ASTM D4024-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Machine Made "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Flanges
Standard Specification for Machine Made "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Flanges
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reinforced-thermosetting-resin flanges other than contact-molded flanges. Included are requirements for materials, workmanship, performance, and dimensions.
1.2 Flanges may be produced integrally with a pipe or fitting, may be produced with a socket for adhesive bonding to a pipe or fitting, or may be of the type used in conjunction with either a metallic or nonmetallic backup ring.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available only in SI units, inch-pound units are omitted.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-Contact molded flanges are covered in Specification D5421. Note 2-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard. Note 3-For purposes of this specification, polyester includes vinylester resins.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 4024 – 00
Standard Specification for
Machine Made “Fiberglass’’ (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin) Flanges
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
Plastics
1.1 This specification covers reinforced-thermosetting resin
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
flanges other than contact-molded flanges. Included are re-
D 5421 Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass’’
quirements for materials, workmanship, performance, and
(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Resin) Flanges
dimensions.
D 5685 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
1.2 Flanges may be produced integrally with a pipe or
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe Fittings
fitting, may be produced with a socket for adhesive bonding to
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
a pipe or fitting, or may be of the type used in conjunction with
2.2 ANSI Standards:
either a metallic or nonmetallic backup ring.
B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
B 16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for
information only. In cases where materials, products, or equip-
3. Terminology
ment are available only in SI units, inch-pound units are
3.1 Definitions:
omitted.
3.1.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
nology D 883 or Terminology F 412. Abbreviations are in
test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This
accordance with Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indi-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
cated.The abbreviation for reinforced-thermosetting-resin pipe
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
is RTRP.
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4. Classification
tions prior to use.
4.1 General—This specification covers machine-made
NOTE 1—Contact molded flanges are covered in Specification D 5421
reinforced-thermosetting-resinflangesdefinedbytype(method
and referenced in Specification D 5685.
of manufacture), grade (generic type of resin), class (configu-
NOTE 2—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
ration of joining system), and pressure rating. Flanges com-
NOTE 3—For purposes of this specification, polyester includes viny-
plying with this specification are also given numerical classi-
lester resins.
fications relating to rupture pressure, sealing test pressure, and
2. Referenced Documents
bolt torque limit.
4.1.1 Types:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.1.1 Type 1—Filament-wound flanges manufactured by
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
winding continuous fibrous glass strand roving or roving tape,
Insulating Materials for Testing
either preimpregnated or impregnated during winding, into a
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
flange cavity under controlled tension.
D 1599 TestMethodforShort-TimeHydraulicFailurePres-
4.1.1.2 Type 2—Compression-molded flanges made by ap-
sure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
plying external pressure and heat to a molding compound that
is confined within a closed mold.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on Reinforced
Plastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally
published as D 4024 – 81. Last previous edition D 4024 – 00. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4024
4.1.1.3 Type 3—Resin-transfer-molded flanges manufac- 200 psi (1.4 MPa) pressure rating, a burst pressure in excess of
tured by pumping a thermosetting resin into glass reinforce- 600 psi (4.1 MPa), a sealing test pressure of 225 psi (1.6 MPa),
ments that have been cut to size and clamped between matched and a bolt torque limit greater than 75 lbf·ft (102 N·m).
molds.
NOTE 4—Flanges with identical classification from different manufac-
4.1.1.4 Type 4—Centrifugally-cast flanges are made by
turers may not be interchangeable due to nonstandardization of pipe or
applying resin and reinforcement to the inside of a mold that is
socket diameter, socket length, taper angle, or combination thereof.
rotated and heated, subsequently polymerizing the resin sys-
5. Materials and Manufacture
tem.
4.1.2 Grades:
5.1 Flanges manufactured in accordance with this specifi-
4.1.2.1 Grade 1—Epoxy resin.
cation shall be composed of reinforcement imbedded in or
4.1.2.2 Grade 2—Polyester resin.
surrounded by cured thermosetting resin. The composite struc-
4.1.2.3 Grade 3—Furan resin.
ture may contain granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents,
4.1.3 Classes:
pigments, or dyes.
4.1.3.1 Class 1—Integrally-molded flange manufactured di-
5.2 The resins, reinforcements, and other materials, when
rectly on a pipe section, pipe stub, or fitting.
combined as composite structure, shall produce a flange that
4.1.3.2 Class 2—Taper to taper adhesive joint flange manu-
will meet the performance requirements of this specification.
factured with a tapered socket to be used in conjunction with a
pipe or fitting with a tapered spigot section and a suitable
6. Performance Requirements
adhesive. This joining method provides an interference fit over
6.1 Flanges shall meet the following performance require-
the entire length of the bond line.
ments when joined for testing according to the manufacturer’s
4.1.3.3 Class 3—Straight-taper adhesive joint flange manu-
recommended practice for field installation:
factured with a tapered socket to be used with a pipe or fitting
6.1.1 Sealing—Flanges shall withstand a pressure of at least
with an untapered spigot section and a suitable adhesive. This
1.5timestherateddesignpressurewithoutleakagewhentested
joining method provides an interference fit at the bottom of the
in accordance with 11.4.
socket.
