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ASTM F1656-01

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States (Withdrawn 2010)

Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States (Withdrawn 2010)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide summarizes required course components to be included in training programs for oil spill response personnel. Its purpose is to assist trainers in developing curricula that address the health and safety risks specific to oil spill response. This guide may be tailored by the trainer to fit unique circumstances that are present if training is conducted during an actual spill emergency and is not intended to preclude consideration of regulatory requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum health and safety training standards for three types of oil spill responders: Type  A, first responders who are responsible for initial containment and cleanup; Type B, longer-term shoreline cleanup personnel; and Type C, other necessary support personnel who have minimal contact with the contamination.
1.2 The oil covered by this guide includes light, medium, and heavy crudes, as well as hydrocarbon products, such as gasoline, light fuel oil, distillates, and bunker (heavy fuel) oil. It is not aimed at specialty chemicals and other potentially hazardous materials, although some aspects of the training program would apply to those substances.
1.3 A number of topics are not specifically addressed in this guide because they are covered by other standards or guidelines. Examples are hot work practices, maintenance and repair of equipment, fire fighting, electrical hazards, emergency medical care, disposal of wastes, and so forth. The user is expected to become familiar with standards for these areas as required.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide establishes minimum health and safety training standards for three types of oil spill responders: Type A, first responders who are responsible for initial containment and cleanup; Type B, longer-term shoreline cleanup personnel; and Type C, other necessary support personnel who have minimal contact with the contamination.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response, this guide was withdrawn in January 2010 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
09-Oct-2001
Withdrawal Date
28-Jan-2010
ICS
13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
Technical Committee
F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
Drafting Committee
F20.21 - Initial Response Actions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1656-95 - Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States
Effective Date
10-Oct-2001

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ASTM F1656-01 - Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States (Withdrawn 2010)ASTM F1656-01 - Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States (Withdrawn 2010)
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ASTM F1656-01 - Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States (Withdrawn 2010)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:F1656–01
Standard Guide for
Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the
1
United States
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1656; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope General Requirements for Hazard Assessment and Train-
ing
1.1 This guide establishes minimum health and safety train-
Title29, CodeofFederalRegulations(CFR),1910.133,Eye
ing standards for three types of oil spill responders: Type A,
and Face Protection
first responders who are responsible for initial containment and
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.134,
cleanup; Type B, longer-term shoreline cleanup personnel; and
Respiratory Protection
Type C, other necessary support personnel who have minimal
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.135,
contact with the contamination.
Head Protection
1.2 The oil covered by this guide includes light, medium,
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.136,
and heavy crudes, as well as hydrocarbon products, such as
Foot Protection
gasoline, light fuel oil, distillates, and bunker (heavy fuel) oil.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.138,
It is not aimed at specialty chemicals and other potentially
Hand Protection
hazardous materials, although some aspects of the training
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.146,
program would apply to those substances.
Permit-Required Confined Spaces
1.3 Anumber of topics are not specifically addressed in this
Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 154, Subpart
guide because they are covered by other standards or guide-
F, Response Plans for Oil Facilities
lines. Examples are hot work practices, maintenance and repair
Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 155, Subpart
of equipment, fire fighting, electrical hazards, emergency
D, Response Plans
medical care, disposal of wastes, and so forth. The user is
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 300, National
expected to become familiar with standards for these areas as
Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency
required.
Plan (NCP)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.1 area contingency plan—provides the initial govern-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mental organization structure and mode of operation for the
2. Referenced Documents spillresponse.IntheUnitedStates,itispreparedinadvanceby
2 the area committee and applicable state and local response
2.1 U.S. Federal Regulations:
officials in accordance with 40 CFR 300, NCP.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.120
3.1.2 buddy system—a requirement of 29 CFR 1910.120
Regulations for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emer-
that response personnel must work within sight/
gency Response (HAZWOPER)
communication of a partner at all times.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.132,
3.1.3 cold (support) zone—minimal exposure area main-
tained as an uncontaminated location for support functions.
1 Food service, clean equipment storage, and financial offices are
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
examples of a cold zone. Operations in this area are generally
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.21 on Initial Response Actions.
carried out by Type C personnel.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originally
3.1.4 confined space—an enclosed space or area, such as a
published as F1656 - 95. Last previous edition F1656 - 95. DOI: 10.1520/F1656-01.
2
tank, compartment, or pit where ventilation or access, or both,
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402. may be limited (refer to 29 CFR 1910.146).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1656–01
TABLE 1 Oil Spill Response Worker Categories
3.1.5 hot (early response) zone—an area where there are
potential exposure hazards. Type A workers are involved in Type A—Hot-Zone Personnel
containment and recovery operations in this zone. Airborne
Response managers
Supervisors
concentrationsofhazardoussubstancesmayrequirerespiratory
Equipment operators
protection in addition to other personal prot
...

