ASTM D4723-99

Standard Index of and Descriptions of Textile Heat and Flammability Test Methods and Performance Specifications

SCOPE
1.1 This index provides reference tables of test methods and performance specifications used in the United States of America and Canada for measuring and describing the properties of textiles and textile products or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. Military specifications are not included in the listing. Related but separately published sampling plans are not included. Important criteria associated with each item listed is provided in tabular form.  
1.2 The index in Tables 1 and 2 identifies three categories:  
1.2.1 Category A -Test methods and specifications limited to the textile product(s) for which the test method or specification, or both, were developed originally.  
1.2.2 Category B -Test methods and specifications in which the textile product under evaluation is different from that identified with the original test method or specification, or both. The test method or specification, or both, may or may not have been modified from the corresponding material in the originating document.  
1.2.3 Category C -Research test methods, specifications, and related documents designed to measure or describe the response of textiles to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions but not associated with either mandatory or voluntary conformance in connection with any specific textile end use.  
1.2.3.1 Although some research test methods are not included, the listing is reasonably complete for textile items of commerce.  
1.3 All published ASTM textile methods are included as well as methods useful for, but not necessarily intended exclusively for, textiles.  
1.4 Some documents are included solely because they may be useful for reference or research purposes.  
1.5 ASTM assumes no responsibility for the suitability of the listed test methods and performance specifications to describe or appraise the fire hazard of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. Inclusion in this listing does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-1999
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.52 - Flammability

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D4723-07 - Standard Classification Index of and Descriptions of Textile Flammability Test Methods
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F1358/F1358M-20 - Standard Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Materials Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily for Flame Resistance
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4723 – 99
Standard Index of and Descriptions of
Textile Heat and Flammability Test Methods and
Performance Specifications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4723; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope assemblies under actual fire conditions. Inclusion in this listing
does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
1.1 This index provides reference tables of test methods and
performance specifications used in the United States of
2. Referenced Documents
America and Canada for measuring and describing the prop-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
erties of textiles and textile products or assemblies in response
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions.
D 4391 Terminology Relating to the Burning Behavior of
Military specifications are not included in the listing. Related
Textiles
but separately published sampling plans are not included.
Important criteria associated with each item listed is provided
3. Terminology
in tabular form.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to burning
1.2 The index in Tables 1-76 and identifies three categories:
behavior, refer toTerminology D 4391. For definitions of other
1.2.1 Category A—Test methods and specifications limited
textile terms, refer to Terminology D 123.
to the textile product(s) for which the test method or specifi-
cation, or both, were developed originally.
4. Significance and Use
1.2.2 Category B—Test methods and specifications in
4.1 The information indexed provides the user with the
whichthetextileproductunderevaluationisdifferentfromthat
identification of test methods, performance specifications, and
identified with the original test method or specification, or
related documents pertaining to the flammability or response to
both.The test method or specification, or both, may or may not
heat of textiles. Enough information on each document is
have been modified from the corresponding material in the
abstracted to allow a judgment as to the potential usefulness of
originating document.
the original method or specification.
1.2.3 Category C—Research test methods, specifications,
and related documents designed to measure or describe the
5. Index of Documents
response of textiles to heat and flame under controlled labora-
5.1 USA Documents (Table 1):
tory conditions but not associated with either mandatory or
5.1.1 ASTM Standards :
voluntary conformance in connection with any specific textile
ID No.
end use.
D 1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles 1
1.2.3.1 Although some research test methods are not in-
D 1518 Test Method for Thermal Transmittance of Textile Materi- 2
als
cluded, the listing is reasonably complete for textile items of
D 2859 Test Method for Flammability of Finished Textile Floor 3
commerce.
Covering Materials
1.3 All published ASTM textile methods are included as
D 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Con- 4
centration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics
well as methods useful for, but not necessarily intended
(Oxygen Index)
exclusively for, textiles.
D 3411 Test Methods for Flammability of Textile Materials 5
1.4 Some documents are included solely because they may
D 3659 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Fabrics by Semi- 6
Restraint Method
be useful for reference or research purposes.
