iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D3539-11

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer (Withdrawn 2015)

Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer (Withdrawn 2015)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The rate of evaporation of volatile liquids from a solution or dispersion is important because it affects the rate of deposition of a film and flow during deposition, and thereby controls the structure and appearance of the film. In the formulation of paints and related products, solvents are chosen based on the evaporation characteristics appropriate to the application technique and the curing temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the rate of evaporation of volatile liquids of low viscosity using the Shell thin-film evaporometer. These test methods have been applied to a wide range of volatile liquids, including paint, varnish, and lacquer solvents and thinners to various hydrocarbons and to insecticide spray-base oils.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover the determination of the rate of evaporation of volatile liquids of low viscosity using the Shell thin-film evaporometer. These test methods have been applied to a wide range of volatile liquids, including paint, varnish, and lacquer solvents and thinners to various hydrocarbons and to insecticide spray-base oils.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in June 2015. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Jan-2011
Withdrawal Date
09-Jun-2015
ICS
71.040.40 - Chemical analysis
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Buy Standard

ASTM D3539-11 - Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer (Withdrawn 2015)ASTM D3539-11 - Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer (Withdrawn 2015)
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D3539-11 - Standard Test Methods for Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film Evaporometer (Withdrawn 2015)
English language
8 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3539 − 11
StandardTest Methods for
Evaporation Rates of Volatile Liquids by Shell Thin-Film
1
Evaporometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3539; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the rate 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of evaporation of volatile liquids of low viscosity using the D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
Shell thin-film evaporometer. These test methods have been Industrial Chemicals
applied to a wide range of volatile liquids, including paint, E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
varnish, and lacquer solvents and thinners to various hydrocar-
3. Summary of Test Methods
bons and to insecticide spray-base oils.
3.1 Aknown volume of liquid is spread on a known area of
1.2 The test methods for the determination of evaporation
filter paper that is suspended from a sensitive balance in a
rate using the thin-film evaporometer are:
cabinet. Dried air or nitrogen at 25°C is passed through the
Sections
cabinet at a known rate. The loss of weight of the filter
2,3
Test Method A —Manual Recording 5–11
paper/liquid is determined and plotted against time.
Test Method B—Automatic Recording 12–17
1.3 These test methods are limited only by the viscosity of
4. Significance and Use
the volatile liquid which must be sufficiently low to permit the
4.1 The rate of evaporation of volatile liquids from a
dispensingofanaccuratelymeasuredspecimenfromasyringe.
solution or dispersion is important because it affects the rate of
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
deposition of a film and flow during deposition, and thereby
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
controls the structure and appearance of the film. In the
only.
formulation of paints and related products, solvents are chosen
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
based on the evaporation characteristics appropriate to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
application technique and the curing temperature.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
TEST METHOD A—EVAPORATION RATE USING
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
THE MANUAL THIN-FILM EVAPOROMETER
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
statements are given in 5.2 and 5.6.
5. Apparatus
5
5.1 Evaporometer, thin-film evaporometer as shown in
1 Fig. 1 (see Annex A1).
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
5.2 Constant-Temperature Cabinet for evaporometer.
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and
(Warning—In instances with the solvents and other volatile
Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally materials normally tested using this apparatus and under the
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3539–87(2004).
conditions specified in this test method, the concentration of
DOI: 10.1520/D3539-11.
2
These test methods are essentially the same as the one developed by the New
4
York Society for Paint Technology. The Precision section was added by ASTM For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
SubcommitteeD01.24andisbaseduponthedataoftheNewYorkSocietyforPaint contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Technology. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
See “Comparative Evaporation Rates of Solvents: II,” New York Club, the ASTM website.
5
Technical Subcommittee No. 66, Offıcial Digest, 28, No. 382, 1956, p. 1060. The manual Shell thin-film evaporometer is no longer available.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3539 − 11
vices that do not contain mercury such as liquid-in-glass
thermometers, thermocouples, or platinum resistance ther-
mometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and
precision and cover the temperature range for thermometers
56C or 56F may be used.
