ASTM F1413-07
(Guide)Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems
Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems
ABSTRACT
This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems, it covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles for use on boats or ships and helicopters or airplane. The equipment description, equipment minimum performance specification, and equipment design are presented in details. Materials on ship or boat systems should be corrosion-resistant to salt water. All materials that come into contact with dispersants should be compatible with that dispersant.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and helicopters or airplanes.
1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant application systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, one on calibration, one on deposition measurements, and one on the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recommended.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM F1413-07 is a guide published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems, it covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles for use on boats or ships and helicopters or airplane. The equipment description, equipment minimum performance specification, and equipment design are presented in details. Materials on ship or boat systems should be corrosion-resistant to salt water. All materials that come into contact with dispersants should be compatible with that dispersant. SCOPE 1.1 This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration. 1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns. 1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and helicopters or airplanes. 1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant application systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, one on calibration, one on deposition measurements, and one on the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recommended. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ABSTRACT This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems, it covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles for use on boats or ships and helicopters or airplane. The equipment description, equipment minimum performance specification, and equipment design are presented in details. Materials on ship or boat systems should be corrosion-resistant to salt water. All materials that come into contact with dispersants should be compatible with that dispersant. SCOPE 1.1 This guide covers design criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration. 1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns. 1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and helicopters or airplanes. 1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant application systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, one on calibration, one on deposition measurements, and one on the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recommended. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ASTM F1413-07 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 21.260 - Lubrication systems. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM F1413-07 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM F1413-92(1999), ASTM F1413-07(2013), ASTM F1460/F1460M-18(2022). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: F1413 − 07
StandardGuide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and
Nozzle Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1413; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 This guide provides information for designing and
specifying dispersant spray application equipment to obtain
1.1 Thisguidecoversdesigncriteria,requirements,material
optimal application rates. These include specifications for
characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant
minimum equipment performance, equations for estimating
applicationsystems.Thisguideisnotintendedtoberestrictive
operational parameters, material considerations, and a list of
to a specific configuration.
information to be provided to the equipment purchaser.
1.2 This guide covers spray systems employing booms and
nozzles and is not fully applicable to other systems such as fire
4. Equipment Description
monitors, sonic distributors, or fan-spray guns.
4.1 General—Oil spill dispersant spray systems include one
1.3 This guide covers systems for use on ships or boats and
or more booms with nozzles to form droplets, a pumping or
helicopters or airplanes.
pressure system to deliver dispersants to the boom, and
1.4 This guide is one of four related to dispersant applica-
associated piping and valving. All systems shall include a
tion systems using booms and nozzles. One is on design, one
dispersant flow meter and a pressure gauge. All systems shall
oncalibration,oneondepositionmeasurements,andoneonthe
be equipped with provision for cleaning and drainage.
use of the systems. Familiarity with all four guides is recom-
4.2 Ship/Boat—Each boom holding nozzles shall be de-
mended.
signed to be mounted near the bow of the vessel so that the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
spray is uniformly deposited on the slick surface. Spray units
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
can be portable or fixed. Flow correction or straightener
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
devices, to ensure laminar flow, shall precede the nozzles.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
System components should be designed to give a uniform
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
droplet spray as described in this guide. The spray pattern
shouldbeflatandstrikethewaterinalineperpendiculartothe
2. Referenced Documents
vessel’s line of travel. The nozzle spray angle should be such
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that spray from adjacent nozzles overlap just above the water.
F1460Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill DispersantApplica-
4.3 Airplanes—Mounting of spray booms on aircraft is
tion Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
subject to federal regulation. Each installation or modification
F1738Test Method for Determination of Deposition of
requires approval.
Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
4.3.1 Nozzles may not be necessary on aircraft flying at
3. Significance and Use
speeds greater than 220 km/h (120 knots or 135 mph) because
the wind shear alone can produce the required droplet sizes.
3.1 This guide will enable design of oil spill dispersant
Pressure-activated check valves must be used to eliminate
application equipment using boom and nozzle systems and
drainage during nonspraying transits. In order to minimize the
ensureadesireddosageanduniformityacrosstheswathwidth.
effectsofwindshear,nozzlesshouldbeorientedaft(180°from
the direction of flight).
