ASTM C1594-04

Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of polyimide foam insulation with nominal densities from 2.0 lb/ft 3 to 8.0 lb/ft3 (32 kg/m3 to 128 kg/m 3) and intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for temperatures from 423°F to +600°F (253°C to +316°C) in commercial and industrial environments.
1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marine applications.
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification and not a design document.
1.1.3 The values stated in are not to be used as design values. It is the buyers responsibility to specify design requirements and obtain supporting documentation from the material supplier.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units are given in parentheses for information only and are approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.Note 1
The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the subject of this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2004
• ICS: 83.100 - Cellular materials
• ICS: 91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
• Technical Committee: C16 - Thermal Insulation
• Drafting Committee: C16.22 - Organic and Nonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C1594-07 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-May-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C1774-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Thermal Performance Testing of Cryogenic Insulation Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1558-19 - Standard Guide for Development of Standard Data Records for Computerization of Thermal Transmission Test Data for Thermal Insulation
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C 1594 – 04
Standard Specification for
Polyimide Rigid Cellular Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
Insulation Lots
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical
C411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
propertiesofpolyimidefoaminsulationwithnominaldensities
3 3 3 3
Temperature Thermal Insulation
from 2.0 lb/ft to 8.0 lb/ft (32 kg/m to 128 kg/m ) and
C447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-
intended for use as thermal and sound-isolating insulation for
ture of Thermal Insulations
temperatures from −423°F to +600°F (−253°C to +316°C) in
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
commercial and industrial environments.
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
1.1.1 The annex shall apply to this specification for marine
the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
applications.
C634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification
C665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Insulation
and not a design document.
for Light Frame Construction and Manufactured Housing
1.1.3 The values stated in Tables 1 and 2 are not to be used
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission
as design values. It is the buyer’s responsibility to specify
Properties from Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements
design requirements and obtain supporting documentation
C1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating
from the material supplier.
and Reporting Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
C1114 TestMethodforSteady-StateThermalTransmission
as the standard. The SI units are given in parentheses for
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
information only and are approximate.
C1482 SpecificationsforPolyimideFlexibleCellularTher-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D543 Test Method for Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Reagents
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
D1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties Of Rigid
NOTE 1—Thesubjectmatterofthismaterialspecificationisnotcovered
Cellular Plastics
by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard
D2126 TestMethodforResponseofRigidCellularPlastics
covering the subject of this standard.
to Thermal and Humid Aging
D2856 Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cel-
2. Referenced Documents
lular Plastics by the Air Pycnometer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat-Flux Measure-
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
D3574 TestMethodsforFlexibleCellularMaterials—Slab,
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams
C335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-
E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
ties of Horizontal Pipe Insulation
Building Materials
E96 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on rials
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
Organic and Non-homogenous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004.
Generated by Solid Materials
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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C1594–04
E2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of 6. Physical Properties
Pipe and Duct Insulation to Access Surface Burning
6.1 The insulation shall conform to the requirements in
Characteristics
Tables 1 and 2 for each type, unless specifically stated
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
otherwise by agreement between the supplier and the pur-
FAR 25.853(a), Appendix F, Part 1, (a) (1) (i) Test Criteria chaser. Tests shall be made in accordance with the methods
and Procedures for Showing Compliance with Sec.
specified in 11.1-11.18.
25.853, or 25.855 6.1.1 Upper Temperature Limit—Upper temperature limit
2.3 Private Sector Standards:
shallbedeterminedaccordingto11.4attheintendedmaximum
use temperature for the application or at a temperature deter-
BoeingBSS7239 TestMethodforToxicGasGenerationby
mined by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.
Materials on Combustion
6.1.2 Burning Characteristics—The uncoated and unfaced
foam shall conform to the requirements in Tables 1 and 2 for
3. Terminology
eachtype,whentestedinaccordancewith11.13-11.18,without
3.1 Definitions—Termsusedinthisspecificationaredefined
theuseofflame/smokeorheatsuppressantbarriersorcoatings.
in Terminology C168, Terminology C634, and Terminology
E176.Inthecaseofaconflict,TerminologyC168shallbethe
7. Workmanship and Appearance
dominant authority.
7.1 The slab offered as saleable material shall be free of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
foreign materials and defects that will adversely affect its
3.2.1 slab—a rectangular section, piece, or sheet of foam
performance in service as agreed upon by the supplier and
that is cut from a bun, or block of foam.
customer.
