ASTM G119-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Determining Synergism Between Wear and Corrosion
Standard Guide for Determining Synergism Between Wear and Corrosion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Wear and corrosion can involve a number of mechanical and chemical processes. The combined action of these processes can result in significant mutual interaction beyond the individual contributions of mechanical wear and corrosion (1-5). This interaction among abrasion, rubbing, impact and corrosion can significantly increase total material losses in aqueous environments, thus producing a synergistic effect. Reduction of either the corrosion or the wear component of material loss may significantly reduce the total material loss. A practical example may be a stainless steel that has excellent corrosion resistance in the absence of mechanical abrasion, but readily wears and corrodes when abrasive particles remove its corrosion-resistant passive film. Quantification of wear/corrosion synergism can help guide the user to the best means of lowering overall material loss. The procedures outlined in this guide cannot be used for systems in which any corrosion products such as oxides are left on the surface after a test, resulting in a possible weight gain.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides a means for computing the increased wear loss rate attributed to synergism or interaction that may occur in a system when both wear and corrosion processes coexist. The guide applies to systems in liquid solutions or slurries and does not include processes in a gas/solid system.
1.2 This guide applies to metallic materials and can be used in a generic sense with a number of wear/corrosion tests. It is not restricted to use with approved ASTM test methods.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G119 − 09
StandardGuide for
1
Determining Synergism Between Wear and Corrosion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For general definitions relating to corro-
1.1 This guide covers and provides a means for computing
sion see Terminology G15. For definitions relating to wear see
the increased wear loss rate attributed to synergism or interac-
Terminology G40.
tion that may occur in a system when both wear and corrosion
processes coexist. The guide applies to systems in liquid 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cathodic protection current density, i —the electrical
solutions or slurries and does not include processes in a
cp
currentdensityneededduringthewear/corrosionexperimentto
gas/solid system.
maintain the specimen at a potential which is one volt cathodic
1.2 This guide applies to metallic materials and can be used
to the open circuit potential.
in a generic sense with a number of wear/corrosion tests. It is
3.2.2 corrosion current density, i —the corrosion current
cor
not restricted to use with approved ASTM test methods.
density measured by electrochemical techniques, as described
in Practice G102.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 electrochemical corrosion rate, C—the electrochemi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
calcorrosionrateasdeterminedbyPracticeG59andconverted
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
to a penetration rate in accordance with Practice G102. This
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. penetration rate is equivalent to the volume loss rate per area.
The term C is the electrochemical corrosion rate during the
w
corrosive wear process, and the term C designates the elec-
2. Referenced Documents
0
trochemical corrosion rate when no mechanical wear is al-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lowed to take place.
G3 Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical
3.2.4 mechanical wear rate, W —the rate of material loss
0
Measurements in Corrosion Testing
from a specimen when the electrochemical corrosion rate has
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and
been eliminated by cathodic protection during the wear test.
Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements
3.2.5 total material loss rate, T—the rate of material loss
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and CorrosionTest-
3 from a specimen exposed to the specified conditions, including
ing (Withdrawn 2010)
contributions from mechanical wear, corrosion, and interac-
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
tions between these two.
G59 Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polariza-
3.2.6 wear/corrosion interaction—the change in material
tion Resistance Measurements
wastage resulting from the interaction between wear and
G102 Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Re-
corrosion, that is, T minus W and C . This can be sub-divided
0 0
lated Information from Electrochemical Measurements
into ∆C , the change of the electrochemical corrosion rate due
w
to wear and ∆ W , the change in mechanical wear due to
c
corrosion.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and
Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive
4. Summary of Guide
Wear.
4.1 A wear test is carried out under the test conditions of
Current edition approved July 15, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as G119–04. DOI:
interest and T is measured.
10.1520/G0119-09.
2
4.2 Additional experiments are conducted to isolate the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mechanical and corrosion components of the corrosive wear
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
process. These are as follows:
the ASTM website.
3
4.2.1 Arepeatoftheexperimentin4.1withmeasurementof
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. C ,
w
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G119 − 09
4.2.2 Atest identical to the initial experiment in 4.1, except Test Method G5. The potentiodynamic method rather than the
that cathodic protection is used to obtain W , and pote
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G119–04 Designation:G119–09
Standard Guide for
1
Determining Synergism Between Wear and Corrosion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers and provides a means for computing the increased wear loss rate attributed to synergism or interaction
that may occur in a system when both wear and corrosion processes coexist. The guide applies to systems in liquid solutions or
slurries and does not include processes in a gas/solid system.
1.2 This guide applies to metallic materials and can be used in a generic sense with a number of wear/corrosion tests. It is not
restricted to use with approved ASTM test methods.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G3 Practice for Conventions Applicable to Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements
G15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Testing
G40 Terminology Relating to Wear and Erosion
G59 Practice Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polarization Resistance Measurements
G 102 Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and Related Information from Electrochemical Measurements
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For general definitions relating to corrosion see Terminology G 15. For definitions relating to wear see
Terminology G 40.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 cathodic protection current density, i —The—theelectricalcurrentdensityneededduringthewear/corrosionexperiment
cp
to maintain the specimen at a potential which is one volt cathodic to the open circuit potential.
3.2.2 corrosion current density, i —The—the corrosion current density measured by electrochemical techniques, as described
cor
in Practice G 102.
3.2.3 electrochemical corrosion rate, C—The—the electrochemical corrosion rate as determined by Practice G 59 and
converted to a penetration rate in accordance with Practice G 102. This penetration rate is equivalent to the volume loss rate per
area. The term C is the electrochemical corrosion rate during the corrosive wear process, and the term C designates the
w 0
electrochemical corrosion rate when no mechanical wear is allowed to take place.
3.2.4 mechanical wear rate, W —The—the rate of material loss from a specimen when the electrochemical corrosion rate has
0
been eliminated by cathodic protection during the wear test.
3.2.5 total material loss rate, T—The—the rate of material loss from a specimen exposed to the specified conditions, including
contributions from mechanical wear, corrosion, and interactions between these two.
3.2.6 wear/corrosion interaction—the change in material wastage resulting from the interaction between wear and corrosion,
that is, T minus W 0 and C 0. This can be sub-divided into DC , the change of the electrochemical corrosion rate due to wear
o o w
and D W , the change in mechanical wear due to corrosion.
c
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 A wear test is carried out under the test conditions of interest and T is measured.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G02 on Wear and Erosion and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G02.40 on Non-Abrasive Wear.
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as G119–03.
Current edition approved July 15, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as G 119–04.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G119–09
4.2 Additional experiments are conducted to isolate
...
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