C16.32 - Mechanical Properties

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Classification of insulation relative to flexibility or rigidity is useful in establishing installation and application characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for the classification of mineral fiber insulation as flexible, resilient flexible, semirigid, or rigid.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Inorganic fibrous thermal insulation can contain varying amounts of non-fibrous material. Non-fibrous material does not contribute to the insulating value of the insulation and therefore a procedure for determining that amount is desirable. Several specifications refer to shot content and percent (%) retained on various screen sizes determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the non-fibrous content (shot) of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation. The procedure covers a dry sieve analysis method to distinguish between fiberized and non-fiberized (shot) portions of a specimen of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation specimen.  
1.2 This test method does not apply to rock or slag materials containing any components other than rock and slag mineral fiber, oil, and organic thermal setting binders. Products containing other types of fibers, inorganic binders, or refractory clays are excluded.
Note 1: Industrial oils such as mineral or synthetic can be used to enhance the hydrophobic qualities and dust suppression.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.  
5.2 The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.  
5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
Note 1: For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft 2×°F/Btu) or higher.  
5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.  
5.5 The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.  
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.  
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In providing Procedures A and B, it is recognized that different types of thermal insulation will exhibit significantly different behavior under compressive load. Data must usually be obtained from a complete load-deformation curve, and the useful working range normally corresponds to only a portion of the curve. The user is cautioned against use of the product in the range beyond which the product is permanently damaged or properties are adversely affected.  
4.2 Load-deformation curves provide useful data for research and development, quality control, specification acceptance or rejection, and for other special purposes. Standard loading rates shall not be used arbitrarily for all purposes; the effects of impact, creep, fatigue, and repeated cycling must be considered. All load-deformation data shall be reviewed carefully for applicability prior to acceptance for use in engineering designs differing widely in load, load application rate, and material dimensions involved.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.  
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve, with or without an identifiable yield point as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid board or block-type insulations.
FIG. 1 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion with Definite Yield Point
FIG. 2 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion but no Definite Yield Point  
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in Fig. 3. Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations that have been compressed previously to at least the same deformation by compression packaging or mechanical softening.
FIG. 3 Procedure B—Increasing Stiffness  
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under Procedures A and B shall not hold in all cases. For example, some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and curves that change from negative to positive slope.  
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill insulations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Proper measurements of thickness and density of blanket or batt insulations are essential for determining thermal insulation properties. For a particular batt or blanket product, thickness and density are usually directly related to thermal insulating value.  
4.2 These test methods are of significant value in manufacturing quality control, to ensure that claimed insulation values of products are maintained.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thickness and density of flexible, felted, or woven thermal insulating blankets, rolls, or batts composed of fibrous materials, with or without surface covering or reinforcement.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are to be used to determine the resistance of some types of preformed block insulation when transverse loads are normally applied to the surface. Values are measured at the maximum load or breaking point under specified conditions or specimen size, span between supports, and rate of load application. The equations used are based on the assumption that the materials are uniform and presume that the stress-strain characteristics below the elastic limit are linearly elastic. These assumptions are not strictly applicable to thermal insulations of certain types in which crushing occurs before failure is obtained in transverse bending; however, depending upon the accuracy required, these procedures are capable of providing acceptable results.  
5.2 Test Method I is especially useful when testing only for the modulus of rupture or the breaking load. This information is useful for quality control inspection and qualification for specification purposes.  
5.3 Test Method II is useful in determining the elastic modulus in bending as well as the flexural strength. Flexural properties determined by these test methods are also useful for quality control and specification purposes.  
5.4 The basic differences between the two test methods is in the location of the maximum bending moment, maximum axial fiber (flexural or tensile) stresses, and the resolved stress state in terms of shear stress and tensile/compression stress. The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under the loading fitting in Test Method I and over the area between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method I has a high shear stress component in the direction of loading, perpendicular to the axial fiber stress. Sufficient resolved shear stress is capable of producing failure by a shear mode rather than a simple tension/flexural failure. There is no comparable shear component in the central region between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method II simulates a u...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking load and calculated flexural strength of a rectangular cross section of a preformed block-type thermal insulation tested as a simple beam. It is also applicable to cellular plastics. Two test methods are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method I—A loading system utilizing center loading on a simply supported beam, supported at both ends.  
