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ASTM F3426-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using Heated Manikin Body Forms

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using Heated Manikin Body Forms

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to quantify and compare the insulation provided by different clothing items as long as each test is conducted using the same experimental procedures and test conditions. For example, variations in the design and fabric used in gloves can be evaluated. The effects of layering, closures, and fit can be measured for clothing items.  
4.2 The measurement of the insulation provided by clothing is complex and dependent upon the apparatus and techniques used. It is not practical in a test method of this scope to establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Departures from the instructions in this test method have the potential to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperature, humidity and air motion measurement, and testing practices is needed to evaluate which departures from the instructions given in this test method are significant. Standardization of the method reduces, but does not eliminate, the need for such technical knowledge. Report any departures with the results.  
4.3 Report the insulation values in SI units or clo units as standard procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the insulation value of clothing items that cover only the head (Option 1), a hand (Option 2), or a foot (Option 3). It describes the measurement of the resistance to dry heat transfer from a heated manikin form to a relatively calm, cool environment.  
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing measurement on a stationary head manikin form (Option 1), hand manikin form (Option 2), or foot manikin form (Option 3).  
1.1.2 The effects of body form position, movement, and contact with other surfaces are not addressed in this test method.  
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the particular clothing item evaluated and for the specified environmental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air movement.  
1.3 The values stated in either clo or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Each system shall be used independently of the other. The thermal resistance units, clo or SI, shall be identified clearly and consistency of units shall be maintained throughout reporting process.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Jul-2020
ICS
13.340.01 - Protective equipment in general
Technical Committee
F23 - Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment
Drafting Committee
F23.60 - Human Factors
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM F1868-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
Effective Date
15-Jul-2020

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ASTM F3426-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using Heated Manikin Body FormsASTM F3426-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using Heated Manikin Body Forms
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ASTM F3426-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using Heated Manikin Body Forms
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3426 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Items Using
1
Heated Manikin Body Forms
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3426; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thetypeofclothingwornbypeopledirectlyaffectstheheatexchangebetweenthehumanbodyand
the environment. The heat transfer is both sensible (conduction, convection, and radiation) and latent
(evaporation). The thermal resistance (insulation) and evaporative resistance provided by a clothing
ensemble are measured on full-body, life-size manikins according to Test Methods F1291 and F2370,
respectively. These standards also discuss measuring the local total resistance values of garments by
using only a few body parts (zones) covered by the clothing. However, more detailed data can be
obtained from a body part manikin with several zones than from a full-body manikin where only one
or two zones are used to take measurements. This detailed information about extremities is important,
as they are often vulnerable to thermal injury. The resistance values measured are dependent upon the
designs and materials used in the component garments, the amount of body surface area covered by
clothing, distribution of the fabric layers over the body, looseness or tightness of fit, and the increased
surfaceareaforheatloss.Insulationmeasurementsmadeonfabricsalonedonottakethesefactorsinto
account.
1. Scope SI, shall be identified clearly and consistency of units shall be
maintained throughout reporting process.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the insu-
lation value of clothing items that cover only the head (Option
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1), a hand (Option 2), or a foot (Option 3). It describes the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurement of the resistance to dry heat transfer from a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
heated manikin form to a relatively calm, cool environment.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1.1 This is a static test that provides a baseline clothing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measurement on a stationary head manikin form (Option 1),
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
hand manikin form (Option 2), or foot manikin form (Option
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3).
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.1.2 The effects of body form position, movement, and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
contact with other surfaces are not addressed in this test
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
method.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The insulation values obtained apply only to the par-
ticular clothing item evaluated and for the specified environ-
2. Referenced Documents
mental conditions of each test, particularly with respect to air
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
movement.
F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of
1.3 The values stated in either clo or SI units are to be
Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
regarded separately as standard. Each system shall be used
F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-
independently of the other. The thermal resistance units, clo or
tance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF23onPersonal
2
Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
F23.60 on Human Factors. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 15, 2020. Published August 2020. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F3426-20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3426 − 20
3
2.2 ASHRAE Standard: establish details sufficient to cover all contingencies. Depar-
ASHRAE55 ThermalEnvironmentalConditionsforHuman turesfromtheinstructionsinthistestmethodhavethepotential
Occupancy to lead to significantly different test results. Technical knowl-
4
edge concerning the theory of heat transfer, temperat
...

