ASTM F1413-92(1999)

Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and helicopters or airplanes.
1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant application systems. One is on design, one on calibration, one on deposition measurements, and one on the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recommended.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Oct-1999
• ICS: 21.260 - Lubrication systems
• Technical Committee: F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
• Drafting Committee: F20.13 - Treatment

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM F1413-07 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F1460/F1460M-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F1413–92(Reapproved 1999)
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and
Nozzle Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 Airplanes—Mounting of spray booms on aircraft is
subject to federal regulation. Each installation or modification
1.1 Thisguidecoversdesigncriteria,requirements,material
requires approval.
characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant
2.3.1 Nozzles may not be necessary on aircraft flying at
applicationsystems.Thisguideisnotintendedtoberestrictive
speeds greater than 220 km/h (120 knots or 135 mph) because
to a specific configuration.
the wind shear alone can produce the required droplet sizes.
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and
Pressure-activated check valves must be used to eliminate
nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire
drainage during nonspraying transits. In order to minimize the
monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.
effectsofwindshear,nozzlesshouldbeorientedaft(180°from
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and
the direction of flight).
helicopters or airplanes.
2.4 Helicopters—Systems may consist of spray booms with
1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant applica-
nozzles and pump/tank assemblies directly attached to the
tion systems. One is on design, one on calibration, one on
helicopter or a bucket system slung below the helicopter.
deposition measurements, and one on the use of the systems.
2.4.1 The bucket system consists of a tank and pump
Familiarity with all four guides is recommended.
assembly to which spray booms with nozzles are attached.The
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
assembly is supported from the helicopter by a cable system
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and is remotely-controlled from the helicopter cabin. An
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
indication of dispersant flow is required in the helicopter
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cockpit. The bucket must be stabilized against rotation, yaw,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and sway.
2. Equipment Description
3. Minimum Equipment Performance Specifications
2.1 General—Oilspilldispersantspraysystemsincludeone
3.1 Target Dosage—Oil spill dispersant spray equipment
or more booms with nozzles to form droplets, a pumping or
shall provide a dispersant dosage of between 20 to 100 L per
pressure system to deliver dispersants to the boom, and
hectare (2 to 10 U.S. gal per acre).
associated piping and valving. All systems shall include a
3.2 Droplet Size Distribution—The droplet size distribution
dispersant flow meter and a pressure gauge. All systems shall
of the dispersant reaching the target shall have a Volume
be equipped with provision for cleaning and drainage.
Median Diameter (VMD) of 300 to 500 µm. The volume
2.2 Ship/Boat—Each boom holding nozzles shall be de-
median diameter is a means of expressing droplet size in terms
signed to be mounted near the bow of the vessel so that the
of the volume of liquid sprayed. The median volume diameter
spray is uniformly deposited on the slick surface. Spray units
droplet size, when measured in terms of volume, is a value
can be portable or fixed. Flow correction or straightener
where50%ofthetotalvolumeofliquidsprayedismadeupof
devices, to ensure laminar flow, shall precede the nozzles.
droplets with diameters larger than the median value and 50%
System components should be designed to give a uniform
smaller than the median value. Droplets having diameters
droplet spray as described in this guide. The spray pattern
lesser than approximately 300 µm have a lower probability of
shouldbeflatandstrikethewaterinalineperpendiculartothe
hittingthetargetbecauseofexcessivewinddrift.Particleswith
vessel’s line of travel. The nozzle spray angle should be such
diameters greater than 500 µm have a high probability of
that spray from adjacent nozzles overlap just above the water.
penetrating through the oil slick to the water surface.
3.3 Maximum Delivery Variation Over Swath Width—The
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-20 on Hazardous
equipment shall be capable of delivering dispersant with a
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
maximumdeliveryvarianceof10%overtheswathwidth.The
F20.13 on Treatment.
Current edition approved June 15, 1992. Published August 1992.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F1413
swath width is defined as the length between the points at 4.2.2 Air Shear—In addition to the nozzle shear rate calcu-
which the delivery drops below 90% of the design. lations shown, aircraft dispersant application systems should
bedesignedtooptimizedropletsizedistributionbyminimizing
4. Equipment Design the differential between the speed of the aircraft and the
dispersant exit speed. Differential speed should be less than 60
4.1 DispersantInjectionRate—Thedispersantinjectionrate
m/s (200 ft/s) in order to ensure close to 100% deposition
(for undiluted or neat application, the dispersant injection rate
within the swath width.
is equal to the pump rate) must be sufficient to produce the
4.2.2.1 Differential speed shall be verified using the follow-
required dosage.
ing Eqs:
4.1.1 Dispersant injection rate (DIR) should be verified
using the following Eqs: SD 5SA 2 ~0.212·FN/d !
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