1.1.2 Test Method II—A loading system utilizing two symmetric load points equally spaced from their adjacent support points at each end with a distance between load points of one half of the support span.  
1.2 Either test method is capable of being used with the four procedures that follow:  
1.2.1 Procedure A—Designed principally for materials that break at comparatively small deflections.  
1.2.2 Procedure B—Designed particularly for those materials that undergo large deflections during testing.  
1.2.3 Procedure C—Designed for measuring at a constant stress rate, using a CRL (constant rate of loading) machine. Used for breaking load measurements only.  
1.2.4 Procedure D—Designed for measurements at a constant crosshead speed, using either a CRT (constant rate of traverse) or CRE (constant rate of extension) machine. Used for breaking load measurements using a fixed crosshead speed machine.  
1.3 Comparative tests are capable of being run according to either method or procedure, provided that the method or procedure is found satisfactory for the material being tested.  
1.4 These test methods are purposely general in order to accommodate the widely varying industry practices. It is important that the user consult the appropriate materials specification for any specific detailed requirements regarding these test methods.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density measurements of preformed pipe insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density; however, on a density basis, these properties are not directly comparable with those for other kinds of material.  
5.2 The physical dimensions of preformed pipe insulation are important quantities not only for determining the density of the pipe insulation but also for determining the conformance to specifications. The use of multilayer insulations is common, and the dimensions are necessary to ensure proper nesting of the layers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dimensions and density, after conditioning, of preformed pipe insulation.  
1.1.1 Procedure A is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering or to sections of segmental pipe covering that can be joined together concentrically and measured as one-piece.  
1.1.2 Procedure B is applicable to segmental pipe covering where each section of material is measured.  
1.1.3 Procedure C is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering, such as soft foam or mineral wool materials, where it is possible to penetrate the material.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline the particular points which have to be taken into account when applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular glass insulating block.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation for chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dimensional measurements of the product thermal insulation are essential in determining compliance of a product with specification limits. Dimensional measurements of various test specimens are also required by the specific test method.  
5.2 Density measurements of the product insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits, and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation, some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density. In order to design for equipment supports, check the material for the “as received density” where the moisture content of the product as received and then installed has the potential to be consequential.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dimensions and density of block and board insulation as defined in Terminology C168.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is possible that insulating blocks or boards that are not true or square will not fit properly. It is possible that extra labor will be required to obtain proper fit and that this could affect the product performance as well as the appearance of the finished installation.  
4.2 This test method provides terminology and describes locations for obtaining consistent measurements of trueness and squareness of blocks and boards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers locations for measuring the trueness and squareness of rigid block/board thermal insulation. This test method does not purport to address the variability in board thickness. Thickness is addressed in other ASTM standards.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods contained in this document are intended for cellulosic fiber insulating board as described in Specification C208. These test methods examine mechanical, physical and thermal properties, properties related to water absorption and water vapor exposure, and flammability related properties.  
4.2 The results of these tests are suitable to describe the performance of insulating board and are also suitable for use in material specifications.
Note 1: Committee C-16 is in the process of splitting this document into discrete test methods categorized by the nature of the test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover those insulation products in specified Specification C208. The requirements for the products’ physical properties are specified in Specification C208. The methods for the general insulation products’ physical properties are given as follows:    
