ASTM F526-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Dose for Use in Linear Accelerator Pulsed Radiation Effects Tests
Standard Test Method for Measuring Dose for Use in Linear Accelerator Pulsed Radiation Effects Tests
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
An accurate measure of the dose is necessary to ensure the validity of the data taken, to enable comparison to be made of data taken at different facilities, and to verify that components or circuits are tested to the radiation specification applied to the system for which they are to be used.
The primary value of a calorimetric method for measuring dose is that the results are absolute. They are based only on physical properties of materials, that is, the specific heat of the calorimeter-block material and the Seebeck EMF of the thermocouple used or the temperature coefficient of resistance (α) of the thermistor used, all of which can be established with non-radiation measurements.
The method permits repeated measurements to be made without requiring entry into the radiation cell between measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a calorimetric measurement of the total dose delivered in a single pulse of electrons from an electron linear accelerator or a flash X-ray machine (FXR, e-beam mode) used as an ionizing source in radiation-effects testing. The test method is designed for use with pulses of electrons in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeV and is only valid for cases in which both the calorimeter and the test specimen to be irradiated are“thin” compared to the range of these electrons in the materials of which they are constructed.
1.2 The procedure described can be used in those cases in which (1) the dose delivered in a single pulse is 5 Gy (matl) (500 rd (matl)) or greater, or (2) multiple pulses of a lower dose can be delivered in a short time compared to the thermal time constant of the calorimeter. Matl refers to the material of the calorimeter. The minimum dose per pulse that can be acceptably monitored depends on the variables of the particular test, including pulse rate, pulse uniformity, and the thermal time constant of the calorimeter.
1.3 A determination of the total dose is made directly for the material of which the calorimeter block is made. The total dose in other materials can be calculated from this measured value by formulas presented in this test method. The need for such calculations and the choice of materials for which calculations are to be made shall be subject to agreement by the parties to the test.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parenthesis are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F526 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Using Calorimeters for Total Dose Measurements in Pulsed
1
Linear Accelerator or Flash X-ray Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF526;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers a calorimetric measurement of
the total dose delivered in a single pulse of electrons from an
2. Referenced Documents
electron linear accelerator or a flash X-ray machine (FXR,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
e-beam mode) used as an ionizing source in radiation-effects
E230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
testing. The test method is designed for use with pulses of
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
electrons in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeV and is only
E1894Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems forApplica-
valid for cases in which both the calorimeter and the test
tion in Pulsed X-Ray Sources
specimen to be irradiated are“thin” compared to the range of
these electrons in the materials of which they are constructed.
3. Terminology
1.2 The procedure described can be used in those cases in
3.1 Definitions:
2
which (1) the dose delivered in a single pulse is 5 Gy (matl)
3.1.1 device under test (DUT)—the device that is under the
(500rd(matl))orgreater,or(2)multiplepulsesofalowerdose
current test.
can be delivered in a short time compared to the thermal time
3.1.2 thermal time constant of a calorimeter—the time for
constant of the calorimeter. Matl refers to the material of the
the temperature excursion of the calorimeter resulting from a
calorimeter. The minimum dose per pulse that can be accept-
radiation pulse to drop to 1/e of its initial maximum value.
ably monitored depends on the variables of the particular test,
including pulse rate, pulse uniformity, and the thermal time
4. Summary of Test Method
constant of the calorimeter.
4.1 Single-Pulse Method—This method consists of (1)
1.3 Adeterminationofthetotaldoseismadedirectlyforthe
irradiating, with a single pulse of high-energy electrons from
materialofwhichthecalorimeterblockismade.Thetotaldose
an electron linear accelerator (linac) or flash X-ray machine
in other materials can be calculated from this measured value
(FXR),asmallblockofmaterialtowhicheitherathermistoror
by formulas presented in this test method. The need for such
athermocouplemadefromsmall-diameterwireisattached;(2)
calculations and the choice of materials for which calculations
recording and measuring the resulting signal from a bridge
are to be made shall be subject to agreement by the parties to
circuit or directly from the thermocouple; (3) calculating the
the test.
total dose deposited in the block based on the temperature rise
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and the specific heat of the material; and (4) if required,
standard. The values in parenthesis are provided for informa-
calculating the equivalent dose in other specified materials.
tion only.
4.2 Multiple-Pulse Method—Ifthedoseavailableinasingle
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety
pulse is not large enough to give measurable results, the linac
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
is pulsed repeatedly within a time short compared to the
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
thermaltimeconstantofthecalorimeter.Thismethodissimilar
to the single-pulse method except that the average dose
delivered in each pulse is calculated from the measured
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE10onNuclear
cumulative dose of all the pulses.
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E10.07 on Radiation Dosimetry for Radiation Effects on Materials and Devices.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally
3
published as F526 – 77 T. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
F526–97(2003). DOI: 10.1520/F0526-11. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
In1975theGeneralConferenceonWeightsandMeasuresadoptedtheunitgray Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(symbol—Gy) for absorbed dose; 1 Gy=100 rad. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F526–97 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: F526 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Dose for Use in Linear Accelerator Pulsed
Radiation Effects TestsUsing Calorimeters for Total Dose
Measurements in Pulsed Linear Accelerator or Flash X-ray
1
Machines
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF526;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversacalorimetricmeasurementofthetotaldosedeliveredinasinglepulseofelectronsfromanelectron
linear accelerator or a flash X-ray machine (FXR, e-beam mode) used as an ionizing source in radiation-effects testing. The test
method is designed for use with pulses of electrons in the energy range from 10 to 50 MeV and is only valid for cases in which
both the calorimeter and the test specimen to be irradiated are“thin” compared to the range of these electrons in the materials of
which they are constructed.
2
1.2 Theproceduredescribedcanbeusedinthosecasesinwhich(1)thedosedeliveredinasinglepulseis5GyGy(matl) (500
rad)rd (matl)) or greater, or (2) multiple pulses of a lower dose can be delivered in a time short time compared to the thermal time
constant of the calorimeter. Matl refers to the material of the calorimeter. The minimum dose per pulse that can be acceptably
monitored depends on the variables of the particular test, including pulse rate, pulse uniformity, and the thermal time constant of
the calorimeter.
1.3 Adetermination of the total dose is made directly for the material of which the calorimeter block is made. The total dose
in other materials can be calculated from this measured value by formulas presented in this test method. The need for such
calculations and the choice of materials for which calculations are to be made shall be subject to agreement by the parties to the
test.
1.4 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesinparenthesisareprovidedforinformationonly.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples Specification and
Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
E1894 Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 device under test (DUT)—the device that is under the current test.
3.1.2 thermal time constant of a calorimeter—the time for the temperature excursion of the calorimeter resulting from a
radiation pulse to drop to 1/e of its initial maximum value.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF01onElectronicsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF01.11onNuclear&SpaceRadiation
Effects.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published March 1998. Originally published as F526–77 T. Last previous edition F526–91. DOI: 10.1520/F0526-97R03.on
Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally published as F526–77 T. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F526–97(2003). DOI:
10.1520/F0526-11.
2
In 1975 the General Conference on Weights and Measures adopted the unit gray (symbol—Gy) for absorbed dose; 1 Gy=100 rad.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F526 – 11
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Single-Pulse Method—Thismethodconsistsof(1)irradiating,withasinglepulseofhigh-energyelectronsfromanelectron
linear accelerator (linac) or flash X-ray machine (FXR), a small block of material to which either a thermistor or a thermocouple
made from small-diameter wire is attached; (2) recording and measuring the resulting signal from a bridge circuit or directly from
the
...
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