D 4108 Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Ma- 7
1.5 ASTM assumes no responsibility for the suitability of
terials for Clothing by Open-Flame Method
the listed test methods and performance specifications to
describe or appraise the fire hazard of materials, products, or
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
These identification numbers refer to the boldface identification numbers
This index and description is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-13
assigned each document.
on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammabil-
ity.
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally
e1
published as D 4723 – 87. Last previous edition D 4723 – 90(1993) .
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4723–99
4 4
ID No. ID No.
D 4151 Test Method for Flammability of Blankets 8 X.2 NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame- 38
D 4372 Specification for Flame-Resistant Materials Used in 9 Resistant Textiles and Films (as applied to Tents, Tarpaulin,
Camping Tentage and Other Protective Coverings)
D 4391 Terminology Relating to the Burning Behavior of Textiles 10 X.2 NFPA 702 Standard for Classification of the Flammability of 39
E 286 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building Materials 11 Wearing Apparel (as applied to Tents, Tarpaulin and other Pro-
tective Coverings)
Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace
E 662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Gener- 12 UFAC 83 UFAC Test Methods-83 Six individual tests: Fabric 40
Classification Test Method; Interior Fabrics Test Method; Bar-
ated by Solid Materials
E 906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates 13 rier Test Method; Filling/Padding Component Test Method; Welt
Core Test Method; Decking Materials Test Method (UFAC)
for Materials and Products
F 501 Test Method for Aerospace Materials Response to Flame, 14 BIFMA F-1-78 First Generation Voluntary Upholstery Furniture. 41
Flammability Standard for Business and Institutional Markets:
With Vertical Test Specimen (For Aerospace Vehicles Standard
Conditions) A. Small Flame Ignition; B. Cigarette Ignition
5.1.2 City and State Regulations: 5.1.7 National Bureau of Standards (NBS):
BFD IX-1 Classification Fire Test 15 Proposed Test Method for Heat Release Measurement by Oxy- 42
Fire Dept. Advisory Safety Provisions: Office Furniture and Fur- gen Consumption
nishings A) [FTMS 191 Method 5903 (modified)]; B) ASTM Test Method for the Assessment of the Acute Inhalation Toxicity 43
E84 (Tunnel Test) or C) ASTM E162-67 Radiant Panel Test of Combustion Products
Specification Governing the Flammability of Upholstery Material 17
5.1.8 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):
and Plastic Furniture 1) FTMS 191 Method 5903 (Modified)
and 2) ASTM E84 and E162
NFPA 253 Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of 44
Tech. Bull. 116 Requirements, Test Procedures and Apparatus 18
Floor Covering Systems Using Radiant Heat Energy Source
for Testing the Flame Retardance of Upholstered Furniture
NFPA 260A Standard Method of Test and Classification Sys- 45
Tech. Bull. 117 Requirements, Test Procedures and Apparatus 19
tem for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Up-
for Testing the Flame Retardancy of Resilient Filling Materials
holstered Furniture
Used in Upholstered Furniture
NFPA 260B Standard Method of Test for Determining Resis- 46
Fire Dept. Advisory Safety Provisions: Office Furniture and Fur- 20
tance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies
nishings
to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes
Specification Governing the Flammability of Upholstery Materi- 21
NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame-Resistant 47