Section  
Thickness  
7  
Size of Finished Board  
8  
Thermal Conductivity  
9  
Transverse Strength  
10  
Deflection at Specified Minimum Load  
11  
Tensile Strength Parallel to Surface  
12  
Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Surface  
13  
Water Absorption  
14  
Linear Expansion  
15  
Water Vapor Transmission  
16  
Flame Spread Index  
17  
Moisture Content and Density  
18  
Compressive Strength  
19  
1.2 Reference is provided to an established source for nomenclature and definitions.  
1.3 Several of the test methods contained in this document are referenced by material specifications other than cellulosic fiber insulating board. These include mineral fiber, perlite, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene and phenolic materials.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Several test methods for measuring mass loss by abrasion and impact of preformed block-type and preformed pipe-covering-type thermal insulation have been used previously. It is believed that no single test method completely covers all factors involving such forces for different kinds of materials, but this test method is intended to provide a procedure that gives reproducible results. It is used for comparing the mass loss by tumbling before and after a specific treatment of the insulation, as agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass loss of preformed block-type and preformed pipe-covering-type thermal insulation as a result of a combination of abrasion and impact produced by a laboratory tumbling mechanism.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Method A will be used primarily as a manufacturing quality control and field test method without the need for conditioning. For more accurate research purposes, conditioning shall be specified.  
4.2 Method B will be used, when specified, to determine the density at which insulation properties such as thermal resistance and placement coverage are to be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are applicable to granular loose fill insulation materials such as vermiculite and perlite. They are used for other insulation materials with similar flow and settling properties.  
1.2 Method A shall be used to determine bulk density.  
1.3 Method B shall be used to determine design density and, with Method A, is used to calculate percent loss of volume due to settling.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Blown density is used to develop loose-fill coverage charts. Data for blown density vs thickness is used in the development of a variable blown density presentation for loose-fill insulation.  
4.2 Thermal resistance (and conductivity) of loose-fill mineral fiber insulation depends on density and thickness. The resulting blown density data is useful in developing an expression for apparent thermal conductivity as a function of density. This will in turn aid the manufacturer in developing coverage information for packages of loose-fill insulation.  
4.3 The blown density obtained in this method is for the thickness of the test only. The relationship of blown density with thickness can be determined by repeating the procedures outlined here using different thicknesses.  
4.4 These procedures are not the same as the test method described in Test Method C1374. Depending on the test conditions utilized, the blown density may, or may not, represent the installed density values obtained by using Test Method C1374.  
4.5 This guide can be used to develop appropriate blowing machine settings to achieve a target blown density at a predetermined thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes two alternate procedures for determining blown density at a predetermined thickness or a range of thicknesses expected in field applications of mineral fiber loose-fill insulation.  
1.2 This guide involves blowing a sample of loose-fill insulation into a test frame of known volume, measuring the weight of the insulation captured and calculating the blown density.  
1.3 This guide is intended for pneumatically-applied loose-fill mineral fiber insulation designed for use in horizontal open attic spaces.  
1.4 This guide is intended for product design and product auditing by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation. This guide is adaptable as a plant quality control procedure.  
1.5 This guide does not predict the aged density of the mineral fiber loose-fill insulation.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline the particular points which have to be taken into account when applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular glass insulating block.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation for chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline the particular points which have to be taken into account when applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular glass insulating block.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation for chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Proper measurements of thickness and density of blanket or batt insulations are essential for determining thermal insulation properties. For a particular batt or blanket product, thickness and density are usually directly related to thermal insulating value.  
4.2 These test methods are of significant value in manufacturing quality control, to ensure that claimed insulation values of products are maintained.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thickness and density of flexible, felted, or woven thermal insulating blankets, rolls, or batts composed of fibrous materials, with or without surface covering or reinforcement.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.  
5.2 The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.  
5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
Note 1: For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft 2×°F/Btu) or higher.  
5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.  
5.5 The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.  
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.  
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline the particular points which have to be taken into account when applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular glass insulating block.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation for chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In providing Procedures A and B, it is recognized that different types of thermal insulation will exhibit significantly different behavior under compressive load. Data must usually be obtained from a complete load-deformation curve, and the useful working range normally corresponds to only a portion of the curve. The user is cautioned against use of the product in the range beyond which the product is permanently damaged or properties are adversely affected.  
4.2 Load-deformation curves provide useful data for research and development, quality control, specification acceptance or rejection, and for other special purposes. Standard loading rates shall not be used arbitrarily for all purposes; the effects of impact, creep, fatigue, and repeated cycling must be considered. All load-deformation data shall be reviewed carefully for applicability prior to acceptance for use in engineering designs differing widely in load, load application rate, and material dimensions involved.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.  
