ASTM D1598-02(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The data obtained by this test method are useful for establishing stress versus failure time relationships in a controlled environment from which the hydrostatic design basis for plastic pipe materials can be computed. (Refer to Test Method D 2837 and Practice D 2992.)
In order to determine how plastics will perform as pipe, it is necessary to establish the stress-failure time relationships for pipe over 2 or more logarithmic decades of time (hours) in a controlled environment. Because of the nature of the test and specimens employed, no single line can adequately represent the data, and therefore the confidence limits should be established.
Note 3—Some materials may exhibit a nonlinear relationship between log-stress and log-failure time, usually at short failure times. In such cases, the 105-hour stress value computed on the basis of short-term test data may be significantly different than the value obtained when a distribution of data points in accordance with Test Method D 2837 is evaluated. However, these data may still be useful for quality control or other applications, provided correlation with long-term data has been established.
The factors that affect creep and long-term strength behavior of plastic pipe are not completely known at this time. This procedure takes into account those factors that are known to have important influences and provides a tool for investigating others.
Creep, or nonrecoverable deformation for pipe made of some plastics, is as important as actual leakage in deciding whether or not a pipe has failed. Specimens that exhibit localized ballooning, however, may lead to erroneous interpretation of the creep results unless a method of determining creep is established that precludes such a possibility. Circumferential measurements at two or three selected positions on a specimen may not be adequate.
Great care must be used to ensure that specimens are representative of the pipe under evaluation. Departure from this assumpt...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin pipe under constant internal pressure.
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D1598–02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal
1
Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/ 3.1.1 failure—any continuous loss of pressure with or
resin pipe under constant internal pressure. without the transmission of the test fluid through the body of
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing the specimen under test shall constitute failure. Failure may be
plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed. by one or a combination of the following modes:
1.3 3.1.2 ballooning—any localized expansion of a pipe speci-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the men while under internal pressure. This is sometimes referred
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the to as ductile failure.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—Overall distention which results from creep caused by long-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
term stress is not considered to be a ballooning failure.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 free (unrestrained) end closure—a pipe specimen end
closure (cap) that seals the end of the pipe against loss of
2. Referenced Documents
2 internal fluid and pressure, and is fastened to the pipe speci-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
men.
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
3.1.4 restrained end closure—a pipe specimen end closure
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
(cap) that seals the end of the specimen against loss of internal
D2837 TestMethodforObtainingHydrostaticDesignBasis
fluid and pressure, but is not fastened to the pipe specimen.
forThermoplasticPipeMaterialsorPressureDesignBasis
Restrained end closures rely on tie-rod(s) through the pipe
for Thermoplastic Pipe Products
specimenoronexternalstructuretoresistinternalpressureend
D2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-
thrust.
sign Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
3.1.5 rupture—a break in the pipe wall with immediate loss
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
of test fluid and continued loss at essentially no pressure. If
D3517 Specification for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-
rupture is not preceded by some yielding, this may be termed
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
a non-ductile failure.
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-
3.1.6 seepage or weeping—water or fluid passing through
glass” (Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedThermosetting Resin) Pipe
microscopic breaks in the pipe wall. A reduction in pressure
and Fittings
will frequently enable the pipe to carry fluid without evidence
of loss of the liquid.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
4. Summary of Test Method
Methods.
4.1 Thistestmethodconsistsofexposingspecimensofpipe
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
approved 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1598–02. DOI:
to a constant internal pressure while in a controlled environ-
10.1520/D1598-02R08.
ment.Suchacontrolledenvironmentmaybeaccomplishedby,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
but is not limited to, immersing the specimens in a controlled
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
temperature water or air bath. The time-to-failure is measured.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1598–02 (2008)
NOTE 2—Dimensional changes should be measured on specimens
6.3 Pressure Gage—A pressure gage having an accuracy
undergoing long-term strength tests. Measurements using circumferential
sufficient to meet the pressure tolerance requirements of 6.6 is
tapes, strain gages, or mechanical extensometers provide useful informa-
required.
tion.
6.4 Timing Device—Atime meter connected to the pressur-
ized fluid side of the system through a pressure or flow switch,
5. Signi
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D 1598–97 Designation: D 1598 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Time-to-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal
1
Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the time-to-failure of both thermoplastic and reinforced thermosetting/resin
pipe under constant internal pressure.
1.2 This test method provides a method of characterizing plastics in the form of pipe under the conditions prescribed.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
2
D2837Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials Test Method for Obtaining
Hydrostatic Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure Design Basis for Thermoplastic Pipe Products
D2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure Design Basis for “Fiberglass’’Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings
D3517 Specification for “Fiberglass”Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
D3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiberglass”Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Ther-
mosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 failure—anycontinuouslossofpressurewithorwithoutthetransmissionofthetestfluidthroughthebodyofthespecimen
under test shall constitute failure. Failure may be by one or a combination of the following modes:
3.1.2 ballooning—any localized expansion of a pipe specimen while under internal pressure. This is sometimes referred to as
ductile failure.
NOTE 1—Overall distention which results from creep caused by long-term stress is not considered to be a ballooning failure.
3.1.3 free (unrestrained) end closure—a pipe specimen end closure (cap) that seals the end of the pipe against loss of internal
fluid and pressure, and is fastened to the pipe specimen.
3.1.4 restrained end closure—a pipe specimen endclosure(cap)thatsealstheendofthespecimenagainstloss ofinternalfluid
and pressure, but is not fastened to the pipe specimen. Restrained end closures rely on tie-rod(s) through the pipe specimen or on
external structure to resist internal pressure end thrust.
3.1.5 rupture—abreakinthepipewallwithimmediatelossoftestfluidandcontinuedlossatessentiallynopressure.Ifrupture
is not preceded by some yielding, this may be termed a non-ductile failure.
3.1.6 seepage or weeping—water or fluid passing through microscopic breaks in the pipe wall. A reduction in pressure will
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test
Methods.
Current edition approvedAug. 10, 1997.March 1, 2008. Published November 1997.May 2008. Originally published as D1598–58T. approved 1958. Last previous edition
D1598–86(1991).approved in 2002 as D1598–02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 08.04.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D 1598 – 02 (2008)
frequently enable the pipe to carry fluid without evidence of loss of the liquid.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of exposing specimens of pipe to a constant internal pressure while in a controlled envi
...
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