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ASTM D233-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine

Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test procedures described in this standard were developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent. Currently however, the chief use for turpentine (and pinenes) is as raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic organic chemicals. Thus the chemical composition of turpentines and pinenes is extremely important and tests, in addition to the ones described in these test methods, are required in order to fully characterize turpentines and pinenes. The most widely used technique for determining the chemical composition of turpentines (and pinenes) is gas chromatography (see Test Methods D 6387).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing turpentine, as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations and Terminology D 804. These test methods are also used for the sampling and testing of pinenes, the major components of most turpentines.
1.2 These test methods primarily measure the physical rather than the chemical properties of turpentines and pinenes. As turpentines and pinenes are currently used chiefly as chemical raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic organic chemicals, chemical composition is also very important. Consequently, testing the chemical composition of turpentines and pinenes by gas chromatography has displaced these test methods to a large extent. (See for example Test Methods D 6387.)
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2002
ICS
87.060.30 - Solvents
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D233-97 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D233-08 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
Effective Date
01-Jun-2008
Referred By
ASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2349-90(2020) - Standard Test Method for Qualitative Determination of Nature of Solvent Composition in Solvent-Reducible Paints
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM E1405-98(2022) - Standard Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation Flasks
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4140-07(2018) - Standard Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Driers, Drying Oils, Naval Stores, and Solvents
Effective Date
10-May-2002
Referred By
ASTM D889-23 - Standard Test Method for Volatile Oil in Rosin
Effective Date
10-May-2002

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ASTM D233-02 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing TurpentineASTM D233-02 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
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ASTM D233-02 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D233–02
Standard Test Methods of
1
Sampling and Testing Turpentine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope Oil and Related Products
5
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and
D 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
testing turpentine, as defined by the Code of Federal Regula-
6
Cobalt Scale)
tions andTerminology D 804.These test methods are also used
D 6166 Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related
for the sampling and testing of pinenes, the major components
4
Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
of most turpentines.
D 6387 Test Methods for Composition of Turpentine and
1.2 These test methods primarily measure the physical
Related Terpene Products by Capillary Gas Chromatogra-
rather than the chemical properties of turpentines and pinenes.
4
phy
As turpentines and pinenes are currently used chiefly as
7
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
chemical raw materials for the production of resins and
2.2 Other Document:
synthetic organic chemicals, chemical composition is also very
CodeofFederalRegulations,Title7,Part160, “Regulations
important. Consequently, testing the chemical composition of
8
and Standards for Naval Stores,” 1999
turpentines and pinenes by gas chromatography has displaced
these test methods to a large extent. (See for example Test
3. Significance and Use
Methods D 6387.)
3.1 The test procedures described in this standard were
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Currentlyhowever,thechiefuseforturpentine(andpinenes)is
information only.
as raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
organic chemicals. Thus the chemical composition of turpen-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tines and pinenes is extremely important and tests, in addition
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to the ones described in these test methods, are required in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
order to fully characterize turpentines and pinenes. The most
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
widely used technique for determining the chemical composi-
2. Referenced Documents tion of turpentines (and pinenes) is gas chromatography (see
Test Methods D 6387).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
4. Purity of Reagents
2
Atmospheric Pressure
4.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
D 270 Methods of Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum
3 Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
Products
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
D 804 Terminology Relating to Naval Stores, IncludingTall
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.34 on Naval Stores.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published July 2002 Originally
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
published as D 233 – 26. Last previous edition D 233 – 97.
7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
8
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-
3
Discontinued; see 1983 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 05.01.
ments, 732 North Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D233–02
9
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, pro- APPEARANCE
vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of 7. Procedure
the determination.
7.1 Examine a portion of the sample after agitation to
4.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be
determine whether its appearance conforms to specifications.
understood to mean reagent water conforming to Specification
D 1193. ODOR
8. Procedure
SAMPLING
...

