ASTM B452-93(1998)E1

Standard Specification for Copper-Clad Steel Wire for Electronic Application

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers bare round copper-clad steel wire for electronic application.
1.2 Four classes of copper-clad steel wire are covered as follows:
1.2.1 Class 30HS—Nominal 30 % conductivity hard-drawn,
1.2.2 Class 30A—Nominal 30 % conductivity annealed,
1.2.3 Class 40—HSNominal 40 % conductivity hard-drawn, and
1.2.4 Class 40ANominal 40 % conductivity annealed.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in SI units.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-2002
• ICS: 29.060.10 - Wires
• Technical Committee: B01 - Electrical Conductors
• Drafting Committee: B01.06 - Bi-Metallic Conductors

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM B452-02 - Standard Specification for Copper-Clad Steel Wire for Electronic Application
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B520-12(2017) - Standard Specification for Tin-Coated, Copper-Clad Steel Wire for Electronic Application
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B501-10(2019) - Standard Specification for Silver-Coated, Copper-Clad Steel Wire for Electronic Application
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002
• Referred By: ASTM B559-12(2017) - Standard Specification for Nickel-Coated, Copper-Clad Steel Wire for Electronic Application
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: B 452 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Specification for
Copper-Clad Steel Wire for Electronic Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in March 1998.
1. Scope 3.1.4 Packaging and shipping (Section 10),
3.1.5 If inspection is required (see 6.3.3), and
1.1 This specification covers bare round copper-clad steel
3.1.6 Place of inspection (see 6.1).
wire for electronic application.
1.2 Four classes of copper-clad steel wire are covered as
4. Material
follows:
4.1 The wire shall consist of a core of homogeneous
1.2.1 Class 30HS—Nominal 30 % conductivity hard-
open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen steel with a
drawn,
continuous outer cladding of copper thoroughly bonded to the
1.2.2 Class 30A—Nominal 30 % conductivity annealed,
core throughout and shall be of such quality as to meet the
1.2.3 Class 40HS—Nominal 40 % conductivity hard-
requirements of this specification (Note 1).
drawn, and
1.2.4 Class 40A—Nominal 40 % conductivity annealed.
NOTE 1—The copper-clad steel wire provides a high-strength conductor
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded for use in wire and cable where greater strength is required and a lower
conductivity can be tolerated. At high frequencies the reduced conductiv-
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in SI units.
ity is less pronounced due to concentration of the current in the outer
periphery of the wire. Minimum thickness of 6 % and 10 % of the radius
2. Referenced Documents
for 30 and 40 % conductivity material, respectively, has been established
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
to facilitate the inspection of thickness on fine wires.
date of material purchase form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced herein:
5. General Requirements
2.2 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Tensile Strength and Elongation—The copper-clad steel
B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor
wire shall conform to the tensile strength and elongation
Materials
requirements of Table 1. For intermediate sizes not listed in
B 258 Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and
Table 1, the elongation requirements of the next smaller size
Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires
shall apply; in the case of tensile strength, the requirements of
Used as Electrical Conductors
the next larger size shall apply.
2.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology:
5.2 Resistivity—The electrical resistivity at a temperature of
NBS Handbook 100—Copper Wire Tables
20°C shall not exceed the values prescribed in Table 2. See
Note 2 for calculating electrical resistance.
3. Ordering Information
NOTE 2—Relationships which may be useful in connection with the
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
values of electrical resistivity prescribed in this specification are shown in
the following information:
Table 3. Resistivity units are based on the International Annealed Copper
3.1.1 Quantity of each size and class,
Standard (IACS) adopted by IEC in 1913, which is ⁄58 V·mm /m at 20°C
3.1.2 Wire size, diameter in inches (see 5.3 and Table 1), 2
for 100 % conductivity. The value of 0.017241 V·mm /m and the value of
3.1.3 Class of wire (see 1.2 and Table 1),
0.15328 V·g/m at 20°C are respectively the international equivalent of
volume and weight resistivity of annealed copper equal to 100 %
conductivity. The latter term means that a copper wire 1 in. in length and
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-1 on
weighing 1 g would have a resistance of 0.15328 V. This is equivalent to
Electrical Conductors and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B01.06 on
a resistivity value of 875.20V· lb/mile , which signifies the resistance of
Composite Conductors.
a copper wire 1 mile in length weighing 1 lb. It is also equivalent, for
Current edition approved July 15, 1993. Published September 1993. Originally
example, to 1.7241 μV/cm of length of a copper bar 1 cm in cross section.
published as B 452 – 67. Last previous edition B 452 – 88e .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03. A complete discussion of this subject is contained in NBS Handbook 100.