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve, with or without an identifiable yield point as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid board or block-type insulations.
FIG. 1 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion with Definite Yield Point
FIG. 2 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion but no Definite Yield Point  
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in Fig. 3. Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations that have been compressed previously to at least the same deformation by compression packaging or mechanical softening.
FIG. 3 Procedure B—Increasing Stiffness  
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under Procedures A and B shall not hold in all cases. For example, some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and curves that change from negative to positive slope.  
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill insulations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density measurements of preformed pipe insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density; however, on a density basis, these properties are not directly comparable with those for other kinds of material.  
5.2 The physical dimensions of preformed pipe insulation are important quantities not only for determining the density of the pipe insulation but also for determining the conformance to specifications. The use of multilayer insulations is common, and the dimensions are necessary to ensure proper nesting of the layers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dimensions and density, after conditioning, of preformed pipe insulation.  
1.1.1 Procedure A is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering or to sections of segmental pipe covering that can be joined together concentrically and measured as one-piece.  
1.1.2 Procedure B is applicable to segmental pipe covering where each section of material is measured.  
1.1.3 Procedure C is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering, such as soft foam or mineral wool materials, where it is possible to penetrate the material.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Inorganic fibrous thermal insulation can contain varying amounts of non-fibrous material. Non-fibrous material does not contribute to the insulating value of the insulation and therefore a procedure for determining that amount is desirable. Several specifications refer to shot content and percent (%) retained on various screen sizes determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the non-fibrous content (shot) of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation. The procedure covers a dry sieve analysis method to distinguish between fiberized and non-fiberized (shot) portions of a specimen of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation specimen.  
1.2 This test method does not apply to rock or slag materials containing any components other than rock and slag mineral fiber and organic thermal setting binders. Products containing other types of fibers, inorganic binders, or refractory clays are excluded.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are to be used to determine the resistance of some types of preformed block insulation when transverse loads are normally applied to the surface. Values are measured at the maximum load or breaking point under specified conditions or specimen size, span between supports, and rate of load application. The equations used are based on the assumption that the materials are uniform and presume that the stress-strain characteristics below the elastic limit are linearly elastic. These assumptions are not strictly applicable to thermal insulations of certain types in which crushing occurs before failure is obtained in transverse bending; however, depending upon the accuracy required, these procedures are capable of providing acceptable results.  
5.2 Test Method I is especially useful when testing only for the modulus of rupture or the breaking load. This information is useful for quality control inspection and qualification for specification purposes.  
5.3 Test Method II is useful in determining the elastic modulus in bending as well as the flexural strength. Flexural properties determined by these test methods are also useful for quality control and specification purposes.  
5.4 The basic differences between the two test methods is in the location of the maximum bending moment, maximum axial fiber (flexural or tensile) stresses, and the resolved stress state in terms of shear stress and tensile/compression stress. The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under the loading fitting in Test Method I and over the area between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method I has a high shear stress component in the direction of loading, perpendicular to the axial fiber stress. Sufficient resolved shear stress is capable of producing failure by a shear mode rather than a simple tension/flexural failure. There is no comparable shear component in the central region between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method II simulates a u...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking load and calculated flexural strength of a rectangular cross section of a preformed block-type thermal insulation tested as a simple beam. It is also applicable to cellular plastics. Two test methods are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method I—A loading system utilizing center loading on a simply supported beam, supported at both ends.  
1.1.2 Test Method II—A loading system utilizing two symmetric load points equally spaced from their adjacent support points at each end with a distance between load points of one half of the support span.  
1.2 Either test method is capable of being used with the four procedures that follow:  
1.2.1 Procedure A—Designed principally for materials that break at comparatively small deflections.  
1.2.2 Procedure B—Designed particularly for those materials that undergo large deflections during testing.  
1.2.3 Procedure C—Designed for measuring at a constant stress rate, using a CRL (constant rate of loading) machine. Used for breaking load measurements only.  
1.2.4 Procedure D—Designed for measurements at a constant crosshead speed, using either a CRT (constant rate of traverse) or CRE (constant rate of extension) machine. Used for breaking load measurements using a fixed crosshead speed machine.  