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5.1 Earlier methods for characterizing turpentine and related terpene products were based on physical properties, such as those in Specification D13 and Test Methods D801 and D802, and packed column gas chromatography for the major constituents (for example, α-pinene, β-pinene) as in Test Method D3009. As terpene products became widely used as chemical raw material, the separation and quantitation of compounds present at lower concentrations in the product became more important. The capillary gas chromatographic technique described in these test methods is a rapid and convenient means to perform these analyses.
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Since the desired specifications and compositions of soluble nitrocellulose base solutions vary greatly, these methods are used to establish whether limits that shall be as agreed upon between the producer and the user have been met.
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Standard Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents

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4.1 VAM is an organic vinyl ester compound. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, an important industrial polymer. VAM may be subject to rapid spontaneous polymerization if the inhibitor is not present or becomes depleted during prolonged storage.  
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1.3 For ensuring safety, hazard information and guidance, follow the manufacturer’s material safety data sheet.  
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Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine

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3.1 The test procedures described in this standard were developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent. Currently however, the chief use for turpentine (and pinenes) is as raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic organic chemicals. Thus the chemical composition of turpentines and pinenes is extremely important and tests, in addition to the ones described in these test methods, are required in order to fully characterize turpentines and pinenes. The most widely used technique for determining the chemical composition of turpentines (and pinenes) is gas chromatography (see Test Methods D6387).
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3.1 The testing procedures described in these test methods have been in use for many years and emphasize the physical properties rather than the chemical composition of dipentene. These procedures were sufficient when dipentene was used primarily as a solvent. Currently, however, dipentene finds application as a chemical raw material and a knowledge of its chemical composition is therefore important. Test Methods D6387 describe a capillary gas chromatography method which is suitable for determining both the major and minor components found in dipentene.
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing dipentene and related terpene solvents, consisting chiefly of monocyclic terpene hydrocarbons distilling above the range for turpentine.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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3.1 Many pine chemical products contain water as a result of the processes used for their production. Typically refined products such as terpenes, pine oil, tall oil fatty acids, and distilled tall oil contain only traces of water, but crude tall oil might contain 0.5 % to 2.5 % of water. Although the Karl Fischer and coulometric methods are most applicable to low levels of moisture, these can be and are used at higher levels. The azeotropic distillation method is generally used at higher levels.
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1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of dissolved or occluded water present in any proportion in liquid pine chemicals, such as turpentine, pinene, dipentene, pine oil, tall oil, and tall oil fatty acids. Three methods of moisture testing are included. The Karl Fisher titration method is the preferred method for testing tall oil, Test Methods D803.  
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1.1.2 The coulometric titration method determines water content by electronic integration of a current sufficient to generate the precise amount of iodine from the required reagent to react with the water in the sample.  
1.1.3 The azeotropic method utilizes the relatively low boiling point of water, as compared with other sample constituents, in a toluene or xylene matrix so that water is collected in a trap and measured.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D804-12(2022)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related Products

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1.1 Although the pine chemical industry has been a continuing producer of chemical products for many centuries, the nature of the industry, its products, and its terminology have changed. In particular, the original practice of recovering pine chemical through the processing of the exudate from pine trees has been supplemented by their extraction by solvent products of the wood pulping industry. For many years the industry was known as the Naval Stores industry but that term has gradually been replaced by the more descriptive and meaningful term, Pine Chemicals Industry. Thus, this terminology contains some old terms now mostly of historic value, together with the terms of the modern pine chemical industry.2  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6438-05(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acetone, Methyl Acetate, and Parachlorobenzotrifluoride Content of Paints, and Coatings by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In order to calculate the volatile organic content (VOC) of paints containing EPA exempt solvents, it is necessary to know the acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride content. This gas chromatographic test method provides a simple and direct way for measuring these solvents. Each analyte is measured with respect to a unique internal standard. For acetone, the internal standard used is acetone-d6, for methyl acetate it is methyl acetate-d3, and for PCBTF it is metachlorobenzotrifluoride (MCBTF). These unique analyte/internal standard pairs behave very nearly as single solvents with respect to evaporation rate and adsorption rate onto a coated silica fiber (SPME) but are separable on a gas chromatograph (GC) capillary column. The only critical analytical technique required for successfully performing this test method is the ability of an analyst to weigh a paint sample and internal standard, corresponding to the analyte of interest, into a septum capped vial. After weighing, solvent evaporation has no effect on the final value of the determination. Since whole paint is not injected into the gas chromatograph, the analytical system is never compromised.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF), or combination of any of the three, in paints and coatings, by solid phase microextraction (SPME) headspace sampling, and subsequent injection into a gas chromatograph. It has been evaluated for cellulose nitrate, acrylic, and urethane solvent-borne systems. The established working range of this test method is: acetone, 28 to 90 %; methyl acetate, 12 to 22 %; parachlorobenzotrifluoride, 10 to 17 %. There is no reason to believe that it will not work outside these ranges. A minor modification of this test method would make it suitable for the analysis of the same analytes in water-borne coatings (see Note 1).
Note 1: Water-borne paints are internally standardized and diluted with water followed by addition of solid sodium chloride.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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