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ASTM D268-22

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material

Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 A brief discussion of each test method is given with the intent of helping the user in the selection of the most applicable procedure where more than one is available.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the sampling and testing of volatile solvents used in the manufacture of paint, lacquer, varnish, and related products. The test methods are listed in Table 1.  
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see Suppliers' Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this guide.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2021
ICS
87.060.30 - Solvents
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.35 - Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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ASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and MaterialASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
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ASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D268 − 22
Standard Guide for
Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical
Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and
1
Material
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D268; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.1 This guide covers procedures for the sampling and
Closed Cup Tester
testing of volatile solvents used in the manufacture of paint,
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
lacquer, varnish, and related products. The test methods are
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
listed in Table 1.
D156Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
1.2 For specific hazard information and guidance, see Sup-
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
pliers’ Material Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this
D233Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
guide.
D235Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)
3
(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent) (Withdrawn 2021)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D329Specification for Acetone
D611Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
only.
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D847 Test Method for Acidity of Benzene, Toluene,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Xylenes, Solvent Naphthas, and Similar Industrial Aro-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
matic Hydrocarbons
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D848Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aro-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
matic Hydrocarbons
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
D849Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Industrial
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D850Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D853Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Content (Qualitative) of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocar-
3
bons (Withdrawn 2013)
2. Referenced Documents
D891TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Industrial Chemicals
D13Specification for Spirits of Turpentine
D1078Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
ganic Liquids
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
D1133Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-
bon Solvents
D1209Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Cobalt Scale)
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.
D1296Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
3
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published January 2022. Originally
Diluents (Withdrawn 2021)
approved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D268–01 (2012)
D1310TestMethodforFlashPointandFirePointofLiquids
which was withdrawn January 2021 and reinstated in January 2022. DOI: 10.1520/
by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
D0268-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D268 − 22
TABLE 1 List of Test Methods
D1720Test Method for Dilution Ratio ofActive Solvents in
3
Test Method Section ASTM Method Cellulose Nitrate Solutions (Withdrawn 2021)
Acidity in: D1722Test Method for Water Mis
...

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ASTM D1613-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products

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4.1 This test method is useful for determining low levels of acidity, below 0.05 %, in organic compounds and hydrocarbon mixtures. The total acidity is calculated as acetic acid or milligrams of sodium hydroxide per gram of sample.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of total acidity as acetic acid, in concentrations below 0.05 %, in organic compounds and hydrocarbon mixtures used in paint, varnish, and lacquer solvents and diluents. It is known to be applicable to such mixtures as low molecular weight saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, hydrocarbon diluents, naphtha, and other light distillate petroleum fractions.  
1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed value or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
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3.1 Since the desired specifications and compositions of soluble nitrocellulose base solutions vary greatly, these methods are used to establish whether limits that shall be as agreed upon between the producer and the user have been met.
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ASTM D1296-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The comparative odor characteristics can be used, combined with other tests, for product identification and assessing compliance with a specification.  
3.2 The residual odor characteristics can be used to judge the presence of relatively nonvolatile materials that may be associated with manufacture or contamination during distribution. Since volatile solvents and diluents are used in a wide variety of chemical processes and residual materials may affect the efficiency of such processes, this test method provides a comparative test for manufacturing control and assessing compliance with a specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a comparative procedure for observing the characteristic and residual odors of volatile organic solvents and diluents to determine their odor acceptability in a solvent system.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydroquinone (HQ) Content in Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectrophotometer

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4.1 VAM is an organic vinyl ester compound. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, an important industrial polymer. VAM may be subject to rapid spontaneous polymerization if the inhibitor is not present or becomes depleted during prolonged storage.  
4.2 VAM is typically shipped with a HQ inhibitor as free radical scavenger. VAM should be evaluated to ensure that appropriate systems (for example, temperature and inhibitor quantity) are assured during storage, transportation, and getting prolonged shelf life.  
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SCOPE
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ASTM D804-12(2022)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Pine Chemicals, Including Tall Oil and Related Products

