ASTM D4191-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Standard Test Method for Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high ratio of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure.
Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water except for those persons having an abnormal sodium metabolism, but water supplies in some areas contain sufficient sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets.
The use of sodium salts is common in industry; therefore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant quantities of sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even trace amounts of sodium are of concern.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line (see Test Method D 3561). Many workers have found that this test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use of this test method at this low level is dependent on the configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the experience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked reagent water. It is the analyst's responsibility to assure the validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids matrices.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4191–03
Standard Test Method for
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Sodium in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by Atomic
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Absorption Spectrophotometry
1.1 This test method covers the determination of low
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2
D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
amounts of sodium in waters having low solids content. The
D 5847 Practice for the Writing Quality Control Specifica-
applicable range of this test method is from 0.20 to 3.0 mg/L
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tions for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
when using the 589.6-nm resonance line. This range may be
extended upward by dilution of an appropriate aliquot of
3. Terminology
sample or by use of the less-sensitive 330.2-nm resonance line
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
(see Test Method D 3561). Many workers have found that this
method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
test method is reliable for sodium levels to 0.005 mg/L, but use
of this test method at this low level is dependent on the
4. Summary of Test Method
configuration of the aspirator and nebulizer system available in
4.1 Sodium is determined by flame atomic absorption spec-
the atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as the expe-
trophotometry.The sodium content is determined by aspirating
rience and skill of the analyst. The precision and bias data
the low solids sample directly with no sample pretreatment.
presented are insufficient to justify use of this test method in
the 0.005 to 0.20-mg/L range.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with spiked
5.1 Sodium salts are very soluble, and sodium leached from
reagent water. It is the analyst’s responsibility to assure the
soil and rocks tends to remain in solution. Water with a high
validity of the test method to other low dissolved solids
ratio of sodium to calcium is deleterious to soil structure.
matrices.
5.2 Sodium is not particularly significant in potable water
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
except for those persons having an abnormal sodium metabo-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
lism, but water supplies in some areas contain sufficient
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sodium to be a factor in the planning of sodium-free diets.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 The use of sodium salts is common in industry; there-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fore, many industrial wastewaters contain significant quantities
of sodium. For high-pressure boiler feed-water even trace
2. Referenced Documents
amounts of sodium are of concern.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
6. Interferences
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D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
6.1 In the analysis of low-solids water, interferences are
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
usually negligible.
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and Steam in Closed Conduits
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
7. Apparatus
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for use at 589.6
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Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
nm.
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D 3370 Practice for SamplingWater from Closed Conduits
D 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium NOTE 1—The manufacturer’s instructions should be followed for all
instrumental parameters. Wavelengths other than 589.6 nm may be used
only if they have been determined to be equally suitable.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
7.2 Sodium Hollow-Cathode Lamps—Multielement hollow
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
cathode lamps are available and also have been found satis-
in Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published January 2003. Originally factory.
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 4191 – 97.
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Platte, J.A., and Marcy,V. M., “ANewTool for theWater Chemist,” Industrial
Water Engineering, May 1965.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4191–03
TABLE 1 Determination of Bias for Sodium in Reagent Water by
7.3 Oxidant: Air, which has been passed through a suitable
Atomic Absorption
fil
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