ASTM D6191-97(2014)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water Reducible Air-Dry Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample ages.  
4.2 This test method may be used for typical air dried paints where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the sample.  
4.3 Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.  
4.4 Samples containing organic solvents as the major volatile component have not been evaluated and are not expected to be compatible with this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of formaldehyde evolved from air-dry water reducible coatings utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds. The results may be used to define the “free” formaldehyde evolved from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2014
• ICS: 25.220.99 - Other treatments and coatings
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6191 − 97 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water
1
Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.2 This test method may be used for typical air dried paints
where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is
1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of
estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the
formaldehyde evolved from air-dry water reducible coatings
sample.
utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds.
4.3 Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as
The results may be used to define the “free” formaldehyde
acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the
evolved from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions.
determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.4 Samples containing organic solvents as the major vola-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tile component have not been evaluated and are not expected to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
be compatible with this test method.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.1 Formaldehyde CollectionApparatus, assembled using a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flowmeter to control the nitrogen flow at ; 1.0 L/min, a 25 by
D2194 Test Method for Concentration of Formaldehyde
200 mm outside diameter long glass test tube, and two 30-mL
Solutions
midget impingers. Connections are made with glass tubes
through a No. 4 two-hole rubber stopper and clear flexible
3. Summary of Test Method
tubing (see Fig. 1).
3.1 A sample of water reducible coating is placed on the
5.2 Drawdown Bar, stainless steel No. 22 wire-wound
walls of a test tube with a drawdown rod and purged with
6.4-mm rod.
nitrogen. The evolved formaldehyde is collected in deionized
5.3 Glass Sample Bottles, (;2 oz), capable of holding
water with tandem impingers and measured colorimetrically
30-mL solution.
using acetylacetone at 412 nm.
5.4 Spectrophotometer, capable of measuring the absor-
4. Significance and Use
banceofsolutionsat412nmwithaminimumsamplelightpath
of 10 mm.
4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde
that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions.The
6. Reagents
amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating
may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the
6.1 Acetylacetone Solution—Dissolve 150 6 0.1 g ammo-
sample ages. nium acetate in ;600 mL deionized water in a 1-L volumetric
flask.Add 3.0-mLglacial acetic acid and 2.0-mLacetylacetone
(2,4 pentanedione) and dilute to volume.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
6.2 Formaldehyde Solution—Use 37 % in methanol/water,
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
commercial stock standard solution. If a commercially cali-
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
brated 37 % standard solution is not being used, the concen-
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approved
ε1
tration of formaldehyde may determined in accordance with
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6191 – 97 (2008) . DOI:
10.1520/D6191-97R14.
Test Method D2194. Then, the actual concentrations of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
working calibrations standards are to be calculated using the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
measured value. (Warning—Formaldehyde, acetylacetone,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and the other reagents used in this test method are toxic or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D6191 − 97 (2014)
8.4 With the nitrogen flowing, remove the impinger tube
from the No. 2 impinger. If the sampling liquid is less than the
original 15 mL volume, restore the volume to 15 mL while
rinsing the impinger tube with deionized water. Disconnect the
No. 1 impinger in the series and rinse the impinger tube with
deionized water in order to restore the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6191 − 97 (Reapproved 2008) D6191 − 97 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Evolved Formaldehyde from Water
1
Reducible Air-Dry Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The precaution note was moved into subsection 6.2 editorially in November 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method may be used to measure the amount of formaldehyde evolved from air-dry water reducible coatings
utilizing latices, resin emulsions, or water reducible alkyds. The results may be used to define the “free” formaldehyde evolved
from a sample under controlled laboratory conditions.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2194 Test Method for Concentration of Formaldehyde Solutions
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of water reducible coating is placed on the walls of a test tube with a drawdown rod and purged with nitrogen.
The evolved formaldehyde is collected in deionized water with tandem impingers and measured colorimetrically using
acetylacetone at 412 nm.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method measures the amount of formaldehyde that is released from a coating under laboratory conditions. The
amount of formaldehyde available for release from a coating may vary depending on composition, and may decrease as the sample
ages.
4.2 This test method may be used for typical air dried paints where water is the major volatile material. The useful range is
estimated to be from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm formaldehyde in the sample.
4.3 Significant amounts of other volatile aldehydes, such as acetaldehyde, are reported to cause an interference with the
determination of formaldehyde. This limitation is not expected to cause a problem for most common water reducible coatings.
4.4 Samples containing organic solvents as the major volatile component have not been evaluated and are not expected to be
compatible with this test method.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Formaldehyde Collection Apparatus, assembled using a flowmeter to control the nitrogen flow at ; 1.0 L/min, a 25 by 200
mm outside diameter long glass test tube, and two 30-mL midget impingers. Connections are made with glass tubes through a No.
4 two-hole rubber stopper and clear flexible tubing (see Fig. 1).
5.2 Drawdown Bar, stainless steel No. 22 wire-wound 6.4-mm rod.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008July 1, 2014. Published November 2008July 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
ε1
D6191 – 97 (2003).(2008) . DOI: 10.1520/D6191-97R08E01.10.1520/D6191-97R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6191 − 97 (2014)
FIG. 1 Formaldehyde Collection Apparatus
5.3 Glass Sample Bottles, (;2 oz), capable of holding 30-mL solution.
5.4 Spectrophotometer, capable of measuring the absorbance of solutions at 412 nm with a minimum sample light path of 10
mm.
6. Reagents
6.1 Acetylacetone Solution—Dissolve 150 6 0.1 g ammonium acetate in ;600 mL deionized water in a 1-L volumetric flask.
Add 3.0-mL glacial acetic acid and 2.0-mL acetylacetone (2,4 pentanedione) and dilute to volume.
6.2 Formaldehyde Solution—Use 37 % in methanol/water, commercial stock standard solution. If a commercially calibrated
37 % standard solution is not being used, the concentration of formaldehyde may determined in accordance with Test Method
D2194. Then, the actual concentrations of the working calibra
...