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1.1 This specification provides minimum requirements for labeling protective clothing offering heat, flame, and melting resistance for applications where the potential exists for incidental exposure to open flame, radiant heat sources, or hot surfaces which could melt or ignite materials.  
1.1.1 Examples of possible applications for this specification include safety apparel, including high-visibility safety apparel, in situations where the possibility exists for accidental contact with hot surfaces, radiant heat sources, or an open flame; clothing worn by individuals for chemical, liquid, or particle protection where the possibility exists for clothing to similarly contact a burner or similar low-intensity flame source; or other clothing worn by individuals that comes in contact with torch flames, hot piping, or other surfaces that melt, degrade, or ignite clothing materials by proximity or contact.  
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1.1.3 This specification does not include a test for establishing protection levels against specific hazards where clothing insulation is needed such as from flash fires, exposure to high-energy electrical arc, or extended duration fires. This specification does not replace and shall not be used in lieu of existing standards where well-defined criteria are established for protection of workers from known characterized intense thermal hazards such as flash fires (NFPA 2112), high-energy electrical arc (Specification F1506), or wildland firefighting (NFPA 1977). See Appendix X1 for a list of standards for heat and flame-resistant protective clothing.  
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1.1.5 This specification is applicable to all materials used in the construction of the protective clothing, including lining materials and materials that contact the skin or underclothing of the wearer. Exclusions are permitted for some materials such as labels and small components that do not come in contact with the wearer’s skin or underclothing.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 If specified, this test method is used for the measurement of material dimensional change following a convective heat exposure in a hot air circulating oven.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative measurements and subjective observations that characterize the performance for evaluating the heat resistance of materials, protective clothing, and equipment when exposed in a hot air circulating oven.  
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Standard Test Method for Resistance to Penetration and Backface Deformation for Ballistic-resistant Torso Body Armor and Shoot Packs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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1.3 The test method does not specify performance criteria or usage of the test results.  
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This specification describes a standardized method for preparation and verification of backing assemblies used in ballistic-resistant torso body armor testing and for reducing variability within and between laboratories. Included in this specification are the equipment used for preparation and verification of clay blocks, namely: backing fixture, backing fixture liner, bridge gauge, conditioning chamber, impactor, striking device, template, test setup, and velocity measurement equipment.
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SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide standardized methods for preparation and verification of backing assemblies used in ballistic-resistant torso body armor testing and to reduce variability within and between laboratories.  
1.2 The backing assembly is a clay block that contains ROMA Plastilina No. 1®2 clay as the backing material. The clay serves as a witness material and provides a measurable indication of test item performance.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Performance Specification for Labeling Protective Clothing Which Provides Resistance to Incidental Exposures to Heat or Open Flame

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides minimum requirements for labeling protective clothing offering heat, flame, and melting resistance for applications where the potential exists for incidental exposure to open flame, radiant heat sources, or hot surfaces which could melt or ignite materials.  
1.1.1 Examples of possible applications for this specification include safety apparel, including high-visibility safety apparel, in situations where the possibility exists for accidental contact with hot surfaces, radiant heat sources, or an open flame; clothing worn by individuals for chemical, liquid, or particle protection where the possibility exists for clothing to similarly contact a burner or similar low-intensity flame source; or other clothing worn by individuals that comes in contact with torch flames, hot piping, or other surfaces that melt, degrade, or ignite clothing materials by proximity or contact.  
1.1.2 This specification is not to be used for separate claims for flame resistance (“FR”), heat resistance, or protection against the transfer of thermal energy. Instead, clothing materials are required to be evaluated for the combination of flame and heat resistance tests.  
1.1.3 This specification does not include a test for establishing protection levels against specific hazards where clothing insulation is needed such as from flash fires, exposure to high-energy electrical arc, or extended duration fires. This specification does not replace and shall not be used in lieu of existing standards where well-defined criteria are established for protection of workers from known characterized intense thermal hazards such as flash fires (NFPA 2112), high-energy electrical arc (Specification F1506), or wildland firefighting (NFPA 1977). See Appendix X1 for a list of standards for heat and flame-resistant protective clothing.  
1.1.4 This specification includes requirements that define resistance to melting and combustion of materials used in personal protective clothing in a manner to limit the contribution of the clothing for causing injury to the wearer when exposed to low levels of heat or flame. The primary mechanisms by which a garment can contribute to injury are by the garment igniting and supporting combustion, and if the garment melts onto the wearer’s skin.  
1.1.5 This specification is applicable to all materials used in the construction of the protective clothing, including lining materials and materials that contact the skin or underclothing of the wearer. Exclusions are permitted for some materials such as labels and small components that do not come in contact with the wearer’s skin or underclothing.  
1.1.6 This specification does not include testing for the evaluation of the entire clothing item.  
1.1.7 This specification does not include procedures for testing of gloves or footwear.  
1.1.8 This specification is applicable to hoods, balaclavas, shrouds, neck gaiters, barrier face coverings, and other items of apparel that are primarily worn on the individual wearer’s head.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to protective clothing that is addressed in other standards for specific applications including electrical arc flash, flash fire, and various types of firefighting or emergency response. See Appendix X1 for a list of standards for heat and flame-resistant protective clothing.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.4 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of...

  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off