als and Plastic Furniture
Textiles and Films
Title 19 Flame-Retardant Chemicals and Fabrics 22
NFPA 702 Flammability of Wearing Apparel 48
Tech. Bull. 133 Flammability Test Procedure for Seating Furni- 23
NFPA 1971 Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fighting 49
ture for Use in High Risk and Public Occupancies
5.1.9 Underwriter’s Laboratory (UL):
5.1.3 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC):
UL 964 Safety Standard for Electrically Heated Bedding 50
16 CFR 1610 Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles 24
(General Wearing Apparel)
5.2 Canadian Documents (Table 2):
16 CFR 1611 Standard for the Flammability of Vinyl Plastic Films 25
5.2.1 Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB):
(General Wearing Apparel)
16 CFR 1615 Standard for the Flammability of Children’s Sleep- 26 CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27–M82 Textile Test Methods Flame 1C
wear: Sizes 0 Through 6X (FF 3-71) Resistance—Selection of Methods
16 CFR 1616 Standard for the Flammability of Children’s Sleep- 27
CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27.1–M87 Textile Test Methods Flame 2C
wear: Sizes 7 Through 14 (FF 5-74)
Resistance—Vertical Burn-
16 CFR 1630 Standard for the Surface Flammability of Carpets 28
ing Test
and Rugs (FF 1-70)
CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27.2–M87 Textile Test Methods Flame 3C
16 CFR 1631 Standard for the Surface Flammability of Small Car- 29
Resistance—Surface Burning Test
pets and Rugs (FF 2-70)
CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27.3–M86 ISO 6941– 4C
16 CFR 1632 Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses (and 30
1984 Textile Test Methods—Burning Be-
Mattress Pads) (FF 4-72)
haviour—Measurement of Flame Spread Properties of Verti-
16 CFR 1633 DRAFT Proposed Standard for the Flammability 31
cally Oriented Specimens
(Cigarette Ignition Resistance) of Upholstered Furniture (PFF
CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27.4–M86 ISO 6940–1984 Textile Test 5C
6-81)
Methods—Burning Behaviour—Determination of Ease of Igni-
tion of Vertically Oriented Specimens
5.1.4 Department of Transportation (DOT, FAA, and
CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27.5–M87 Textile Test Methods—Flame 6C
MVSS):
Resistance—45° Angle Test—One Second Flame Impingement
FAA 25.853 (a) and (b) Part 25-Airworthiness Standards: U.S. 32
CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27.6–M84 Textile Test Methods—Flame 7C
Transport Category Airplanes
Resistance—Methenamine Tablet Test for Textile Floor Cover-
FAA 25.853 (b-2) and (b-3) Part 25-Airworthiness Standards: 33
ings
U.S. Transport Category Airplanes
CAN/CGSB–4.2 NO. 27.7–M82 Textile Test Methods Combus- 8C
FAA 25.853 (a-1) Part 25-Airworthiness Standards: U.S. Trans- 34
tion Resistance of Mattresses—Cigarette Test
port Category Airplanes
CAN/CGSB–4.162–M80 Hospital Textiles—Flammability Perfor- 9C–13C
MVSS302 Flammability of Interior Materials—Passenger Cars, 35
mance Requirements
Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks and Buses
CAN/CGSB–4.175–M87 ISO 4880–1984 Burning behaviour of 14C
5.1.5 Federal Test Method Standards: textiles and textile products—Vocabulary
FTMS 191ATest Method 5903 Flame Resistance of Cloth; Verti- 36
5.2.2 Underwriter’s Laboratory of Canada (ULC):
cal
CAN4–S 102–M83 Textile Method for Surface Burning Character- 15C
5.1.6 Miscellaneous Trade and Industrial Associations istics of Building Materials and Assemblies
CAN4–S 102.2–M83 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteris- 16C
(UFAC, BIFMA, and IFAI):
tics of Flooring, Floor Covering and Miscellaneous Materials and
X.1 CPAI-84 Specification for Flame-Resistant Camping Tentage 37
Assemblies
Materials
D4723–99
4 4
ID No.
ID No.