Available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
The use of five significant figures in expressing resistivity does not imply
Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B 452
TABLE 1 Tensile and Elongation Requirements
Elongation, min.
Diameter Cross-Sectional Area at 20°C Tensile Strength, psi (kgf/mm ) %in10in.
(250 mm)
Class Class
2 2
in. mm cmil in. mm Class 30HS, min Class 30A, min Class 40HS, min Class 40A, min 30HS and 30A and
40HS 40A
0.0720 1.83 5180 0.00407 2.63 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.5 15
0.0641 1.63 4110 0.00323 2.08 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.5 15
0.0571 1.45 3260 0.00256 1.65 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.5 15
0.0508 1.29 2580 0.00203 1.31 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.5 15
0.0453 1.15 2050 0.00161 1.04 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.5 15
0.0403 1.02 1620 0.00128 0.823 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.0 15
0.0359 0.912 1290 0.00101 0.653 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.0 15
0.0320 0.813 1020 0.000804 0.519 127 000 (89.3) 50 000 (35.2) 110 000 (77.3) 45 000 (31.6) 1.0 15
0.0285 0.724 812 0.000638 0.412 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 15
0.0253 0.643 640 0.000503 0.324 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 15
0.0226 0.574 511 0.000401 0.259 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 15
0.0201 0.511 404 0.00317 0.205 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0179 0.455 320 0.000252 0.162 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0159 0.404 253 0.000199 0.128 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0142 0.361 202 0.000158 0.102 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0126 0.320 159 0.000125 0.0804 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0113 0.287 128 0.000100 0.0647 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0100 0.254 100 0.0000785 0.0507 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0089 0.226 79.2 0.0000622 0.0401 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0080 0.203 64.0 0.0000503 0.0324 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0071 0.180 50.4 0.0000396 0.0255 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0063 0.160 39.7 0.0000312 0.0201 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0056 0.142 31.4 0.0000246 0.0159 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0050 0.127 25.0 0.0000196 0.0127 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0045 0.114 20.2 0.0000159 0.0103 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0040 0.102 16.0 0.0000126 0.00811 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0035 0.089 12.2 0.00000962 0.00621 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
0.0031 0.079 9.61 0.00000755 0.00487 127 000 (89.3) 55 000 (38.7) 110 000 (77.3) 50 000 (35.2) 1.0 10
TABLE 2 Resistivity, max, at 20°C
5.4 Adhesion and Other Defects—The copper-clad steel
Class of Wire V·mm /m wire, when tested in accordance with 7.4, shall not reveal any
30HS and 30A 0.05862 (0.058616)
seams, pits, slivers, or other imperfection of sufficient magni-
40HS and 40A 0.04397 (0.043970)
tude to indicate inherent defects or imperfections. Examination
of the wire at the break with the unaided eye (normal spectacles
excepted) shall show no separation of copper from the steel.
the need for greater accuracy of measurement than that specified in Test
5.5 Joints—Necessary joints in the wire and rods prior to
Method B 193. The use of five significant figures is required for complete
final drawing shall be made in accordance with good commer-
reversible conversion from one set of resistivity units to another.
cial practice. The finished wire shall contain no joints or splices
5.3 Dimensions and Permissible Variations—The wire sizes
made at finished size.
shall be expressed as the diameter of the wire in decimal
5.6 Finish—The wire shall be free from copper discontinui-
fractions of an inch to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.003 mm) (Note
ties and all imperfections not consistent with good commercial
3). For diameters under 0.0100 in. (0.254 mm), the wire shall
practice (see 7.5).
not vary from the specified diameter by more than 60.0001 in.
5.7 Copper Thickness—The minimum copper thickness due
(0.003 mm) and for diameters of 0.0100 in. (0.254 mm) and
to eccentricity shall be not less than the following:
over, the wire shall not vary from the specified diameter by
5.7.1 The 30 % conductivity wire shall have a minimum
more than 61 %, expressed to the nearest 0.0001 in. (0.003
thickness of not less than 6 % of the wire radius.
mm).
