ASTM F3149-15

Standard Practice for Determining the Maintenance Factor (<emph type="bdit">m</emph >) and Yield Factor (<emph type="bdit">y</emph>) Loading Constants Applicable to Gasket Materials and Designs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The gasket factors are a function of leak rate; therefore, this practice generates curves. Constants for use in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Appendix 2 code calculations are selected from these data. Specific m and y values can be selected based on a maximum desired leak rate or derived from these data as described in this procedure. This practice addresses the influence of leak rate and gasket thickness on a gasket’s ability to provide a seal initially and in operation. This practice is performed at room temperature; therefore, this practice does not account for all conditions, such as high temperature or thermal cycling or both, that bolted flange connections may be subject to in field application.  
4.2 This practice determines two general characteristics that are specific to the ASME design criteria. Caution should be exercised when comparing yield and maintenance factors between gasket materials, and it is recommended that the m and y curves be compared. Selecting a gasket material for use in an application should not be based exclusively on these two general characteristics. Gasket material selection for a given application should consider additional information not described in this practice, which includes, but is not limited to, chemical resistance, thermal resistance, creep relaxation, compressibility, and accommodation of thermal cycling.  
4.3 This practice builds upon work conducted in the Fluid Sealing Association (FSA G 605:11). The associated round robin data is provided for reference in Tables 1-4.   (A) BDL = below detection limit.  (A) BDL = below detection limit.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice will establish criteria for determining loading constants that are referenced in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) pressure vessel design (Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Divs. 1 and 2). These constants are specific to this design criterion for metallic, semi-metallic, and nonmetallic gaskets.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2015
• ICS: 21.140 - Seals, glands
• Technical Committee: F03 - Gaskets
• Drafting Committee: F03.40 - Chemical Test Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3149 −15
Standard Practice for
Determining the Maintenance Factor (m) and Yield Factor (y)
Loading Constants Applicable to Gasket Materials and
1
Designs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3149; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope PCC-1 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange
Joint Assembly
1.1 This practice will establish criteria for determining
2.3 DIN Standard:
loading constants that are referenced in the American Society
4
DIN 3535 Gaskets for Gas Supply
of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) pressure vessel design
2.4 FSA Standard:
(Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Divs. 1 and 2).
FSA G 605:11 Standard Test Method for Determining (m)
These constants are specific to this design criterion for
and (y) Loading ConstantsApplicable to Gasket Materials
metallic, semi-metallic, and nonmetallic gaskets.
5
and Designs
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
3. Terminology
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
3.1 Definitions:
information only and are not considered standard.
3.1.1 gasket contact area, A ,n—gasket area in contact with
1
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the flange surfaces and under load.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The gasket contact area described in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thispracticecandeviatefromtheeffectiveareadescribedinthe
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ASME pressure vessel design.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.2 leak rate, n—volumetric leak rate per inch gasket
outside diameter.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 maintenance factor, m, n—factor that is required to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calculate the additional flange fastener preload needed to
D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in Auto-
maintain a seal after internal pressure is applied to a joint.
motive Applications
3.1.4 surface stress, n—stress applied to the gasket contact
F104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-
area and equal to the applied load divided by gasket contact
als
area.
F868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Mate-
rials
3.1.5 yield factor, y, n—factor that provides the gasket
3
minimum design seating stress required to seal a joint upon
2.2 ASME Standards:
assembly.
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through
3.1.5.1 Discussion—This assumes no pressure and,
NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard Boiler and Pressure Vessel
therefore, a lack of hydrostatic end load effect on the assembly.
Code Section VIII, Divs. 1 and 2
Reported in psi.
4. Significance and Use
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.40 on Chemical Test Methods.
4.1 The gasket factors are a function of leak rate; therefore,
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published August 2015. DOI: 10.1520/
this practice generates curves. Constants for use in the ASME
F3149-15.
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Appendix 2
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
3
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// Available from the Fluid Sealing Association, 994 Old Eagle School Rd.,
www.asme.org. #1019, Wayne, PA 19087-1866.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3149 − 15
code calculations are selected from these data. Specific m and of test results. Such variables include flange parallelism, bolt
y values can be selected based on a maximum desired leak rate loading pattern, and multi-stage tightening levels.
or derived from these data as described in this procedure. This
5.4 A leak measurement system is required. Leak measure-
practice addresses the influence of leak rate and gasket
ment methods include differential pressure gage, manometer,
thickness on a gasket’s ability to provide a seal initially and in
flowmeter, and mass spectrometry
...