ASTM F2446-04
(Classification)Standard Classification for Hierarchy of Equipment Identifiers and Boundaries for Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Performance Data Exchange
Standard Classification for Hierarchy of Equipment Identifiers and Boundaries for Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Performance Data Exchange
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is to serve as an international standard for marine equipment nomenclature, taxonomy, hierarchical data structure, unique identifiers, and boundary definition for the consistent acquisition and exchange of equipment RAM performance data. The standard addresses the classification of mechanical and software products.
1.2 RAM in an acronym for Reliability, Availability, Maintainability where:
1.2.1 Reliability is the probability that an item can perform a required function under given conditions for a given time interval (t1, t2). It is generally assumed that the item is in a state to perform this required function at the beginning of the time interval.
1.2.2 Availability is the probability that an item is in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time, assuming that the required external resources are provided.
1.2.3 Maintainability is the probability that a given active maintenance action, for an item under given conditions of use can be carried out within a stated time interval, when the maintenance is performed under stated conditions and using stated procedures and resources.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F2446 – 04
Standard Classification for
Hierarchy of Equipment Identifiers and Boundaries for
Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM)
Performance Data Exchange
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ISO 10303, Industrial Automation Systems and
Integration—Product Data Representation and Exchange
1.1 This classification is to serve as an international stan-
ISO 13584, Industrial Automation Systems and
dard for marine equipment nomenclature, taxonomy, hierarchi-
Integration—Parts Library
cal data structure, unique identifiers, and boundary definition
ISO/IEC TR 12182, Information Technology—
fortheconsistentacquisitionandexchangeofequipmentRAM
Categorization of Software, Technical Report, 1998
performance data. The standard addresses the classification of
ISO/TC 67/WG 4, ISO/FDIS 14224:1998(E), Petroleum
mechanical and software products.
and Natural Gas Industries—Collection and Exchange of
1.2 RAM in an acronym for Reliability, Availability, &
Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment, 1998
Maintainability where:
2.2 Other Standards:
1.2.1 Reliability is the probability that an item can perform
CenterforChemicalProcessSafetyoftheAmericanInstitute
a required function under given conditions for a given time
of Chemical Engineers, Guidelines for Improving Plant
interval (t1, t2). It is generally assumed that the item is in a
Reliability through Data Collection and Analysis, 1998
state to perform this required function at the beginning of the
IEC 60050-191, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary,
time interval.
Chapter 191, Dependability and Quality of Service
1.2.2 Availability is the probability that an item is in a state
International Maritime Organization (IMO) Circular letter
to perform a required function under given conditions at a
No. 1886/Rev. 2, Implementation of Resolution
given instant of time, assuming that the required external
A.600(15)—IMO Ship Identification Number Scheme,
resources are provided.
1.2.3 Maintainability is the probability that a given active
NavalSeaSystemsCommand, ExpandedShipWorkBreak-
maintenance action, for an item under given conditions of use
down Structure (ESWBS) for All Ships and Ship/Combat
can be carried out within a stated time interval, when the
Systems, Volumes 1 and 2, 1985
maintenance is performed under stated conditions and using
stated procedures and resources.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 boundary—item boundaries define the subordinate
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
components that are to be included in the item. The purpose of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the boundary definition is to ensure a common understanding
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
of which components are to be included within a specific item.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 class—a concept to group objects with similar char-
acteristics, with the purpose of describing common properties.
2.1 ISO Standards:
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The ISO 10303 definition of a class is
ISO 3166-1:1997, Codes for the Representation of Names
“a concept to group items with similar characteristics, with the
of Countries and Their Subdivisions—Part 1: Country
purpose of describing the common properties of the class
Codes, 1997
Available from American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 3 Park Ave, New
This classification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F25 on Ships York, N.Y. 10016-5991.
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.05 on Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de
Computer Applications. Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. DOI: Available from International Maritime Organization (IMO), 4 Albert Embank-
10.1520/F2446-04. ment, London, SE1 7SR, U. K.
2 6
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Available from Naval Sea Systems Command, 1333 Isaac Hull Avenue, S. E.