6.1.2 Short-Term Rupture Strength—Flanges shall with-
4.1.3.4 Class 4—Straight adhesive joint flange manufac-
stand a hydrostatic load of at least four times their rated design
tured with an untapered socket for use with a pipe or fitting
pressure without damage to the flange when tested in accor-
with an untapered spigot and a suitable adhesive. This joint
dance with 11.5.
provides no interference fit.
6.1.3 Bolt Torque—Flanges shall withstand, without visible
4.1.4 Pressure Rating—Pressure rating shall be categorized
sign of damage, a bolt torque of at least 1.5 times that
by a single letter designation. Pressure designations are shown
recommended by the manufacturer for sealing of the flange at
in Table 1.
its rated pressure when tested in accordance with 11.6.
4.1.5 Rupturepressure,sealingtestpressure,andbolttorque
limit shall be categorized by single arabic number designations
7. Content Requirements
as indicated by the cell classification system of Table 2.
7.1 Percentage Extractable Material— Flanges shall con-
4.2 Designation Code—The flange designation code shall
tain no more than 5 % extractable material when tested in
consist of the abbreviation RTR, followed by the type, grade,
accordance with Annex A1.
and class in arabic numerals, the pressure rating category as a
7.2 Recycled or Repprocessed Thermosetting Plastics—
capital letter, and three arabic numbers identifying the cell
Flanges shall not contain any recylced or reprocessed thermo-
classification designations of the rupture pressure, sealing test
setting plastics which might otherwise be added as fillers.
pressure, and the bolt torque limit, respectively. Thus, a
complete flange designation code shall consist of three letters,
8. Dimensions
three numerals and one letter, and three numerals.
8.1 Dimensions and Tolerances:
4.2.1 Example—RTR-112D-334.Thisdesignationdescribes
8.1.1 Flange and Bolt Dimensions—Flanges of 24 in. (610
a filament-wound, glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin flange
mm) or smaller diameter shall conform to the values given in
with a taper to taper adhesive joining system. The flange has a
Table 3 for bolt circle, number and size of bolt holes, and
outside diameter. Flanges larger than 24 in. (610 mm) in
TABLE 1 Pressure Categories diameter shall conform to the values for bolt circle, number
and size of bolt holes, and outside diameter for Class 125 cast
Pressure Rating
iron flanges in ANSI B 16.1. The tolerance for the flange
Designation
psi MPa
dimensions provided in Table 3 shall be the same as those
A 50 0.35 contained in ANSI B 16.1.
B 100 0.69
8.1.2 Flange Face—The flange face shall be perpendicular
C 150 1.03
1 1
to the axis of the fitting within ⁄2°, and shall be flat to 6 ⁄32 in.
D 200 1.38
E 250 1.72 (1 mm) for sizes up to and including 18 in. (457 mm) diameter
F 300 2.07
and 6 ⁄16 in. (2 mm) for larger diameters.
G 400 2.76
8.1.3 Washer Bearing Surface—Washer bearing surface
H 500 3.45
shall be flat and parallel to the flange face within 61°.
D 4024
TABLE 2 Burst Pressure, Sealing Test Pressure, and Bolt Torque Limit
A
Property 0 1 2 3 45678
Burst pressure, psi 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1600 2000
(MPa) (1.38) (2.76) (4.14) (5.52) (6.89) (8.27) (11.03) (13.79)
Sealing test pressure, psi 75 150 225 300 375 450 600 750
(MPa) (0.52) (1.03) (1.55) (2.07) (2.59) (3.10) (4.14) (5.17)
Bolt torque limit, lbf·ft. 20 30 50 75 100 125 150 200
(N·m) (27.1) (40.7) (67.8) (101.7) (135.6) (169.5) (203.4) (271.2)
A
0 = unspecified.