1.3 Comparative tests are capable of being run according to either method or procedure, provided that the method or procedure is found satisfactory for the material being tested.  
1.4 These test methods are purposely general in order to accommodate the widely varying industry practices. It is important that the user consult the appropriate materials specification for any specific detailed requirements regarding these test methods.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Classification of insulation relative to flexibility or rigidity is useful in establishing installation and application characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for the classification of mineral fiber insulation as flexible, resilient flexible, semirigid, or rigid.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results shall not be used for design purposes. It is not suitable for board-type products.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dimensional measurements of the product thermal insulation are essential in determining compliance of a product with specification limits. Dimensional measurements of various test specimens are also required by the specific test method.  
5.2 Density measurements of the product insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits, and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation, some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density. In order to design for equipment supports, check the material for the “as received density” where the moisture content of the product as received and then installed may consequential.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dimensions and density of block and board insulation as defined in Terminology C168.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dimensional measurements of the product thermal insulation are essential in determining compliance of a product with specification limits. Dimensional measurements of various test specimens are also required by the specific test method.  
5.2 Density measurements of the product insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits, and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation, some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density. In order to design for equipment supports, check the material for the “as received density” where the moisture content of the product as received and then installed has the potential to be consequential.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the dimensions and density of block and board insulation as defined in Terminology C168.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline the particular points which have to be taken into account when applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular glass insulating block.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation for chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is possible that insulating blocks or boards that are not true or square will not fit properly. It is possible that extra labor will be required to obtain proper fit and that this could affect the product performance as well as the appearance of the finished installation.  
4.2 This test method provides terminology and describes locations for obtaining consistent measurements of trueness and squareness of blocks and boards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers locations for measuring the trueness and squareness of rigid block/board thermal insulation. This test method does not purport to address the variability in board thickness. Thickness is addressed in other ASTM standards.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Method A will be used primarily as a manufacturing quality control and field test method without the need for conditioning. For more accurate research purposes, conditioning shall be specified.  
4.2 Method B will be used, when specified, to determine the density at which insulation properties such as thermal resistance and placement coverage are to be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are applicable to granular loose fill insulation materials such as vermiculite and perlite. They are used for other insulation materials with similar flow and settling properties.  
1.2 Method A shall be used to determine bulk density.  
1.3 Method B shall be used to determine design density and, with Method A, is used to calculate percent loss of volume due to settling.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods contained in this document are intended for cellulosic fiber insulating board as described in Specification C208. These test methods examine mechanical, physical and thermal properties, properties related to water absorption and water vapor exposure, and flammability related properties.  
4.2 The results of these tests are suitable to describe the performance of insulating board and are also suitable for use in material specifications.
Note 1: Committee C-16 is in the process of splitting this document into discrete test methods categorized by the nature of the test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover those insulation products in specified Specification C208. The requirements for the products’ physical properties are specified in Specification C208. The methods for the general insulation products’ physical properties are given as follows:    
Section  
Thickness  
7  
Size of Finished Board  
8  
Thermal Conductivity  
9  
Transverse Strength  
10  
Deflection at Specified Minimum Load  
11  
Tensile Strength Parallel to Surface  
12  
Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Surface  
13  
Water Absorption  
14  
Linear Expansion  
15  
Water Vapor Transmission  
16  
Flame Spread Index  
17  
Moisture Content and Density  
18  
Compressive Strength  
19  
1.2 Reference is provided to an established source for nomenclature and definitions.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 Several of the test methods contained in this document are referenced by material specifications other than cellulosic fiber insulating board. These include mineral fiber, perlite, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene and phenolic materials.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Proper measurements of thickness and density of blanket or batt insulations are essential for determining thermal insulation properties. For a particular batt or blanket product, thickness and density are usually directly related to thermal insulating value.  
4.2 These test methods are of significant value in manufacturing quality control, to ensure that claimed insulation values of products are maintained.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thickness and density of flexible, felted, or woven thermal insulating blankets, rolls, or batts composed of fibrous materials, with or without surface covering or reinforcement.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.  