BNQ 7002–580 1982 Textiles—Flame Resistance—Selection of 23C
CAN4–S 109–M80 Standards for Flame Tests of Flame Resistance 17C
Methods
Fabrics and Films
BNQ 7002–590 1982 Textile Burning Behav- 24C
CAN4–S 117.1–M80 Test Method for Flame Resistance— 18C
iour—Flame Resistance Classification
Methenamine Tablet Test for Textile Floor Coverings
BNQ 7002–595 1982 Textiles Burning Behav- 25C
iour—Determination of Oxygen Index
5.2.3 Bureau de Normalisation du Québec (BNQ):
BNQ 7002–500 1982 Textiles—Flame Resistance—Vertical 19C
6. Keywords
Burning Test
BNQ 7002–510 1982 Textiles—Flame Resistance 45° Angle 20C
6.1 angle test; burning behavior; burning rate; combustion;
Test
BNQ 7002–520 1982 Textiles—Flame Resistance—Rate of 21C
fire; flame resistant; flammability; heat release; horizontal test;
Burning
ignition; oxygen index; radiant panel; semirestraint; smoke;
BNQ 7002–530 1982 Textiles—Flame Resistance—Ease of Ig- 22C
thermal protective; toxicity; vertical test
nition
D4723–99
TABLE 1 USA Flammability Test Methods and Performance Specifications
1 IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 1
2 CATEGORY A
3 TEST METHOD OR SPECIFICATION DESIGNATION D 1230 (Compare to 16 CFR 1610)
4 TITLE Test Method for Flammability of Clothing Textiles
5 SPONSORING ORGANIZATION ASTM
6 TEST METHOD yes
7 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS yes
8 CONFORMANCE TO SPECIFICATIONS voluntary
9 DATE OF LATESTAPPROVAL 1983
10 GOVERNMENT LEVEL MANDATING none
11 DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILES COVERED textile clothing and textiles intended for use in clothing
12 SOURCE OF PUBLICATION Annual Book of ASTM Standards
13 PROPERTIES MEASURED time of flame spread and notation of damage to the base of raised fiber surface
fabrics
14 SIZE OF TEST SPECIMEN 2 by 6 in.
15 ANGLE OF TEST SPECIMEN 45°
16 IGNITION SOURCE 16-mm butane gas flame
HEAT SOURCE none
17 IGNITION TIME 1 s
18 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS CRITERIA: Plain Surface Textiles:
MINIMUM CONDITIONS TO PASS Class 1—“Normal flammability”* is (a) average burn time of 3.5 s or more, (b)
ignited but extinguished, (c) did not ignite.
Class 2—Not applicable.
Class 3—“Rapid and intense burning”* is average burn time of less than 3.5 s for
10 specimens.
Raised Fiber Surface Textiles:
Class 1—“Normal flammability”* is (a) average burn time of 0-7.0 s with less than
2 specimens of 10 burning the base fabric, (b) average burn time of more than
7.0 s for 5 to 10 specimens, (c) no burning of the base fabric, disregarding the
average burn time for 5 specimens.
Class 2—“Intermediate flammability”* is average burn time of 4.0-7.0 s for 5 or 10
specimens with 2 or more base burns.
Class 3—“Rapid and intense burning”* is average burn time of less than 4.0 s
and when more than 2 of the 10 specimens have base burns.
* Descriptive terms for these classes as used in 16 CFR 1610 (ID #24).
1 IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 2
2 CATEGORY C
3 TEST METHOD OR SPECIFICATION DESIGNATION D 1518
4 TITLE Test Method for Thermal Transmittance of Textile Materials
5 SPONSORING ORGANIZATION ASTM
6 TEST METHOD yes
7 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS no
8 CONFORMANCE TO SPECIFICATIONS n/a
9 DATE OF LATESTAPPROVAL 1985
10 GOVERNMENT LEVEL MANDATING none
11 DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILES COVERED single or layered fabrics within a specified range of thermal transmittance
12 SOURCE OF PUBLICATION Annual Book of ASTM Standards
13 PROPERTIES MEASURED overall thermal transmission coefficients including the time rate of heat transfer
from a warm dry temperature to a cool atmosphere
1 1
14 SIZE OF TEST SPECIMEN to accommodate the equipment, approx 20 ⁄4 in. by 20 ⁄4 in.
15 ANGLE OF TEST SPECIMEN horizontal
16 IGNITION SOURCE none
HEAT SOURCE guarded hot plate
17 IGNITION TIME none
18 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION CRITERIA: none
MINIMUM CONDITIONS TO PASS
D4723–99
TABLE 1 Continued
1 IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 3
2 CATEG
...