6. Preparation of Evaporometer
6.1 Place the filter paper disk on the wire support, threading
thehookthroughasmallholeinthecenterofthepaper.Attach
the hook to the steel spring below the sighting disk and allow
the
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D6827-02(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Zinc Analysis of Floor Polishes and Floor Polish Polymers By Flame Atomic Absorption (A.A.)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is generally accepted for the preparation of floor polish and floor polish polymers for the analysis of total zinc content. Knowing the total zinc content of a floor finish or polymer can aid in determining the proper disposal method of used or unwanted product.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the analysis of floor polishes and floor polish polymers for total zinc content.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1641-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for determining the temperature-decomposition profile of a material.  
5.2 This test method can be used for estimating lifetimes of materials, using Practice E1877 provided that a relationship has been established between the thermal endurance test results and actual lifetime tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the kinetic parameters, Arrhenius activation energy, and pre-exponential factor by thermogravimetry, based on the assumption that the decomposition obeys first-order kinetics using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall isoconversional method (1, 2).2  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to materials with well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, continuous mass change with a single maximum rate.  
1.3 This test method is normally applicable to decomposition occurring in the range from 400 K to 1300 K (nominally 100 °C to 1000 °C). The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation used.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2403-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Sulfated Ash of Organic Materials by Thermogravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The sulfated ash value indicates the level of known metal-containing additives or impurities in an organic material. When phosphorus is absent, barium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium are converted to their sulfates. Tin and zinc are converted to their oxides.  
5.2 This test method may be used for research and development, specification acceptance, and quality assurance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of sulfated ash content (sometimes called residue-on-ignition) of organic materials by thermogravimetry. This test method converts common metals found in organic materials (such as sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and tin) into their sulfate salts permitting estimation of their total content as sulfates or oxides. The range of this test method is from 0.1 % to 100 % metal content.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E1386-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Solvent Extraction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (see Test Method E1618).  
4.2 This practice is useful to reduce potential fractionation during separation, such as when attempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.  
4.3 This practice is particularly useful for extraction from nonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior of burned containers. It is also well suited to the extraction of ignitable liquid residues from samples that are not amenable to extraction using Practice E1412.  
4.4 This practice lacks specificity to separate and isolate ignitable liquids from interfering compounds present in the fire debris.  
4.5 This practice is not suitable for the extraction of extremely volatile compounds and ignitable liquids (for example, acetone, butane, ethanol, propane, some cigarette lighter fluids), which could evaporate during the concentration step.  
4.6 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, this technique should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be preserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure could be unsuitable for resampling. If sample spoliation is an issue, a nondestructive extraction technique (for example, Practices E1412, E2154) should be used prior to this technique.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using solvent to extract the residue.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues over a wide range of concentrations.  
1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E203-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Titration techniques using KF reagent are one of the most widely used for the determination of water.  
4.2 Although the volumetric KF titration can determine low levels of water, it is generally accepted that coulometric KF titrations (see Test Method E1064) are more accurate for routine determination of very low levels of water. As a general rule, if samples routinely contain water concentrations of 500 mg/kg or less, the coulometric technique should be considered.  
4.3 Applications can be subdivided into two sections: (1) organic and inorganic compounds, in which water may be determined directly, and (2) compounds, in which water cannot be determined directly, but in which interferences may be eliminated by suitable chemical reactions or modifications of the procedure. Further discussion of interferences is included in Section 5 and Appendix X2.  
4.4 Water can be determined directly in the presence of the following types of compounds:    
Organic Compounds  
Acetals  
Ethers  
Acids (Note 1)  
Halides  
Acyl halides  
Hydrocarbons (saturated and unsaturated)  
Alcohols  
Ketones, stable (Note 4)  
Aldehydes, stable (Note 2)  
Nitriles  
Amides  
Orthoesters  
Amines, weak (Note 3)  
Peroxides (hydro, dialkyl)  
Anhydrides  
Sulfides  
Disulfides  
Thiocyanates  
Esters  
Thioesters  
Inorganic Compounds  
Acids (Note 5)  
Cupric oxide  
Acid oxides (Note 6)  
Desiccants  
Aluminum oxides  
Hydrazine sulfate  
Anhydrides  
Salts of organic and inorganic acids (Note 6)  
Barium dioxide  
Calcium carbonate  
Note 1: Some acids, such as formic, acetic, and adipic acid, are slowly esterified. For high accuracy with pyridine-based reagents, use 30 % to 50 % pyridine in methanol as the solvent. When using pyridine-free reagents, commercially available buffer solutions can be added to the sample prior to titration. With formic acid, it may be necessary to use methanol-free solvents and titrants (1).4
N...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended as a general guide for the application of the volumetric Karl Fischer (KF) titration for determining free water and water of hydration in most solid or liquid organic and inorganic compounds. This test method is designed for use with automatic titration systems capable of determining the KF titration end point potentiometrically; however, a manual titration method for determining the end point visually is included as Appendix X1. Samples that are gaseous at room temperature are not covered (see Appendix X4). This test method covers the use of both pyridine and pyridine-free KF reagents for determining water by the volumetric titration. Determination of water using KF coulometric titration is not discussed. By proper choice of the sample size, KF reagent concentration and apparatus, this test method is suitable for measurement of water over a wide concentration range, that is, parts per million to pure water.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warnings are given in 3.1 and 7.3.3.  