5.2 The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.  
5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.Note 1—For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft 2×°F/Btu) or higher.  
5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.  
5.5 The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.  
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.  
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Several test methods for measuring mass loss by abrasion and impact of preformed block-type and preformed pipe-covering-type thermal insulation have been used previously. It is believed that no single test method completely covers all factors involving such forces for different kinds of materials, but this test method is intended to provide a procedure that gives reproducible results. It is used for comparing the mass loss by tumbling before and after a specific treatment of the insulation, as agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the mass loss of preformed block-type and preformed pipe-covering-type thermal insulation as a result of a combination of abrasion and impact produced by a laboratory tumbling mechanism.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density measurements of preformed pipe insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density; however, on a density basis, these properties are not directly comparable with those for other kinds of material.  
5.2 The physical dimensions of preformed pipe insulation are important quantities not only for determining the density of the pipe insulation but also for determining the conformance to specifications. The use of multilayer insulations is common, and the dimensions are necessary to ensure proper nesting of the layers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dimensions and density, after conditioning, of preformed pipe insulation.  
1.1.1 Procedure A is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering or to sections of segmental pipe covering that can be joined together concentrically and measured as one-piece.  
1.1.2 Procedure B is applicable to segmental pipe covering where each section of material is measured.  
1.1.3 Procedure C is applicable to sections of one-piece pipe covering, such as soft foam or mineral wool materials, where it is possible to penetrate the material.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Blown density is used to develop loose-fill coverage charts. Data for blown density vs thickness is used in the development of a variable blown density presentation for loose-fill insulation.  
4.2 Thermal resistance (and conductivity) of loose-fill mineral fiber insulation depends on density and thickness. The resulting blown density data is useful in developing an expression for apparent thermal conductivity as a function of density. This will in turn aid the manufacturer in developing coverage information for packages of loose-fill insulation.  
4.3 The blown density obtained in this method is for the thickness of the test only. The relationship of blown density with thickness can be determined by repeating the procedures outlined here using different thicknesses.  
4.4 These procedures are not the same as the test method described in Test Method C1374. Depending on the test conditions utilized, the blown density may, or may not, represent the installed density values obtained by using Test Method C1374.  
4.5 This guide can be used to develop appropriate blowing machine settings to achieve a target blown density at a predetermined thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes two alternate procedures for determining blown density at a predetermined thickness or a range of thicknesses expected in field applications of mineral fiber loose-fill insulation.  
1.2 This guide involves blowing a sample of loose-fill insulation into a test frame of known volume, measuring the weight of the insulation captured and calculating the blown density.  
1.3 This guide is intended for pneumatically-applied loose-fill mineral fiber insulation designed for use in horizontal open attic spaces.  
1.4 This guide is intended for product design and product auditing by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation. This guide is adaptable as a plant quality control procedure.  
1.5 This guide does not predict the aged density of the mineral fiber loose-fill insulation.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods contained in this document are intended for cellulosic fiber insulating board as described in Specification C208. These test methods examine mechanical, physical and thermal properties, properties related to water absorption and water vapor exposure, and flammability related properties.  
4.2 The results of these tests may be used to describe the performance of insulating board and are suitable for use in material specifications.Note 1—Committee C-16 is in the process of splitting this document into discrete test methods categorized by the nature of the test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover those insulation products in specified Specification C208. The requirements for the products' physical properties are specified in Specification C208. The methods for the general insulation products' physical properties are given as follows:
Section  
Thickness  
7  
Size of Finished Board  
8  
Thermal Conductivity  
9  
Transverse Strength  
10  
Deflection at Specified Minimum Load  
11  
Tensile Strength Parallel to Surface  
12  
Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Surface  
13  
Water Absorption  
14  
Linear Expansion  
15  
Water Vapor Transmission  
16  
Flame Spread Index  
17  
Moisture Content and Density  
18  
Compressive Strength  
19
1.2 Reference is provided to an established source for nomenclature and definitions.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 Several of the test methods contained in this document are referenced by material specifications other than cellulosic fiber insulating board. These include mineral fiber, perlite, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene and phenolic materials.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In providing Procedures A and B, it is recognized that different types of thermal insulation will exhibit significantly different behavior under compressive load. Data must usually be obtained from a complete load-deformation curve, and the useful working range normally corresponds to only a portion of the curve. The user is cautioned against use of the product in the range beyond which the product is permanently damaged or properties are adversely affected.  