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.4 Helicopters—Systems may consist of spray booms with
F20.13 on Treatment.
nozzles and pump/tank assemblies directly attached to the
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
helicopter or a bucket system slung below the helicopter.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F1413–92 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/F1413-07.
4.4.1 The bucket system consists of a tank and pump
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
assembly to which spray booms with nozzles are attached.The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
assembly is supported from the helicopter by a cable system
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and is remotely-controlled from the helicopter cabin. An
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1413 − 07
indication of dispersant flow is required in the helicopter Shear has two components, nozzle shear rate and air shear.Air
cockpit. The bucket must be stabilized against rotation, yaw, shearisonlyimportantforaircraftflyingatspeedsgreaterthan
and sway. 150 km/h (80 knots or 100 mph).
6.2.1 Nozzle Shear Rate—In order to achieve the desired
5. Minimum Equipment Performance Specifications
droplet size, nozzle shear rate should not exceed 10000
−1
5.1 Target Dosage—Oil spill dispersant spray equipment
reciprocal seconds (s ) for aircraft systems and 2000 recipro-
shall provide a dispersant dosage of between 20 to 100 L per
cal seconds for ship or boat systems. Nozzle shear can be
hectare (2 to 10 U.S. gal per acre).
calculated using the following Eqs:
5.2 Droplet Size Distribution—The droplet size distribution 3
SR 5 16.7·FN/d (3)
of the dispersant reaching the target shall have a Volume
where:
Median Diameter (VMD) of 300 to 500 µm. The volume
−1
SR = shear rate in reciprocal seconds (s ),
median diameter is a means of expressing droplet size in terms
FN = average flow rate per nozzle in L/min (calculated
of the volume of liquid sprayed. The median volume diameter
from total flow (dispersant and water) divided by the
droplet size, when measured in terms of volume, is a value
number of nozzles), and
where50%ofthetotalvolumeofliquidsprayedismadeupof
d = the diameter of the nozzle orifice in cm.
droplets with diameters larger than the median value and 50%
smaller than the median value. Droplets having diameters
Or equivalently in U.S. units:
lesser than approximately 300 µm have a lower probability of
SR 5 3.85·FN/d (4)
hittingthetargetbecauseofexcessiv
...
Le standard ASTM F1413-07 est un guide essentiel pour les systèmes d'application de dispersants en cas de déversement d'hydrocarbures, en se concentrant sur les équipements de type boom et buse. La portée de ce document est bien définie, englobant les critères de conception, les exigences, les caractéristiques des matériaux et les fonctionnalités essentielles des systèmes d'application. L'un des principaux atouts de ce guide est sa capacité à s'adapter à diverses configurations de systèmes de pulvérisation, notamment ceux utilisés sur des bateaux, des navires, des hélicoptères ou des avions. Cela permet une flexibilité et une adaptation aux différentes situations de déversement d'hydrocarbures, rendant le standard pertinent pour une large gamme d'utilisateurs et d'opérateurs. Un autre point fort de l'ASTM F1413-07 est l'attention portée aux matériaux. Il est spécifiquement mentionné que les matériaux utilisés pour les systèmes maritimes doivent être résistants à la corrosion causée par l'eau salée, garantissant ainsi la durabilité et l'efficacité des équipements dans des environnements difficiles. De plus, le fait que tous les matériaux en contact avec les dispersants doivent être compatibles avec ces produits chimiques est crucial pour éviter des réactions indésirables et garantir une application sûre. Ce document est également un élément clé dans un ensemble de quatre guides liés aux systèmes d'application de dispersants, ce qui souligne son importance dans le cadre plus large des meilleures pratiques en matière d'application de dispersants. Chaque guide, y compris celui-ci, aborde des aspects spécifiques, tels que la conception, l'étalonnage, les mesures de dépôt et l'utilisation des systèmes. Une familiarité avec l'ensemble de ces documents est fortement recommandée pour une compréhension complète des normes d'application. En somme, le standard ASTM F1413-07 se révèle être un outil précieux pour les professionnels engagés dans la lutte contre les déversements d'hydrocarbures. Sa portée, ses forces en matière de durabilité matérielle et son intégration dans un cadre de guides connexes contribuent à sa pertinence dans ce domaine crucial.