1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions for chemicals used in this test procedure.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7482-17(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons for Mercury Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for use in sampling liquid hydrocarbons including crude oils, condensates, refinery process intermediates, and refined products. Generally these samples are expected to contain mercury from the parts per billion (10–9 mass) to parts per million (10–6 mass) range.  
5.2 This practice is not intended for use when sampling aqueous systems where the concentrations of mercury are often in the parts per trillion (10–12 mass) range. These samples are often better addressed by using the rigorously clean techniques from the EPA Method 1669 “clean hands, dirty hands” sampling procedures.  
5.3 This practice is not intended for use for liquefied samples, for which special containers may be required for pressurized samples.  
5.4 This practice is only suitable for stabilized samples which remain 100 % liquid at ambient conditions. For samples that on depressurization lose some of the light hydrocarbon ends it is important to note that elemental mercury may be lost during sampling. Sampling modules which inject unstabilized liquid hydrocarbons close to process conditions directly to the mercury analyzer can be used to overcome this issue.  
5.5 Based on this practice, two Test Methods (D7622 and D7623) are available for determination of mercury in crude oil, based on cold vapor atomic absorption technique.  
5.6 In some refined streams and in tank samples free water may be present. Process streams that are water saturated may condense water as the sample cools from process temperature to ambient temperature. Ionic mercury species are water soluble and these water droplets may contain mercury or adsorb mercury over time.  
5.7 The presence of mercury during crude oil production, transport, and refining can be an environmental and industrial hygiene concern.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the types of and preparation of containers found most suitable for the handling of hydrocarbon samples for the determination of total mercury.  
1.2 This practice was developed for sampling streams where the mercury speciation is predominantly Hg(0) present as a mixture of dissolved Hg(0) atoms, adsorbed Hg(0) on particulates (for example, carbonaceous or mineral fines and Fe2O3) and suspended droplets of metallic mercury.  
1.3 The presence of suspended droplets of metallic mercury (often called “colloidal” mercury, since the droplet size can be very small) can make obtaining a representative sample very difficult for a variety of reasons (for example, non-isokinetic sampling of the liquid can result in over- or under-collection of suspended droplets and collection of mercury that has accumulated in dense larger drops and pools on the bottom of piping and in sample taps). Pay strict attention to the detailed procedure (Section 7) to ensure representative samples are collected.  
1.4 When representative test portions are collected and analyzed in accordance with acceptable procedures, the total mercury is representative of concentrations in the sample.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and envi...

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5984-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Semi-Quantitative Field Test Method for Base Number in New and Used Lubricants by Color-Indicator Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 New and used petroleum products can contain basic constituents that are present as additives or as degradation products formed during service. The amount of these additives in an oil can be determined by titrating against an acid. The base number is a measure of the amount of basic substance in the oil, always under the conditions of the test. A decrease in base number is often used as a measure of lubricant degradation, but any condemning limits must be empirically established.  
5.2 This test method uses reagents that are considered less hazardous than most reagents used in alternate base number methods. It uses pre-packaged reagents to facilitate base number determinations in the field where scientific equipment is unavailable and quick results are at a premium.
Note 1: Results obtained by this test method3 are similar to those obtained by Test Method D2896.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the basic constituents in petroleum products in the field or laboratory using a pre-packaged test kit. The test uses a micro-titration resulting in a visual endpoint facilitated by a color indicator.  
1.1.1 This test method covers base numbers from 0 to 20. It can be extended to higher ranges by diluting the sample or by using a smaller sample size; however, the precision data were obtained for base numbers up to 20.  