4.2 Load-deformation curves provide useful data for research and development, quality control, specification acceptance or rejection, and for other special purposes. Standard loading rates shall not be used arbitrarily for all purposes; the effects of impact, creep, fatigue, and repeated cycling must be considered. All load-deformation data shall be reviewed carefully for applicability prior to acceptance for use in engineering designs differing widely in load, load application rate, and material dimensions involved.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.  
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve, with or without an identifiable yield point as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid board or block-type insulations.
FIG. 1 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion with Definite Yield Point
FIG. 2 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion but no Definite Yield Point  
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in Fig. 3. Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations that have been compressed previously to at least the same deformation by compression packaging or mechanical softening.
FIG. 3 Procedure B—Increasing Stiffness  
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under Procedures A and B shall not hold in all cases. For example, some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and curves that change from negative to positive slope.  
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill insulations.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From a general standpoint, these test methods outline the particular points which have to be taken into account when applying ASTM standard test methods to the case of cellular glass insulating block.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of cellular glass insulation block for density, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength at ambient temperature; preparation for chemical analysis; and thermal conductivity measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Inorganic fibrous thermal insulation can contain varying amounts of non-fibrous material. Non-fibrous material does not contribute to the insulating value of the insulation and therefore a procedure for determining that amount is desirable. Several specifications refer to shot content and percent (%) retained on various screen sizes determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the non-fibrous content (shot) of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation. The procedure covers a dry sieve analysis method to distinguish between fiberized and non-fiberized (shot) portions of a specimen of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation specimen.
1.2 This test method does not apply to rock or slag materials containing any components other than rock and slag mineral fiber and organic thermal setting binders. Products containing other types of fibers, inorganic binders, or refractory clays are excluded.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Classification of insulation relative to flexibility or rigidity is useful in establishing installation and application characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for the classification of mineral fiber insulation as flexible, resilient flexible, semirigid, or rigid.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are to be used to determine the resistance of some types of preformed block insulation when transverse loads are normally applied to the surface. Values are measured at the maximum load or breaking point under specified conditions or specimen size, span between supports, and rate of load application. The equations used are based on the assumption that the materials are uniform and presume that the stress-strain characteristics below the elastic limit are linearly elastic. These assumptions are not strictly applicable to thermal insulations of certain types in which crushing occurs before failure is obtained in transverse bending; however, depending upon the accuracy required, these procedures are capable of providing acceptable results.
Test Method I is especially useful when testing only for the modulus of rupture or the breaking load. This information is useful for quality control inspection and qualification for specification purposes.  
Test Method II is useful in determining the elastic modulus in bending as well as the flexural strength. Flexural properties determined by these test methods are also useful for quality control and specification purposes.
The basic differences between the two test methods is in the location of the maximum bending moment, maximum axial fiber (flexural or tensile) stresses, and the resolved stress state in terms of shear stress and tensile/compression stress. The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under the loading fitting in Test Method I and over the area between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method I has a high shear stress component in the direction of loading, perpendicular to the axial fiber stress. Sufficient resolved shear stress is capable of producing failure by a shear mode rather than a simple tension/flexural failure. There is no comparable shear component in the central region between the loading fittings in Test Method II. Test Method II simulates a uniformly loaded b...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the breaking load and calculated flexural strength of a rectangular cross section of a preformed block-type thermal insulation tested as a simple beam. It is also applicable to cellular plastics. Two test methods are described as follows:  
1.1.1  Test Method I—A loading system utilizing center loading on a simply supported beam, supported at both ends.
1.1.2  Test Method II—A loading system utilizing two symmetric load points equally spaced from their adjacent support points at each end with a distance between load points of one half of the support span.