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1.1 Although the pine chemical industry has been a continuing producer of chemical products for many centuries, the nature of the industry, its products, and its terminology have changed. In particular, the original practice of recovering pine chemical through the processing of the exudate from pine trees has been supplemented by their extraction by solvent products of the wood pulping industry. For many years the industry was known as the Naval Stores industry but that term has gradually been replaced by the more descriptive and meaningful term, Pine Chemicals Industry. Thus, this terminology contains some old terms now mostly of historic value, together with the terms of the modern pine chemical industry.2  
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ASTM D801-02(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Dipentene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The testing procedures described in these test methods have been in use for many years and emphasize the physical properties rather than the chemical composition of dipentene. These procedures were sufficient when dipentene was used primarily as a solvent. Currently, however, dipentene finds application as a chemical raw material and a knowledge of its chemical composition is therefore important. Test Methods D6387 describe a capillary gas chromatography method which is suitable for determining both the major and minor components found in dipentene.
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing dipentene and related terpene solvents, consisting chiefly of monocyclic terpene hydrocarbons distilling above the range for turpentine.  
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Section  
Sampling  
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Detection and Removal of Separated Water  
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Appearance  
6  
Color  
7  
Odor  
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Specific Gravity  
9  
Refractive Index  
10  
Composition  
11  
Flash Point  
12  
Moisture  
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ASTM D890-12(2022)(Test Method)
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3.1 Many pine chemical products contain water as a result of the processes used for their production. Typically refined products such as terpenes, pine oil, tall oil fatty acids, and distilled tall oil contain only traces of water, but crude tall oil might contain 0.5 % to 2.5 % of water. Although the Karl Fischer and coulometric methods are most applicable to low levels of moisture, these can be and are used at higher levels. The azeotropic distillation method is generally used at higher levels.
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ASTM D233-13(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine

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3.1 The test procedures described in this standard were developed when the chief use for turpentine was as a solvent. Currently however, the chief use for turpentine (and pinenes) is as raw materials for the production of resins and synthetic organic chemicals. Thus the chemical composition of turpentines and pinenes is extremely important and tests, in addition to the ones described in these test methods, are required in order to fully characterize turpentines and pinenes. The most widely used technique for determining the chemical composition of turpentines (and pinenes) is gas chromatography (see Test Methods D6387).
SCOPE
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ASTM D6438-05(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acetone, Methyl Acetate, and Parachlorobenzotrifluoride Content of Paints, and Coatings by Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In order to calculate the volatile organic content (VOC) of paints containing EPA exempt solvents, it is necessary to know the acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride content. This gas chromatographic test method provides a simple and direct way for measuring these solvents. Each analyte is measured with respect to a unique internal standard. For acetone, the internal standard used is acetone-d6, for methyl acetate it is methyl acetate-d3, and for PCBTF it is metachlorobenzotrifluoride (MCBTF). These unique analyte/internal standard pairs behave very nearly as single solvents with respect to evaporation rate and adsorption rate onto a coated silica fiber (SPME) but are separable on a gas chromatograph (GC) capillary column. The only critical analytical technique required for successfully performing this test method is the ability of an analyst to weigh a paint sample and internal standard, corresponding to the analyte of interest, into a septum capped vial. After weighing, solvent evaporation has no effect on the final value of the determination. Since whole paint is not injected into the gas chromatograph, the analytical system is never compromised.
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1.1 This test method is for the determination of acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF), or combination of any of the three, in paints and coatings, by solid phase microextraction (SPME) headspace sampling, and subsequent injection into a gas chromatograph. It has been evaluated for cellulose nitrate, acrylic, and urethane solvent-borne systems. The established working range of this test method is: acetone, 28 to 90 %; methyl acetate, 12 to 22 %; parachlorobenzotrifluoride, 10 to 17 %. There is no reason to believe that it will not work outside these ranges. A minor modification of this test method would make it suitable for the analysis of the same analytes in water-borne coatings (see Note 1).
Note 1: Water-borne paints are internally standardized and diluted with water followed by addition of solid sodium chloride.  
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ASTM D4367-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Benzene in Hydrocarbon Solvents by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Benzene is classed as a toxic and carcinogenic material. A knowledge of the concentration of this compound may be an aid in evaluating the possible health hazards to persons handling and using hydrocarbon solvents, but this test method is not intended to evaluate such hazards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by gas chromatography of benzene at levels from 0.01 to 1 volume % in hydrocarbon solvents.
Note 1: For benzene levels lower than 0.01 volume %, use Test Method D6229.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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