ASTM D2041/D2041M-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The theoretical maximum specific gravities and densities of bituminous paving mixtures are fundamental properties whose values are influenced by the composition of the mixture in terms of types and amounts of aggregates and bituminous materials.
Maximum specific gravity is used (1) in the calculation of air voids in the compacted bituminous paving mixture, (2) in calculating the amount of bitumen absorbed by the aggregate, and (3) to provide target values for the compaction of paving mixtures.
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Standard Practice are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Practice or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted bituminous paving mixtures at 25°C [77°F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Residual pressure measurements are shown in both the SI unit of kPa and the commonly used non-standard equivalent unit of “mm of Hg”.
1.2.2 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice when performing this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2041/D2041M −11
Standard Test Method for
Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of
1
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2041/D2041M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the theo-
3
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
retical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted
bituminous paving mixtures at 25°C [77°F].
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1 The terms “specific gravity” and “density” used in this
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
test method are in accordance with Terminology E12.
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2.1 density, as determined by this test method—the mass
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
of a cubic meter of the material at 25°C [77°F] in SI units.
with the standard.
1.2.1 Residualpressuremeasurementsareshowninboththe
3.2.2 residual pressure, as employed by this test method—
SI unit of kPa and the commonly used non-standard equivalent
the pressure in a vacuum vessel when vacuum is applied.
unit of “mm of Hg”.
3.2.3 specific gravity, as determined by this test method—
1.2.2 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in
the ratio of a given mass of material at 25°C [77°F] to the mass
SI units because they are the only units typically used in
of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.
practice when performing this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dry paving mixture in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
loose condition is placed in a tared vacuum vessel. Sufficient
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
water at a temperature of 25°C [77°F] is added to completely
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
submerge the sample. Vacuum is gradually applied to reduce
the residual pressure in the vacuum vessel to 4 kPa [30 mm of
2. Referenced Documents
Hg] or less and then held for 15 6 2 min. At the end of the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vacuum period, the vacuum is gradually released. The volume
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
of the sample of paving mixture is obtained by immersing the
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
vacuum container with the sample in a water bath and
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
weighing or by filling the vacuum container level full of water
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
and weighing in air. Both the temperature and mass are
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
measured at this time. From these mass and volume
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
measurements, the specific gravity or density at 25°C [77 °F]
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
is calculated.
Construction Materials Testing
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The theoretical maximum specific gravities and densi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
ties of bituminous paving mixtures are fundamental properties
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures. whose values are influenced by the composition of the mixture
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally
in terms of types and amounts of aggregates and bituminous
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2041 – 03A. DOI:
materials.
10.1520/D2041_D2041M–11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2041/D2041M−11
NOTE 3—Residual pressure in the vacuum vessel in millimeters of
5.1.1 Maximum specifi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2041–03a Designation: D2041/D2041M – 11
Standard Test Method for
Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of
1
Bituminous Paving Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2041/D2041M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the determination of the theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted
bituminous paving mixtures at 25°C (77°F).
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted
bituminous paving mixtures at 25°C [77°F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Residual pressure measurements are shown in both the SI unit of kPa and the commonly used non-standard equivalent
unit of “mm of Hg”.
1.2.2 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice
when performing this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms “specific gravity” and “density” used in this test method are in accordance with Terminology E12.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 density, as determined by this test method—the mass of a cubic metremeter of the material at 25°C (77°F)[77°F] in SI
units.
3.2.2 residual pressure, as employed by this test method—the pressure in a vacuum vessel when vacuum is applied.
3.2.3 specific gravity, as determined by this test method—the ratio of a given mass of material at 25°C (77°F)[77°F] to the mass
of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of Bituminous Mixtures.
Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2003.2011. Published December 2003.March 2011. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as
D2041 – 03A. DOI: 10.1520/D2041-03A.10.1520/D2041_D2041M–11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2041/D2041M – 11
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dry paving mixture in the loose condition is placed in a tared vacuum vessel. Sufficient water
at a temperature of 25°C (77°F)[77°F] is added to completely submerge the sample. Vacuum is gradually applied to reduce the
residual pressure in the vacuum vessel to 4 kPa (30[30 mm of Hg)Hg] or less and then held for 15 6 2 min. At the end of the
vacuum period, the vacuum is gradually released. The volume of the sample of paving mixture is obtained by immersing the
vacuum cont
...
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