ASTM D7177-05

Standard Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed Geomembranes

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a nondestructive evaluation of the strength and continuity of parallel PVC geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this specification more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.
1.2 This specification can be used as a substitute for destructive testing or used in conjunction with destructive testing.
1.3 This specification covers PVC sheet 0.760 mm (0.030 in.) and thicker.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Aug-2005
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.10 - Geomembranes

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D7177-05(2010) - Standard Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed Geomembranes
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7177 – 05
Standard Specification for
Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual
Track Seamed Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.
1.1 This specification covers a nondestructive evaluation of
3.1.3 seam, n—a permanent joining of two or more mate-
the strength and continuity of parallel PVC geomembrane
rials.
seams separated by an unwelded air channel.The unwelded air
3.2 For definitions of other terms, see Terminology D4439.
channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and
inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of
4. Summary of Specification
seam can be evaluated by this specification more quickly than
4.1 This specification utilizes a dual seam where an air
by other common nondestructive tests.
channel exists between the two welded zones. Both ends of the
1.2 This specification can be used as a substitute for
air channel are sealed and then a pressure gauge is attached to
destructive testing or used in conjunction with destructive
the air space. Air pressure is applied and the gauge is
testing.
monitored.
1.3 This specification covers PVC sheet 0.760 mm (0.030
4.2 Air pressures used in this specification are related to the
in.) and thicker.
ambient temperature of the PVC geomembrane and can be
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
used for thickness 0.760 mm (0.030 in.) and thicker PVC
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
geomembrane. The air pressure is not dependant on thickness
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of the PVC geomembrane being tested.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 The minimum monitoring time is recommended to be ⁄2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
min (30 s) following stabilization of the pressure.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual
3. Terminology track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a
standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams
3.1 Definitions:
can be assessed for continuity, water tightness, and strength.
3.1.1 dual seam, n—a geomembrane seam with two parallel
The test is also intended to provide an indication of the
welded zones separated by an unwelded air space.
physical peel strength of the PVC seam.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The dual seam itself can be made by a
5.2 This specification recommends an air pressure test
number of methods; hot wedge, hot air, and ultrasonic bonding
within the channel created between dual seamed tracks
are all typical techniques.
whereby the presence of un-bonded sections or channels,
voids, discontinuities, foreign objects, and the like, in the
seamed region can be identified.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
5.3 This technique is intended for use on seams of PVC
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
Geomembrane sheets 0.760 mm (0.030 in.) and thicker formu-
branes.
lated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingre-
Current edition approved August 15, 2005. Published September 2005. DOI:
10.1520/D7177-05.
dients to form a polyvinyl chloride sheet material that meets all
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specified requirements for the end use of the product.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 This test is used to assure minimum peel strengths are
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. met through the entire seam area.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7177 – 05
TABLE 1 Pressure Required to Verify 15 lb/in. Seam Peel
5.5 This test measures the seam strength to 2.6 kN/m (15
Strength for PVC
lb/in. width minimum) peel strengths.
Sheet Sheet Air Air
5.6 Thisprocedureisbasedonanairchannelwidthof15.87
Temperature Temperature Pressure Pressure Hold Time
6 3.17 mm (0.625 6 0.125 in.). For air channels greater or
°C °F KPa PSI
lesser in lay flat width use the formula below to calculate hoop
4.5 40 414 60 30 seconds
stress.
7 45 386 56 30 seconds
10 50 358 52 30 seconds
5.7 Hoop Stress (Barlow’s Formula)—The stress in a chan-
13 55 324 47 30 seconds
nelwallactingcircumferentiallyinaplaneperpendiculartothe
15.5 60 290 42 30 seconds
longitudinal axis of the channel and produced by the pressure
18 65 276 40 30 seconds
21 70 248 36 30 seconds
of the air in the channel.
24 75 234 34 30 seconds
5.7.1 Hoop Stress Calculation:
26.5 80 200 29 30 seconds
29.5 85 186 27 30 seconds
PD
S 5 (1)
32 90 172 25 30 seconds
2t
35 95 165 24 30 seconds
37.5 100 152 22 30 seconds
where:
40.5 105 138 20 30 seconds
S = hoop stress, psi,
43.5 110 131 19 30 seconds
P = internal pressure,
D = outside diameter of the channel, in., and
NOTE—Data for this chart is acquired from research papers in Section 2
t = normal wall thickness, in. and the bibliography.
6. Equipment
7.6 If the channel will not pressurize there is a leak in the
6.1 Sealing Equipment, appropriate to seal the two ends of
seam,providedairisnotleakingattheclamporairsupplytool.
the air channel.
7.7 Inspect the seam from the clamped end and locate the
6.2 Adevice is necessary to insert air into the open channel
leak area. Be
...