ASTM F1413-07 표준은 오일 유출 분산제 적용 장비, 특히 붐 및 노즐 시스템에 대한 포괄적인 가이드를 제공합니다. 이 문서는 오일 유출 분산제 적용 시스템의 설계 기준, 요구 사항, 재료 특성 및 필수 기능을 다루며, 보트, 선박, 헬리콥터 또는 비행기에서 사용되는 스프레이 시스템을 포함하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 재료에 대한 구체적인 요구 사항입니다. 해수에 대한 내식성이 있는 재료를 사용하여, 장비의 내구성과 효율성을 높이는데 기여합니다. 또한, 분산제와 접촉하는 모든 재료는 호환성이 있어야 한다는 점은 실제 적용에서의 신뢰성을 보장합니다. 이러한 요소들은 환경 보호 및 응급 상황에서의 빠른 대응 능력을 향상시키는데 필수적입니다. ASTM F1413-07은 특정 구성에 제한되지 않고, 다양한 플로우 시스템에 대한 유연성을 제공합니다. 이는 여러 종류의 선박 및 항공기에서의 다양성과 적응성을 보장하며, 각각의 사용자에게 적합한 맞춤형 솔루션을 찾을 수 있도록 합니다. 문서 내에서 제안하는 최소 성능 사양은 사용자가 장비를 구매하고 운영함에 있어 필요한 기본 기준을 설정해 줍니다. 또한, 이 표준은 붐 및 노즐을 사용하는 분산제 적용 시스템과 관련된 다른 세 가지 가이드와 함께 고려되어야 하며, 이러한 통합적인 접근은 전체 시스템의 효율성을 높이는 데 기여합니다. 그러나 사용자는 이 표준이 모든 안전 문제를 다루고 있지 않음을 인지해야 하며, 적절한 안전 및 건강 관행을 설정하고 규제 제한의 적용 가능성을 판단할 책임이 있습니다. 이러한 측면에서 ASTM F1413-07 표준은 오일 유출에 대한 신속하고 효과적인 대응을 위한 강력한 기반을 제공하며, 환경 보호 및 안전하게 작업할 수 있는 조건을 마련하는 데 있어 매우 중요한 역할을 합니다.
Die Norm ASTM F1413-07 bietet umfassende Leitlinien für die Anwendung von Ölbekämpfungsmitteln mittels speziellen Equipment-Systemen, einschließlich Booms und Düsensystemen. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm ist klar definiert: Sie behandelt die Entwurfsanforderungen, Materialeigenschaften und essenzielle Merkmale von Dispersionsanlagen im maritimen Umfeld wie auf Schiffen oder Booten sowie in der Luftfahrt, insbesondere bei Hubschraubern und Flugzeugen. Dies stellt sicher, dass alle beschriebenen Systeme für die spezifischen Bedingungen und Anforderungen, denen sie ausgesetzt sind, geeignet und sicher sind. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist der Fokus auf korrosionsbeständige Materialien, die für den Einsatz in salzwasserhaltigen Umgebungen erforderlich sind. Diese Anforderung ist entscheidend, um die Langlebigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit der Systeme während der praktischen Anwendung zu gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus gibt die Norm klare Mindestleistungsanforderungen und technische Spezifikationen vor, die es den Anwendern ermöglichen, die Eignung der Ausrüstung zu bewerten und sicherzustellen, dass diese mit den verwendeten Dispersionsmitteln kompatibel ist. Die ASTM F1413-07 bietet einen integrativen Ansatz, indem sie den Nutzern nicht nur spezifische technische Details zur Verfügung stellt, sondern auch die Notwendigkeit unterstreicht, mit den anderen drei verwandten Leitfäden, die sich mit Design, Kalibrierung sowie Messungen der Ablagerung befassen, vertraut zu sein. Dies fördert ein umfassendes Verständnis und eine erfolgreiche Implementierung von Dispersionssystemen. Darüber hinaus ist es von Bedeutung, dass die Norm darauf hinweist, dass sie nicht alle Sicherheitsbedenken abdeckt, die möglicherweise bei der Anwendung auftreten können. Daher obliegt es dem Anwender, geeignete Sicherheits- und Gesundheitspraktiken zu etablieren und die Anwendbarkeit gesetzlicher Einschränkungen vor der Nutzung sorgfältig zu prüfen. Diese Verantwortung stellt sicher, dass die Anwender proaktiv mit potenziellen Risiken umgehen. Insgesamt ist die ASTM F1413-07 eine wichtige Ressource für die Gestaltung und Anwendung von Ölbekämpfungssystemen. Ihre klar definierten Kriterien und Anforderungen tragen wesentlich dazu bei, die Effektivität der Ölbekämpfungsmaßnahmen auf Schiffen, Booten sowie in der Luftfahrt zu verbessern und die Auswirkungen von Ölverschmutzungen auf die marine Umwelt zu minimieren.