1.2 This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil during use under oxidizing conditions. Although the test is performed under closely specified conditions with standardized reagents, the test method does not measure an absolute basic property that can be used to predict performance of an oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and base number is known.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4739-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Base Number Determination by Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 New and used petroleum products can contain basic constituents that are present as additives. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titration with acids. The base number is a measure of the amount of basic substances in the oil always under the conditions of the test. It is sometimes used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service. However, any condemning limit shall be empirically established.  
5.2 As stated in 1.2, this test method uses a weaker acid to titrate the base than Test Method D2896, and the titration solvents are also different. Test Method D2896 uses a stronger acid and a more polar solvent system than Test Method D4739. As a result, Test Method D2896 will titrate salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, and weak alkaline salts of some metals. They do not protect the oil from acidic components due to the degradation of the oil. This test method may produce a falsely exaggerated base number. Test Method D4739 will probably not titrate these weak bases but, if so, will titrate them to a lesser degree of completion. It measures only the basic components of the additive package that neutralizes acids. On the other hand, if the additive package contains weak basic components that do not play a role in neutralizing the acidic components of the degrading oil, then the Test Method D4739 result may be falsely understated.  
5.3 Particular care is required in the interpretation of the base number of new and used lubricants.  
5.3.1 When the base number of the new oil is required as an expression of its manufactured quality, Test Method D2896 is preferred, since it is known to titrate weak bases that this test method may or may not titrate reliably.  
5.3.2 When the base number of in-service or at-term oil is required, this test method is preferred because in many cases, especially for internal combustion engine oils, weakly basic degradation products are possible. Test Method D2896 will titrate these, thu...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products and new and used lubricants. This test method resolves these constituents into groups having weak-base and strong-base ionization properties, provided the dissociation constants of the more strongly basic compounds are at least 1000 times than that of the next weaker groups. This test method covers base numbers up to 250.  
1.2 In new and used lubricants, the constituents that can be considered to have basic properties are primarily organic and inorganic bases, including amino compounds. This test method uses hydrochloric acid as the titrant, whereas Test Method D2896 uses perchloric acid as the titrant. This test method may or may not titrate these weak bases and, if so, it will titrate them to a lesser degree of completion; some additives such as inhibitors or detergents may show basic characteristics.  
1.3 When testing used engine lubricants, it should be recognized that certain weak bases are the result of the service rather than having been built into the oil. This test method can be used to indicate relative changes that occur in oil during use under oxidizing or other service conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil. The values obtained, however, are intended to be compared with the other values obtained by this test method only; base numbers obtained by this test method are not intended to be equal to values by other test methods. Although the analysis is made under closely specified conditions, this test method is not intended to, and does not, result in reported basic properties that can be used under all service conditions to predict performance of an oil; for example, no overall relationship is known between bearing corrosion or the control of corrosive wear in the engine and base number.  
1.4 This test method was developed as an alternative for the former base numb...

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E3399-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Non-volatile Residue in Ethanol and Ethanol Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Manufacturers of ethanol are responsible for identifying and controlling impurities according to regulatory standards. Impurities in ethanol that are non-volatile are critical quality attributes for applications in the food, feed and pharmaceutical, personal care applications. Non-volatile residue is an attribute important to users of ethanol for these applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the non-volatile residue content of ethanol and ethanol solutions at the time of test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); the accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM G106-89(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Verification of Algorithm and Equipment for Electrochemical Impedance Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and standard plots should allow the investigator to check his laboratory technique. This practice should lead to electrochemical impedance curves in the literature which can be compared easily and with confidence.  
5.2 Samples of a standard ferritic type 430 stainless steel (UNS 430000) used to obtain the reference plots are available for those who wish to check their equipment. Suitable resistors and capacitors can be obtained from electronics supply houses.  
5.3 This test method may not be appropriate for electrochemical impedance measurements of all materials or in all environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an experimental procedure which can be used to check one's instrumentation and technique for collecting and presenting electrochemical impedance data. If followed, this practice provides a standard material, electrolyte, and procedure for collecting electrochemical impedance data at the open circuit or corrosion potential that should reproduce data determined by others at different times and in different laboratories. This practice may not be appropriate for collecting impedance information for all materials or in all environments.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off