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland. Washington Navy Yard, Washington D.C. 20376.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2446 – 04
members. Each item belongs to at least one class. A class alphaprefix“IMO”(forexample,IMO1234567).Theconstant
usually has a criterion for inclusion or exclusion of items.” A 3-alpha prefix by definition contributes nothing to the identi-
class is only an abstraction that helps the categorization of fication of the ship. Therefore, only the variable seven-digit
objects. numeric element of the IMO number is used. The seven-digit
3.1.3 instance—the physical representation of the member numeric number is maintained by Lloyd’s Register which
assigns a number to a ship at any time following the initiation
of an object class. For example, the main propulsion diesel
of its construction. This classification also proposes that navy
engineofvesselXYZisaninstanceofthediesel_engineobject
class. vessels be identified by Navy Specific Identification (Hull)
Number preceded by the country code. The structure comprise
3.1.4 object—any item that has properties and functions.
of two parts: a variable 3-alpha prefix country code followed
3.1.5 product identification—this classification proposes
by five to seven digit alphanumeric hull number (for example,
that products be uniquely identified using the following com-
USA LPD17). The five to seven digit alphanumeric hull
bination:ManufacturerCountryCode—ManufacturerNational
numbers are maintained by corresponding country navies.
Tax ID—Manufacturer Model Number—Manufacturer Model
Type. The manufacturer country code must be the ISO 3166
4. Significance and Use
code for the manufacturer’s country of origin.
3.1.6 property—an object’s attribute whose value character-
4.1 Capturing high quality Reliability, Availability, and
izesaspecificclassinstance.Theprocessofinitializingasetof
Maintainability (RAM) performance data requires careful and
properties for a specific instance is called instantiation.
consistent collection of equipment failure and repair data,
3.1.7 string—any list of ACSII characters with variable
operating hours, and repair time. A standard hierarchy of
length.
equipment boundaries has been needed for machinery data
3.1.8 string array—a dimensionless array of string values.
exchange among the stakeholders in shipbuilding, ship classi-
3.1.9 unique component identification—this classification fication, and ship operations.
proposes that components be uniquely identified using the
4.2 Industry and government will use a world standard
following combination: Site ID—Generic ID—Location ID.
method for setting the hierarchy of indentures and boundaries
The description of the various identifiers is as follows:
required for assigning failure and repair events to equipment
3.1.9.1 site ID—unique vessel identifier. In some cases,
for the tracking and calculation of equipment RAM perfor-
shipping organizations manage their inventory at the fleet level mance.
in such a way that pieces of equipment are removed from one
4.3 Agreed boundaries and equipment identifiers make it
vessel to be brought back to shore for repairs or overhauls
possible to share equipment data among organizations, bench-
whilealreadyservicedpiecesofequipmentpreviouslyinstalled
mark equipment performance, perform modeling and simula-
on board another vessel are used as replacements.This method
tion of current and proposed systems, or use performance data
of managing inventory makes it impractical to associate a
to improve operations of commercial and Naval vessels.
specific component with a vessel ID. The following two
4.4 RAM analysis is primarily based on the observation of
alternativesareacceptable: (1)keepingtheIDofthefirstvessel
individual components among which identical items contribute
on which it was installed throughout the component’s entire
to the same data sample. This classification is designed to be
life time, and (2) assigning a warehouse ID to components that
usedfortheidentificationofindividual(unique)componentsin
can potentially be installed on multiple vessels.
such a way that identical components can be identified within
3.1.9.2 generic ID—the name or code of the object class to
a given data sample.
which the component belong. Standard implementers are free
to use either the class name or code, depending on data storage
5. Basis of Classification
preferences given that class names are string values whereas
5.1 The class library constitutes a generic list of objects to
class codes are numeric values.
be used as a toolbox for the development of specific ship
3.1.9.3 location ID—when multiple identical components
breakdown structures as shown in Fig. 1. Instances of object
arelocatedonthesamesite,thelocationIDidentifiesaspecific
classes will be created by assigning specific properties, includ-
piece of equipment within the site. Examples of location IDs
ing custom-designed properties serving organization specific
include bolt hole location and deck/port-to-starboard/aft-to-
functions and required properties aimed at facilitating global
forward sequencing. The method used for setting up location
identification and RAM assessment.