ASTM F1413-07は、油流出防止剤の適用システムに関する包括的なガイドラインを提供する標準であり、その範囲と強みは非常に重要です。この標準は、設計基準、要求事項、材料特性、そして必須機能をカバーしており、具体的にはブームとノズルを使用したスプレーシステムに焦点を当てています。船舶やヘリコプター、航空機での使用を想定した設計がなされており、非常に実用的です。 このガイドは、特定の構成に制限されない柔軟性を持っているため、さまざまな用途や状況に応じて適用可能です。具体的には、海水に対する耐腐食性を持つ材料の使用が推奨されており、流出防止剤と直接接触するすべての材料が、その流出防止剤と相性が良いことが求められます。これは、効果的かつ安全な運用に寄与する重要な要素です。 ASTM F1413-07は、流出防止剤の適用システムに関連する4つのガイドの一部であり、設計、キャリブレーション、堆積測定、システムの使用に関するガイドがあります。これらのガイドすべてに精通していることが推奨されており、油流出対策に対する総合的な理解を深めることができます。 ただし、この標準自体は使用時の安全性に関連するすべての問題に対処するものではないため、ユーザーは適切な安全および健康管理を確立し、規制の制限の適用性を確認する責任があります。この点も含め、ASTM F1413-07は現場での実践において非常に重宝されるとともに、流出防止の分野において確かな指針を提供するものであり、その重要性は計り知れません。
The ASTM F1413-07 standard, titled "Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Boom and Nozzle Systems," provides a comprehensive framework for the design and implementation of oil spill dispersant application systems. This standard is particularly relevant for those involved in marine environmental management, offering in-depth guidance on the essential features and material characteristics required for effective dispersant application. One key strength of ASTM F1413-07 is its detailed coverage of design criteria, ensuring that users are well-informed about the necessary specifications for oil spill dispersant equipment. The standard emphasizes the importance of using corrosion-resistant materials suitable for marine conditions, which is critical for maintaining equipment longevity and effectiveness in such challenging environments. Furthermore, the guidance on material compatibility with dispersants ensures that the equipment operates efficiently without adverse chemical reactions, thus enhancing the performance of the dispersant application system. The scope of ASTM F1413-07 is notably inclusive, catering to various application systems utilized on ships, boats, helicopters, and airplanes. This flexibility is a significant advantage, as it allows for the standard's application across a wide range of operational scenarios and configurations. Additionally, linking this guide to three other related standards on design, calibration, and deposition measurements highlights the relevance of a holistic approach to dispersant application. This interconnectedness serves as a robust foundation for users to fully understand and implement oil spill response strategies. Moreover, the standard's non-restrictive nature regarding specific configurations is a notable strength, encouraging innovation and adaptability in equipment design while providing a solid base of best practices. However, it is important to acknowledge that the standard does not cover safety concerns comprehensively, placing the onus on users to assess their safety practices and regulatory compliance. In summary, ASTM F1413-07 is a pertinent resource in the realm of oil spill response, offering critical guidance on dispersant application equipment while promoting safe and effective practices in environmental management. It stands out for its detail, flexibility, and relevance in enhancing the capabilities of response teams dealing with oil spill incidents.
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