1.2 Either test method is capable of being used with the four procedures that follow:
1.2.1 Procedure A— Designed principally for materials that break at comparatively small deflections.  
1.2.2 Procedure B— Designed particularly for those materials that undergo large deflections during testing.
1.2.3 Procedure C— Designed for measuring at a constant stress rate, using a CRL (constant rate of loading) machine. Used for breaking load measurements only.
1.2.4 Procedure D— Designed for measurements at a constant crosshead speed, using either a CRT (constant rate of traverse) or CRE (constant rate of extension) machine. Used for breaking load measurements using a fixed crosshead speed machine.
1.3 Comparative tests are capable of being run according to either method or procedure, provided that the method or procedure is found satisfactory for the material being tested.
1.4 These test methods are purposely general in order to accommodate the widely varying industry practices. It is important that the user consult the appropriate materials specification for any specific detailed requirements regarding these test methods.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tensile strength is a fundamental property associated with mineral fiber manufacture since it is influenced by the type of fiber, the deposition of fiber, the type and the amount of bonding agent, and the method of curing the resin to form a bonded insulation product. The test is an indication of product integrity and the ability of the product to be successfully handled and applied in the field.
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1.1 This test method covers evaluation of strength in tension on mineral fiber batt- and blanket-type insulation products. It is useful for determining the comparative tensile properties of these products, specimens of which cannot be held by the more conventional clamp-type grips. This is a quality control method, and the results should not be used for design purposes. It is not normally used for board-type products.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Method A will be used primarily as a manufacturing quality control and field test method without the need for conditioning. For more accurate research purposes, conditioning shall be specified.
Method B will be used, when specified, to determine the density at which insulation properties such as thermal resistance and placement coverage are to be determined.
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1.1 These test methods are applicable to granular loose fill insulation materials such as vermiculite and perlite. They are used for other insulation materials with similar flow and settling properties.
1.2 Method A shall be used to determine bulk density.
1.3 Method B shall be used to determine design density and, with Method A, is used to calculate percent loss of volume due to settling.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Dimensional measurements of the product thermal insulation are essential in determining compliance of a product with specification limits. Dimensional measurements of various test specimens are also required by the specific test method.
Density measurements of the product insulation are useful in determining compliance of a product with specification limits, and in providing a relative gage of product weights. For any one kind of insulation, some important physical and mechanical properties, such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, strength, etc., bear a specific relationship with its density. In order to design for equipment supports, check the material for the “as received density” where the moisture content of the product as received and then installed may consequential.
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the dimensions and density of block and board insulation as defined in Terminology C168.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Insulating blocks or boards that are not true or square may not fit properly. Extra labor may be required to obtain proper fit and may affect the product performance as well as the appearance of the finished installation.
This test method provides terminology and describes locations for obtaining consistent measurements of trueness and squareness of blocks and boards.
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1.1 This test method covers locations for measuring the trueness and squareness of rigid block/board thermal insulation. This test method does not purport to address the variability in board thickness. Thickness is addressed in other ASTM standards.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.
The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.
For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
Note 1—For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft2×°F/Btu) or higher.
Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.
The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Insulating blocks or boards that are not true or square may not fit properly. Extra labor may be required to obtain proper fit and may affect the product performance as well as the appearance of the finished installation.
This test method provides terminology and describes locations for obtaining consistent measurements of trueness and squareness of blocks and boards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers locations for measuring the trueness and squareness of rigid block/board thermal insulation. This test method does not purport to address the variability in board thickness. Thickness is addressed in other ASTM standards.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Inorganic fibrous thermal insulation can contain varying amounts of non-fibrous material. Non-fibrous material does not contribute to the insulating value of the insulation and therefore a procedure for determining that amount is desirable. Several specifications refer to shot content and percent (%) retained on various screen sizes determined by this test method.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the non-fibrous content (shot) of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation. The procedure covers a dry sieve analysis method to distinguish between fiberized and non-fiberized (shot) portions of a specimen of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation specimen.
1.2 This test method does not apply to rock or slag materials containing any components other than rock and slag mineral fiber and organic thermal setting binders. Products containing other types of fibers, inorganic binders, or refractory clays are excluded.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.