ASTM E657-95

Test Method for Comparative Acute and Long-Term Oral or Gustatory Avian Repellency (Withdrawn 2000)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the intensity and duration of the aversive response of birds to chemical repellents.
1.2 No published methodology exists for determining intensity and duration of an aversive response caused by a chemical bird repellent.
1.3 Because the feeding habits of birds conflict with man's need for food, many control methods have been devised to minimize the competition between birds and man. Chemical repellents applied to planted seeds and ripening crops represent one method of bird damage control.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-1995
• Withdrawal Date: 09-Oct-2000
• ICS: 65.020.20 - Plant growing
• Technical Committee: E35 - Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 657 – 95
Standard Test Method for
Comparative Acute and Long-Term Oral or Gustatory Avian
Repellency
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 657; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The development of laboratory test methods for measuring the aversive response of birds to various
gustatory chemical repellents has been slow and sporadic. Although single- and multiple-choice
methods have been adapted or designed to study the acute aversion induced by chemical repellents,
none have been specifically designed to delineate the results of repeated repellent exposure on the
intensity or duration of the aversive response. This is a simple laboratory technique to test this
response in a variety of avian species.
1. Scope 3.2 The measurement of performance for oral or gustatory
avian repellents is based on the degree of acceptance or
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the intensity
rejection displayed by the same birds, over time, when the
and duration of the aversive response of birds to chemical
agent is offered as a component of their normal or preferred
repellents.
food.
1.2 No published methodology exists for determining the
3.3 This test method describes the use of a single-choice test
intensity and duration of an aversive response caused by a
procedure that can be repeated, over time, to monitor repellent
chemical bird repellent.
effects.
1.3 Because the feeding habits of birds conflict with man’s
need for food, many control methods have been devised to
4. Equipment, Supplies, and Environmental Conditions
minimize the competition between birds and man. Chemical
4.1 Test cages or other facilities used in all tests should be
repellents applied to planted seeds and ripening crops represent
designed to allow free movement of the test bird and free
one method of bird damage control.
access to food and water.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1.1 Test cages should have solid sides, and minimum
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dimensions of 17.5 cm wide by 25 cm long by 17.5 cm deep for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
birds with a total length of #17.5 cm. Cages for larger birds
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
should be proportionately larger in all dimensions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.2 Metal 14 by 18-mesh hardware cloth should be
2. Referenced Documents securely attached to the inside floor surface so that no food will
be lost through the bottom of the cage; or a means should be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
provided so that food and feces can be collected and readily
E 551 Test Methods for Developing Effective Bird Control
separated.
Chemicals
4.1.3 Food containers should not cover more than 10 % of
E 555 Practice for Determining Acute Oral LD50 for Test-
the available floor space, be capable of holding a minimum of
ing Vertebrate Control Agents
100 g of food, and be attached to the cage so that they cannot
3. Summary of Test Method
be easily upset or food spilled outside the cage.
4.1.4 Water should be provided, ad libitum, from a self-
3.1 The strength and duration of an aversive response
contained, 50-ml (minimum capacity) external waterer.
induced by a chemical repellent is measured by monitoring the
4.2 The test food should be a single, readily available,
repellent test performance of birds over a period of time.
normal or preferred food of the test species.
4.2.1 Food particles should be of uniform size and weight
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-35 on
¯
(X6 25 %). Particles should weigh between 0.03 to 0.1 % of
Pesticides and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E35.17 on Vertebrate
the weight of the test bird.
Control Agents.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
4.2.2 Food particles should have no external coverings
e1
published as E 657 – 78. Last previous edition E 657 – 78 (1989) .
(hulls, etc.) not consumed by the bird.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 657
4.3 Application of Test Chemicals to Food: 6.1.4 Repeat this conditioning test three additional times,
4.3.1 Chemicals soluble in acetone are dissolved in 10 ml of with not less than 2 nor more than 3 days between successive
acetone in a 450-ml round glass jar to which 100 g of test food tests.
is added. The surfaces of the individual particles are coated by 6.1.5 During the 2 or 3 days between successive tests, return
swirling the food particles in the jar and venting in a hood or
birds to their communal cages and allow free access to food
well-ventilated area, until the acetone is completely evapo- (5.5) and water.
rated.
6.2 Repellent Exposure:
4.3.2 Chemicals insoluble in acetone are pulverized in a
6.2.1 Individually cage birds (4.1) and offer 25 treated food
mortar and pestle with 10 ml of acetone and added directly to
particles over an 18-h test period (
...