A
TABLE 3 Flange Dimensions, in. (mm)
Nominal Pipe, Outside Diameter Drilling
B
Size of Flange
Diameter of Bolt Circle Diameter of Bolt Holes Number of Bolts Diameter of Bolts
1 1
⁄2 3.50 (88.9) 2.38 (60.5) 0.62 (15.75) 4 ⁄2 (12.70)
3 1
⁄4 3.88 (98.6) 2.75 (69.9) 0.62 (15.75) 4 ⁄2 (12.70)
1 4.25 (107.9) 3.12 (79.2) 0.62 (15.75) 4 ⁄2 (12.70)
1 1
1 ⁄4 4.62 (117.3) 3.50 (88.9) 0.62 (15.75) 4 ⁄2 (12.70)
1 1
1 ⁄2 5.00 (127.0) 3.88 (98.6) 0.62 (15.75) 4 ⁄2 (12.70)
2 6.00 (152.4) 4.75 (120.6) 0.75 (19.0) 4 ⁄8 (15.9)
1 5
2 ⁄2 7.00 (177.8) 5.50 (139.7) 0.75 (19.0) 4 ⁄8 (15.9)
3 7.50 (190.5) 6.00 (152.4) 0.75 (19.0) 4 ⁄8 (15.9)
1 5
3 ⁄2 8.50 (215.9) 7.00 (177.8) 0.75 (19.0) 8 ⁄8 (15.9)
4 9.00 (228.6) 7.50 (190.5) 0.75 (19.0) 8 ⁄8 (15.9)
5 10.00 (254.0) 8.50 (215.9) 0.88 (22.4) 8 ⁄4 (19.0)
6 11.00 (279.4) 9.50 (241.3) 0.88 (22.4) 8 ⁄4 (19.0)
8 13.50 (342.9) 11.75 (298.4) 0.88 (22.4) 8 ⁄4 (19.0)
10 16.00 (406.4) 14.25 (361.9) 1.00 (25.4) 12 ⁄8 (22.2)
12 19.00 (482.6) 17.00 (431.8) 1.00 (25.4) 12 ⁄8 (22.2)
14 21.00 (533.4) 18.75 (476.2) 1.12 (28.4) 12 1 (25.4)
16 23.50 (596.9) 21.25 (539.8) 1.12 (28.4) 16 1 (25.4)
18 25.00 (635.0) 22.75 (577.8) 1.25 (31.7) 16 1 ⁄8 (28.6)
20 27.50 (698.5) 25.00 (635.0) 1.25 (31.7) 20 1 ⁄8 (28.6)
24 32.00 (812.8) 29.50 (749.3) 1.38 (35.1) 20 1 ⁄4 (31.7)
A
Dimensions conform to ANSI B 16.5 for Class 150 steel flanges.
B
For larger sizes, see 8.1.1.
8.2 Pipe Stop—Each adhesive joined flange shall provide environment testing is specified, tests shall be conducted in the
sufficient taper or a diametral constriction to act as a stop Standard Laboratory Atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C)
during adhesive joining so that the pipe stub cannot project and 50 6 5 % relative humidity. When elevated temperature
beyond the face of the flange. testing is specified, the tests shall be conducted at the design
operating temperature 65.4°F (3°C).
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
11.3 Dimensions and Tolerances—Flange dimensions shall
9.1 Flanges shall be free as commercially practical of be measured with a micrometer of vernier calipers, or other
defects, including indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pin- suitable measuring devices accurate to within 60.001 in.
holes, foreign inclusions, and resin-starved areas. (60.02 mm). Diameters shall be determined by averaging a
minimum of four measurements, equally spaced circumferen-
10. Sampling
tially.
10.1 The rate of sampling of flanges for pressure rating 11.4 Sealing—Flanged components in general arrangement
verification shall be in accordance with Annex A2. with Fig. 1 shall be bolted together using the gasket and bolt
10.2 For individual orders, only those additional tests and torque recommended for standard field installation by the
numberoftestsspecificallyagreeduponbetweenthepurchaser flange manufacturer. The assembly shall then be pressure
and seller need be conducted. tested and be required to hold the test pressure for a period of
168 hours without leakage. Retorquing to the manufacturer’s
11. Test Methods
specified level after initial pressurization is permitted.
11.1 Conditioning—When conditioning is required, and in 11.5 Short-Term Rupture Strength—Flanged components
all cases of disagreement, condition the test specimens at 73.4 shall be tested in accordance with Test Method D 1599 with
6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not free-end closure except as herein noted. The pressure in the
less than 40 h prior to test, in accordance with Procedure A of specimen shall be increased until failure of the flange occurs.
Practice D 618. Pressure testing in an atmospheric environment is permissible.
11.2 Test Conditions—The tests may be conducted at am- Minimum failure time shall be 60 s; no restriction shall be
bient temperature and humidity conditions. When controlled placed on maximum time-to-failure. Leaking past the gasket
D 4024
FIG. 2 Bolt Torquing Sequence
FIG. 1 Test Assembly Configuration
interface is permissible during this test. Bolt torque may be
12. Product Marking
increased as necessary during the test in order to minimize
12.1 Each flange shall be marked with the following infor-
gasket leaking and to achieve the pressure necessary to cause
mation:
flange failure. The assembly used for the test in 11.4 may be
12.1.1 The designation “ASTM D 4024” indicating compli-
used for this test.
ance with this specification,
11.6 Maximum Bolt Torque—Using the gasket and hard-
12.1.2 Identification of the flange in accordance with the
ware recommended by the flange manufacturer
...
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