IDs is irrelevant for the standard. It is useful to the standard
5.1.1 The class library includes systems, pieces of equip-
implementer only and thus it is left to the standard implement-
ment, elementary items (with some exceptions, elementary
er’s discretion.
items can be seen as parts), and software products. It is that
3.1.10 unique vessel identification—unique equipment
standard implementers use the class library to build specific
identification requires a unique site or vessel identifier. This
ship breakdown structures by using a parent/child relationship
classificationproposesthatcommercialvesselsbeidentifiedby
linking object class instances.
their International Maritime Organization (IMO) number. IMO
assigns a unique number to every commercial vessel in the 5.1.2 Each item has a parent to which it belongs.The parent
world to be used for the vessel tracking. The structure of the of any item can be any other type of items. For example, the
IMO number comprises two parts: a variable seven-digit parent of a system is likely to be the ship, although in some
numeric number (the Lloyd’s Register number) and a constant instances it is another system. The ship is an item of the class
F2446 – 04
FIG. 1 Object Instantiation Process for Population and Data Exchange
library because it is the primary ancestor of all items and the 5.3 Existing ship breakdown structures and identification
directparentofmostsystems.Asaprimaryancestor,ashiphas systems will be made compatible by adding a reference to the
no parent.
object class for each component. Standard implementers will
5.1.3 The parent of an elementary item is a system, a piece
be required to collect and store a minimum set of properties,
of equipment or another elementary item. Elementary items do
identified as “required properties.” The storage structure of the
not have children.An item is always defined with respect to its
object class properties (for example, manufacturer, model
parent.As a result, the identification of the parent is a required
number, Mean Time Between Failures, and so forth) is not
property for all items. Within a given ship structure, the
imposed by this classification . Standard implementers are free
combination of an item identifier and its parent identifier is not
to use their own storage structure. Implementers are also able
unique. Indeed, several identical items with identical functions
tocreateprivatedataexchangefordatathatistostaywithinthe
are commonly found on board a specific ship. A location ID
organization (see Appendix X1).
(such as the bolt hole location, for example) is thus required to
5.4 Thisclassificationprovidesalistofgenericcriteriatobe
uniquelyidentifyeachitem.Consequently,anitemofaspecific
used for the definition of equipment boundaries. Each bound-
ship breakdown structure is fully identified by its own ID, the
ary criterion specifies whether a particular item is included in
ID of its parent, and a location ID.
the definition of pieces of equipment. Excluded items must not
5.2 Equipment RAM data exchange will take place through
be used when compiling the identification and RAM properties
the exchange of object class instances, that is, objects with
to be exchanged.
populated properties, including the list of required properties
for RAM data exchange. Class names are meant to be
6. Keywords
transparent to end-users once a specific hierarchy is estab-
lished. They will only facilitate the data exchange. End-users
6.1 availability; boundary; equipment; hierarchy; maintain-
are expected to be presented with customized label names that
ability; maintenance; reliability; ship; shipboard; shipboard
are dependent on business logic, culture, and language. Label
equipment; ship reliability; vessel
names are optional object properties populated by the standard
implementer.
F2446 – 04
ANNEX
(Mandatory Information)
A1. MECHANICALAND SOFTWARE PRODUCT CLASS LIBRARY
A1.1 See Table A1.1, Table A1.2, Table A1.3, Table A1.4,
and Table A1.5.
TABLE A1.1 Boundary Criteria
Boundary
Boundary Element Included in Parent? Element Description
Code
b_00001 associated valves yes a valve that is required for the proper operation of the product
b_00002 attached indicating instruments yes an integrated part of the product used for measuring and displaying
a variable
b_00003 built-in tanks yes an integrated part of the product that is a container used for holding
a liquid or gas
b_00004 coils yes one or more turns of wire through which an electric current travels
b_00005 cooling device yes a device used to lower or maintain the temperature of the product or
one of its components
b_00006 electric motors yes a motor that is powered by electricity
b_00007 electrical hull fittings yes any hull-attached element that is electrical in nature and used for
the product (for example, a plug)
b_00008 electronic signal cabling dedicated branch circuit only a set of cables use
...
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