5.7.2 The 40 % conductivity wire shall have a minimum
NOTE 3—The values of the wire diameters in Table 1 are given to the
thickness of not less than 10 % of the wire radius (see 7.6 and
nearest 0.0001 in. (0.003 mm) and correspond to the standard sizes given
Note 3).
in Specification B 258. The use of gage numbers to specify wire sizes is
not recognized in this specification because of the possibility of confusion.
6. Inspection
An excellent discussion of wire gages and related subjects is contained in
NBS Handbook 100. 6.1 General—All tests and inspections shall be made at the
B 452
TABLE 3 Equivalent Resistivity Values
IACS Resistivity Equivalents at 20°C
Volume Conduc-
Class Volume Mass
tivity at 20°C, %
2 2 2
V·mm /m V·cmil/ft μV·in. μV·cm V·lb/ mile V·g/m
40A and 40HS 39.210 0.043970 26.45 1.7312 4.3970 2046.3 0.35836
30A and 30HS 29.413 0.058616 35.26 2.3078 5.8616 2727.8 0.47772
place of manufacture unless otherwise agreed upon between
TABLE 4 Sampling for Surface Finish and Packaging Inspection
the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the purchase.
No. of Units in Lot No. of Units Allowable No. of
The manufacturer shall afford the inspector representing the
in Sample, n Defective Units, c
purchaser all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the
1 to 30, incl All 0
material is being furnished in accordance with this specifica-
31 to 50, incl 30 0
tion (Note 4).
51 to 100, incl 37 0
101 to 200, incl 40 0
NOTE 4—Cumulative results secured on the product of a single manu-
201 to 300, incl 70 1
facturer, indicating continued conformance to the criteria, are necessary to
301 to 500, incl 100 2
501 to 800, incl 130 3
ensure an over-all product meeting the requirements of this specification.
Over 800 155 4
The sample sizes and conformance criteria given for the various charac-
teristics are applicable only to lots produced under these conditions.
6.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed by the manufacturer and the
expressed in pounds per square inch (or kilograms-force per
purchaser, conformance of the wire to the various requirements
square millimetre), shall be obtained by dividing the maximum
listed in Section 5 shall be determined on samples taken from
load carried by the specimen during the tension test, by the
each lot of wire presented for acceptance.
original cross-sectional area of the specimen. Tensile strength
6.1.2 The manufacturer shall, if requested prior to inspec-
and elongation may be determined simultaneously on the same
tion, certify that all wire in the lot was made under such
specimen.
conditions that the product as a whole conforms to the
7.1.1 For Classes 30A and 40A, the elongation of wire may
requirements of this specification as determined by regularly
be determined as the permanent increase in length, expressed
made and recorded tests.
in percent of the original length, due to the breaking of the wire
6.2 Definitions:
in tension, measured between gage marks placed originally 10
6.2.1 lot—any amount of wire of one class and size pre-
in. (250 mm) apart upon the test specimen (Note 6). The
sented for acceptance at one time, such amount, however, not
elongation of wire shall be determined as described above or
to exceed 10 000 lb (4500 kg) (Note 5).
by measurements made between the jaws of the testing
NOTE 5—A lot should comprise material taken from a product regularly
machine. When the latter method is used, the zero length shall
meeting the requirements of this specification. Inspection of individual
be the distance between the jaws at the start of the tension test
lots of less than 500 lb (230 kg) of wire cannot be justified economically.
when 10 % of the minimum specified breaking load has been
For small lots of 500 lb (230 kg) or less, the purchaser may agree to the
applied and be as near 10 in. (250 mm) as practicable, and the
manufacturer’s regular inspection of the product as a whole as evidence of
final length shall be the distance between the jaws at the time
acceptability of such small lots.
of rupture. The fracture shall be between gage marks in the
6.2.2 sample—a quantity of production units (coils, reels,
case of specimens so marked or between the jaws of the testing
etc.) selected at random from the lot for the purpose of
machine and not closer than 1 in. (25 mm) to either gage mark
determining conformance of the lot to the requirements of this
or either jaw.
specification.
6.2.3 specimen—a length of wire removed for test purposes NOTE 6—It is known that the rate of loading during tension testing
affects the performance of the sample to a greater or lesser extent
from any individual production unit of the sample.
depending upon many factors. In general, tested values of tensile strength
6.3 Sample Size—The number of production units in a
are increased and tested values of elongation are reduced with increase of
sample (see Note 4) shall be as follows:
speed of the moving head of the testing machine. In the case of tests on
6.3.1 For tensile strength, elongation, resistivity, and adhe-
soft
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