3.2.2 polyimide foam—a cellular product in which the
bonds formed between monomers during polymerization are
8. Sampling
imide or amide bonds. The theoretical mole fraction of imide
8.1 Sampling—The insulation shall be sampled in accor-
bonds must be greater than the theoretical mole fraction of
dancewithrequirementsofPracticeC390.Otherwise,specific
amide bonds.
provisions for sampling shall be as agreed upon between the
user and the supplier.
4. Classification
8.2 Specimen—For polyimide foam insulation, specimens
4.1 The polyimide cellular insulations of the specification
of dimensions 12 by 12 by 1 in. (300 by 300 by 25 mm) are
are classified into Types I and II. Type I is manufactured
sufficient for purposes of acceptance inspection of samples.
polyimidefoamwithaclosedcellcontentofgreaterthan75%
and Type II is open celled polyimide foam with a closed cell
9. Qualification Requirements
content of less than 20%. The polyimide cellular insulation is
9.1 Due to the highly varied applications in which the
further classified into grades according to density.
productsareused,qualificationrequirementsshallbeasagreed
3 3
4.1.1 Grade 1—Densities to 8.0 lb/ft (128 kg/m ).
upon between the user and the supplier. The following prop-
3 3
4.1.2 Grade 2—Densities to 6.0 lb/ft (96 kg/m ).
erties are generally employed for initial material or product
3 3
4.1.3 Grade 3—Densities to 3.0 lb/ft (48 kg/m )
qualification:
4.2 Type II polyimide cellular insulation is further divided
9.1.1 Upper Temperature Limit,
into Classes 1 and 2 based on upper use temperature.
9.1.2 Apparent Thermal Conductivity at 75°F (24°C),
9.1.3 Tensile Strength,
NOTE 2—Type II Class 1 and 2 recommended upper use temperatures
9.1.4 Water and Gas Permeability (Type I), and
are 600°F and 400°F (316°C and 204°C) respectfully.
9.1.5 Percent Closed Cell (Type I).
5. Materials and Manufacture
10. Inspection
5.1 Polyimide foam shall be manufactured from the appro-
10.1 The requirements shall be as agreed upon between the
priate monomers, and necessary compounding ingredients to
conform to 3.2.2. userandthesupplier.Thefollowingrequirementsaregenerally
employed for acceptance sampling of lots or shipments of
5.2 Type I materials can prepared by foaming in a closed
qualified polyimide foam insulation:
mold while Type II materials can be prepared by compressing
10.1.1 Density,
polyimide foams of the type specified in Specification C1482.
10.1.2 Apparent Thermal Conductivity at 75°F (24°C), and
NOTE 3—Polyimide foam products made using different monomers are
10.1.3 Percent Closed Cell (Type I).
not equivalent, which can effect physical properties.
10.2 As agreed to by the purchaser and the manufacturer,
the inspection of the material shall be made at either the point
of shipment or point of delivery.
Federal Aviation Regulations Part 25 (Airworthiness Standards, Transport
11. Test Methods
CategoryAircraft,andSection25.853.ProcedureinappendixF,PartI(a)(1)(i)and
(ii).AvailablefromSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice
11.1 Sample Preparation:
P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954.
11.1.1 Incaseswherethematerialiscutintopipeinsulation
Available from Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Material Division, P.O.
Box 3707, Seattle, WA 98124-2207. and other shapes without further treatment, slab foam test
C1594–04
results are generally representative. If other processes are used 11.10 SteamAging—TestMethodD3574,ProcedureJ1and
for specific applications, it is recommended that qualification Test E.
testing be conducted using slab specimens, and that physical 11.11 Corrosiveness—Test Method in Specification C665.
inspection testing be conducted on the processed material. 11.12 Chemical Resistance—Test Method D543, Practice
A,ProcedureIatroomtemperaturewithreagents6.3.8,6.3.40,
11.1.2 Tests for physical and mechanical properties shall be
carriedoutatatemperatureof73.4 63.6°F(23 62°C)andat 6.3.46, 6.3.50, aviation turbine fuel grade JP-5 and ethylene
glycolantifreezefromTable1,andSKYDROLhydraulicfluid.
a relative humidity of 50 6 5%. Thermal and flammability
tests shall be carried out at conditions specified in the appli- Final weight and dimensions are to be determined 24 h after
removal from immersion.
cable test methods.
11.13 Vertical Burn—Test Method FAR 25.853, Appendix
11.2 Density—Test Method D3574, Test A.
F, Part 1, (a) (1) (i).
