ASTM D5970-96(2002)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Deterioration of Geotextiles from Outdoor Exposure
Standard Practice for Deterioration of Geotextiles from Outdoor Exposure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Artificial exposure tests or outdoor exposure tests at one location may not be applicable to a project site at another location. This test method evaluates geotextiles under site specific atmospheric conditions over an 18 month period. A degradation curve based on strength, elongation, or modulus, or all of these, may be developed for the geotextile being evaluated.
This test method can be used for comparative testing of the degradation of geotextiles.
This test method is considered to be a performance test and as such the responsibility for its performance rests with the specifying or purchasing agency.
Note 1—The intent of this procedure is to provide the user of this test method and geotextiles a standard by which to evaluate ultraviolet degradation at a specific site in terms of expected life, not in terms of incident radiation and temperature. If desired, the user may want to have the necessary measurement and recording equipment at each site to do this. However, the expense of doing so at each site may be prohibitive. Therefore, this is not a specific requirement of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluating the deterioration in tensile strength and strain after outdoor exposure.
1.2 The deterioration is assessed as a reduction in strength and strain at failure from the unexposed geotextile.
1.3 The specific location of the light and weather exposure is made on the basis of a site specific decision between the parties involved.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5970–96 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Practice for
Deterioration of Geotextiles from Outdoor Exposure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5970; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.5 ultraviolet degradation—the photochemical change
induced by exposure to ultraviolet radiation that results in
1.1 This test method covers evaluating the deterioration in
deterioration of the performance characteristics of the poly-
tensile strength and strain after outdoor exposure.
meric structure.
1.2 The deterioration is assessed as a reduction in strength
and strain at failure from the unexposed geotextile.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 The specific location of the light and weather exposure
4.1 Geotextile coupons are attached to a test frame oriented
is made on the basis of a site specific decision between the
45° from the horizontal and facing due South at designated
parties involved.
location for exposure times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 18 months.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Exposure shall begin so as to ensure that material is exposed
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
during the maximum intensity of ultraviolet light of the year.
information only.
On the continental United States this shall be mid-June.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.1 Unexposed control coupons shall be retained for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
testing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 After each exposure time the appropriate coupons are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
brought into a laboratory for strength determination. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
results of these tests are compared to the strength determined
2. Referenced Documents for the unexposed coupons. The user may be interested in
exposure times other than specified in this test method. These
2.1 ASTM Standards:
times should be noted in reporting the results.
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
4.3 The results are presented in the form of various plots.
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 Artificial exposure tests or outdoor exposure tests at one
3.1 Definitions:
location may not be applicable to a project site at another
3.1.1 geotextile—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
location. This test method evaluates geotextiles under site
solely of textiles.
specific atmospheric conditions over an 18 month period. A
3.1.2 strain at failure—the strain of the geotextile at the
degradation curve based on strength, elongation, or modulus,
elongation corresponding to the failure strength. It is expressed
or all of these, may be developed for the geotextile being
as elongation over original gage length.
evaluated.
3.1.3 strength—the maximum, or ultimate, stress that a
5.2 This test method can be used for comparative testing of
material can withstand. For geotextiles, expressed in units of
the degradation of geotextiles.
force per unit width.
5.3 This test method is considered to be a performance test
3.1.4 Discussion—In some geotextiles, after reaching maxi-
and as such the responsibility for its performance rests with the
mum stress, there is a lesser strength that retained. This lesser
specifying or purchasing agency.
strength is referred to as the ultimate strength of the geotextile.
NOTE 1—The intent of this procedure is to provide the user of this test
method and geotextiles a standard by which to evaluate ultraviolet
degradation at a specific site in terms of expected life, not in terms of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-
incident radiation and temperature. If desired, the user may want to have
thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance
the necessary measurement and recording equipment at each site to do
Properties.
this. However, the expense of doing so at each site may be prohibitive.
Current edition approved May 10, 1996. Published December 1996.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. Therefore, this is not a specific requirement of this test method.
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D5970–96 (2002)
6. Apparatus
6.1 The frame for holding the coupons during the exposure
phase of this test consists of a wooden frame (for example, a
sheet of exterior plywood) suitably braced so that it resides at
a 45° angle with the horizontal.
6.1.1 The frame is to be unpainted with the surface pro-
tected from the effects of water and sunlight by varnishing the
surface.
6.1.2 The supported frame is firmly positioned in a location
free from obstruction from trees or other sources of shade. It
shall face due South. It shall be placed such that no heat or sun
light is reflected on it from surrounding buildings. If this is not
possible, it shall be noted in the test results report.
6.1.3 The frame shall be suitably anchored using anchors,
stakes, or adequate weights on the support legs.
6.2 The geotextiles coupons shall be fastened in such a way
sothatunduestress,thatcouldresultinprematurefailureofthe
geotextile, are not induced with care, staples may be used.
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—Divide the product into lots and take one
unit per lot as the lot sample.
7.1.1 Discussion—This test method is intended to be per-
formed by the purchaser for the purpose of determine geotex-
tile performance under site specific conditions. Should a
manufacturer perform this test it is not intended that each
manufactured lot be sampled and tested. This is because the
test is considered to be time intensive.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—Take for the laboratory sample a
NOTE 1—Product roll is from the manufacturer. Samples are cut from
sample of the geotextile extending the full width of the roll of
the product roll. Coupons for outdoor exposure are cut from samples.
sufficient length along the selvedge from each sample roll such
Specimens for tensile testing are cut from coupons.
FIG. 1 Relation Between Sample, Coupon, Specimen
that the requirements of 8.1 are met. The sample shall exclude
material from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap
being used, locate them in the outer 25 mm (1 in.) of the
aroundthecoreunlessthesampleistakenattheproductionsite
coupon, with approximately four staples per each 300 mm (12
at which point outer or inner wrap may be used.
in.) width, and three staples along each 180 mm (7 in.) length.
7.3 See Fig. 1 for explanation of sample versus coupon
versus specimen.
NOTE 2—If a full sheet of plywood, 1200 by 2400 mm (4 by 8 ft), is
used, seven sets of coupons can be attached to the frame. This will allow
8. Test Coupon Preparation
an approximately 25 mm (1 in.)
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