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ASTM C240-08(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block

Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline the particular points which have to be taken into account when applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular glass insulating block.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation for chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2012
ICS
91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.32 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C240-08e1 - Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Replaced By
ASTM C240-16 - Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
Effective Date
01-Sep-2016
Referred By
ASTM C165-23 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM C1902-22a - Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Insulation Used in Building and Roof Applications
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012
Referred By
ASTM C552-22 - Standard Specification for Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Sep-2012

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ASTM C240-08(2012) - Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation BlockASTM C240-08(2012) - Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
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ASTM C240-08(2012) - Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C240 − 08(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods of
1
Testing Cellular Glass Insulation Block
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C226Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass
2.2 ISO Standard:
insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive
ISO 3951Sampling Procedure and Charts for Inspection by
strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation
3
Variables for Percent Nonconforming
forchemicalanalysis;andthermalconductivitymeasurements.
2.3 Military Standard:
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
MIL-I-24244SpecificationInsulationMaterialswithSpecial
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 4
Corrosion, Chloride, and Fluoride Requirements
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
2.4 Other Standard:
and are not considered standard.
NRC 1.36Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for Austenitic
5
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Stainless Steel
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions—Terminology C168 shall be considered as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
applying to the terms considered in these test methods.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline
C165TestMethodforMeasuringCompressivePropertiesof
the particular points which have to be taken into account when
Thermal Insulations
applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
glass insulating block.
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of 5. Test Methods
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
5.1 General Sample Preparation—All tests have to be run
C203Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Proper-
on dry specimens. In case of need, the sample must be
ties of Block-Type Thermal Insulation
unpacked and stored in a dry place in such a way that all
C303Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-
surfaces are exposed to the ambient air for a minimum of 24
formed Block and Board–Type Thermal Insulation
hours before testing.
C390Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal
5.2 Density—DeterminethedensityinaccordancewithTest
Insulation Lots
Method C303. Preferably, the density shall be measured on a
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
full block, 18 by 24 in. (450 by 600 mm) by full thickness.
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
5.2.1 It shall be noted that density is interesting as such for
C871Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Thermal Insu-
calculation of insulated equipment load and because it has
lationMaterialsforLeachableChloride,Fluoride,Silicate,
influence on the other important properties of cellular glass.
and Sodium Ions
But it shall not be considered in itself as a criterion for
acceptance in the case of cellular glass.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on
5.3 Water Absorption:
Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 on
Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
ε1
3
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C240–08 . DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/C0240-08R12. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Director of Regulatory Standards, US Atomic Energy
the ASTM website. Commission, Washington, DC 20545.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C240 − 08 (2012)
5.3.1 Scope—This test method covers the determination of 5.4 Compressive Strength—Determine the compressive
water absorption of cellul
...

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1.1 This specification2 covers the types, physical properties, and dimensions of cellular polystyrene boards with or without facings or coatings made by molding (EPS) or extrusion (XPS) of expandable polystyrene. Products manufactured to this specification are intended for use as thermal insulation for temperatures from –65 to +165°F (–53.9 to +73.9°C). This specification does not apply to laminated products manufactured with any type of rigid board facer including fiberboard, perlite board, gypsum board, or oriented strand board.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Inorganic fibrous thermal insulation can contain varying amounts of non-fibrous material. Non-fibrous material does not contribute to the insulating value of the insulation and therefore a procedure for determining that amount is desirable. Several specifications refer to shot content and percent (%) retained on various screen sizes determined by this test method.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An inherent characteristic of some alloys of austenitic stainless steel is their tendency to crack at stress points when exposed to certain corrosive environments. The mechanisms of ESCC are complex and not completely understood but are apparently related to certain metallurgical properties. Chloride and fluoride ions have the potential to induce stress corrosion cracking in the absence of inhibiting ions.3  
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1.2 While the 1977 edition of this test method (Dana test) is applicable only to wicking-type insulations, the procedures in this edition are intended to be applicable to all insulating materials, including cements, some of which disintegrate when tested in accordance with the 1977 edition. Wicking insulations are materials that wet through and through when partially (50 % to 75 %) immersed in water for a short period of time (10 min or less).  
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5.1 Research has demonstrated that in addition to the halide ion chloride; fluoride ions, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) in the absence of inhibiting ions.5 Two widely used insulation specifications that are specific to ESCC allow the use of the same Test Methods C692 and C871 for evaluation of insulation materials. Both specifications require fluoride ions to be included with chloride ions when evaluating the extractable ions.  
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SCOPE
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1.1 This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will cover the range of continuous exposure operating temperatures from –321°F (–196°C) up to 1200°F (649°C).  
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ASTM C656-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Structural Insulating Board, Calcium Silicate

ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The structural insulating boards shall be of the following types and grades: Types I and II and Grades 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8. Calcium silicate structural insulating board shall be composed of hydrated calcium silicate with natural or man-made fibers or fillers, or a combination thereof. The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions and density; flexural strength; compressive strength; screw holding strength; apparent thermal conductivity; combustion characteristics; and maximum use temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The rigid, preformed structural insulating board is for use at temperatures up to 1700°F (927°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.  
1.2 The structural insulating board maintains its structural integrity after immersion in water.  
1.3 Rapid cycling over a wide temperature range is not recommended because of potential damage due to thermal shock.  
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ASTM C165-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal Insulations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In providing Procedures A and B, it is recognized that different types of thermal insulation will exhibit significantly different behavior under compressive load. Data must usually be obtained from a complete load-deformation curve, and the useful working range normally corresponds to only a portion of the curve. The user is cautioned against use of the product in the range beyond which the product is permanently damaged or properties are adversely affected.  
4.2 Load-deformation curves provide useful data for research and development, quality control, specification acceptance or rejection, and for other special purposes. Standard loading rates shall not be used arbitrarily for all purposes; the effects of impact, creep, fatigue, and repeated cycling must be considered. All load-deformation data shall be reviewed carefully for applicability prior to acceptance for use in engineering designs differing widely in load, load application rate, and material dimensions involved.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.  
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve, with or without an identifiable yield point as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid board or block-type insulations.
FIG. 1 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion with Definite Yield Point
FIG. 2 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion but no Definite Yield Point  
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in Fig. 3. Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations that have been compressed previously to at least the same deformation by compression packaging or mechanical softening.
FIG. 3 Procedure B—Increasing Stiffness  
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under Procedures A and B shall not hold in all cases. For example, some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and curves that change from negative to positive slope.  
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill insulations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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