11.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity—TestMethodsC177,
11.14 Specific Optical Smoke Density—Test Method E662.
C 1114,or C518 in conjunction with Practice C1045. Test
11.15 Toxic Gas Generation—Boeing BSS 7239.
Method C518 shall not be used at temperatures or resistances
11.16 Surface Burning Characteristics—Test MethodE84
other than those in the range of the calibration. Test tempera-
andformaterialusedinpipeandductapplicationsusePractice
tures shall be chosen in accordance with Table 3 of Practice
E2231.
C1058. Use the large temperature difference recommended in
11.17 ⁄4 Scale Room Burn Test—See Annex A1.
Table 3 of Practice C1058 for temperatures between 25 and
11.18 Oxygen Index—Test Method D2863.
110°F (−4 and 43°C); for mean temperatures under 25°F
(−4°C) and over 110°F (43°C) use the smaller temperature
12. Certification
difference. For pipe insulations use Test Method C335.
12.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
11.4 Upper Temperature Limit—Test Method C411 and
purchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre-
Practice C447 shall be used at the maximum use temperature
sentingeachlothavebeeneithertestedorinspectedasdirected
of the insulation and at maximum design thickness. No special
inthisspecificationandtherequirementshavebeenmet.When
requirements for heat-up shall be specified by the manufac-
specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test
turer. The foam shall not flame, glow, smolder, smoke, soften,
results shall be furnished. For the purpose of this specification,
collapse, melt or drip during hot surface exposure.
a lot consists of all material of the same type manufactured in
11.5 High Temperature Stability—Test Method D2126 in-
one unchanged production run and offered for delivery at the
corporatingTestMethodD638.UseTestMethodD2126,with
same time.
a modified test temperature of 572°F (300°C) as shown in
Tables 1 and 2. Test before and after aging using Test Method
13. Packaging and Package Marking
D638, Type III specimens.
13.1 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified, the insulation
11.6 Compressive Strength—Test Method D1621.
shall be supplied in the manufacturer’s standard commercial
11.7 Compressive Force Deflection—Test Methods D3574,
packaging.
Test C.
13.2 Marking—Unless otherwise specified, each container
11.8 Percent Closed Cells—Test Method D2856 incorpo-
shall be plainly marked with the manufacturer’s name, the
rating Test Method B—Determination of Open Cell Content,
productname,trademark,andthemanufacturer’saddress,with
CorrectingforCellsOpenedinSpecimenPreparation.Thetest
dimensions and/or volumes expressed in units agreed upon by
specimenshallbeacubehavinganominaldimensionof0.984
the supplier and customer.
by 0.984 by 0.984 in. (25 by 25 by 25 mm). Unless otherwise
14. Keywords
agreed upon, at least five specimens, selected at random, shall
be tested. Each cube will be dissected along planes parallel to 14.1 cellular insulation; closed cell; pipe insulation; poly-
the sides of each cube.
imide; ship insulation; thermal insulation; thermal protection
11.9 Water Vapor Transmission—Test MethodE96. systems
C1594–04
TABLE 1 Polyimide Foam Classification (inch pound)
Type II Type II Type II Type II Type II Type II
Type I Type I Type I
Property Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3
Class 1 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2 Class 2 Class 2
Density, lb/ft (max) 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 8.0 6.0 3.0
Thermal Conductivity,
Btu-in./h-ft -°F (max)
-238°F NA NA NA NA NA 0.048 NA NA NA
-150°F NA NA NA NA NA 0.036 NA NA NA
-50°F NA NA NA NA NA 0.096 NA NA NA
24°F 0.230 0.220 0.210 NA NA 0.180 NA NA NA
65°F 0.248 0.238 0.220 NA NA 0.228 NA NA NA
75°F 0.250 0.240 0.240 0.260 0.250 0.246 0.234 0.250 0.225
100°F 0.260 0.250 0.250 NA NA 0.264 NA NA NA
150°F 0.280 0.270 0.270 NA NA 0.324 NA NA NA
200°F 0.305 0.295 0.300 NA NA 0.396 NA NA NA
300°F NA NA NA NA NA 0.516 NA NA NA
572°F NA NA NA NA NA 0.876 NA NA NA
Upper Temperature Limit – test temperature for C 411, °F 600 600 600 600 600 600 400 400 400
High Temperature Stability–%ofinitial tensile strength retained NA NA NA NA NA 95 NA NA
...