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5.1 This guide is intended to provide a systematic approach for the application and execution of early actions for purposes of remediating both hazardous and non-hazardous contamination. Iterative development of a CSM is fundamental to the use of this guide.  
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1.1 The purpose of this guide is to assist practitioners in the development, selection, design, and implementation of interim, short-term, or early action remedies undertaken at sites of waste contamination for the purpose of managing, controlling, or reducing risk posed by environmental site contamination. Early action remedies and strategies are applicable to the management of other regulatory processes (for example, state underground storage tank (UST) programs are equally applicable) in addition to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)/National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contigency Plan (NCP) process. This guide identifies and describes a standard process, technical requirements, information needs, benefits, and strategy for early actions.  
1.2 This guide is applicable to both nonhazardous and hazardous sites of contamination as defined by CERCLA as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1986.  
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ASTM E1499-16(2023)(Guide)
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5.1 The term appearance (see 3.2.1) implies the essential presence of human visual observations. The results of visual observation involve not only the step of observing, accomplished by the eye, but also the inseparable step of interpretation in the brain. Instrumental test methods currently cannot duplicate this second step, and therefore can now only approximate, but not fully measure, appearance. Such instrumental measures of appearance properties are useful only to the extent that they can be correlated to the results of visual observations by observers of the appearance phenomena being evaluated.  
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4.1 This guide includes chromates that are not readily soluble in water and that have water solubilities (Chromate ION) within the range of the more soluble calcium chromate and the much less soluble lead chromate. The major occupations involving potential exposure to insoluble chromates are in roasting of chromite ore, the manufacture of chromate pigments, the manufacture of coatings containing chromate pigments, and spray painting with these coatings. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that trivalent chromium compounds are carcinogenic.
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5.1 This test procedure is used to determine the individual concentrations of the PAH compounds in the EU-8 list extracted from carbon black by the means of a Soxhlet extraction apparatus with toluene.
SCOPE
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5.1 The procedures in this practice support the determination of the burn hazard potential for a heated surface. These procedures provide an estimate of the maximum skin contact temperature and must be used in conjunction with Guide C1055 to evaluate the surface hazard potential.  
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5.3 These procedures serve as an estimate for the skin contact temperatures which might occur for the “average” individual. Unusual conditions of exposure, incorrect design assumptions, subject health conditions, or unforeseen operating conditions will potentially negate the validity of the estimations.  
5.4 These procedures are limited to direct contact exposure only. Conditions of personal exposure to periods of high ambient temperatures, direct flame exposure, or high radiant fluxes will potentially cause human injury in periods other than determined herein. Evaluation of exposures other than direct contact are beyond the scope of this practice.  
5.5 Cold Surface Exposure—No consensus criteria exists for the destruction of skin cells by freezing. If, at some future time, such criteria are developed, extrapolation of the techniques presented here will serve as a basis for cold surface exposure evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the skin contact temperature for heated surfaces. Two complimentary procedures are presented. The first is a purely mathematical approximation that is used during design or for worst case evaluation. The second method describes the thermesthesiometer, an instrument that analogues the human sensory mechanism and is only used on operating systems.  
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4.1 Application of this guide will provide users with information on how to use the various documents listed in Section 2 related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids.  
4.2 Users of the documents listed in Section 2 may fall into several categories, such as producers of metalworking or metal removal fluids, suppliers of raw materials to those producers, users of metalworking or metal removal fluids, and other interested parties such as non-governmental organizations.  
4.3 While all parties may wish to be generally familiar with all the documents listed in Section 2, producers and users may each want to focus on certain documents which are directly applicable to them:  
4.4 Documents Applicable to Producers:  
4.4.1 E1687 Test Method for Determining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils in Metalworking Fluids:  
4.4.1.1 Test Method E1687 covers a microbiological test procedure based upon the Salmonella  mutagenesis assay of Ames et al.7 (see also Maron et al.).8 It can be used as a screening technique to detect the presence of potential dermal carcinogens in virgin base oils used in the formulation of metalworking oils. Persons who use this test should be well versed in the conduct of the Ames test and conversant with the physical and chemical properties of petroleum products.
4.4.1.2 Producers of metalworking fluids and metal removal fluids should assure themselves that virgin base oils used in the formulation of neat metalworking and metal removal oils and soluble and semi-synthetic metal removal fluids have an acceptable mutagenicity index or mutagenic potency index.  
4.4.2 E1302 Guide for Acute Animal Toxicity Testing of Water-Miscible Metal Removal Fluids:  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information on how to use documents related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids. As such, this guide will provide the user with sufficient background information to effectively use the documents listed in Section 2. Documents referenced in this guide are grouped as applicable to producers, to users or to all.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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5.1 This guide is designed to help identify and integrate affected stakeholder interests and to include relevant scientific and technical information when developing occupational safety and health standards that include or are proposed to include an OEG.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a framework for a stakeholder-focused, consensus-based decision-making process for occupational safety and health standard development activities that include adoption or development of occupational exposure guidelines (OEGs) as a part of occupational health and safety standards.  
1.2 This guide applies to safety and health standard development activities in which an occupational exposure guideline will be included as one element of a comprehensive standard that addresses safety and health management strategies such as communication, monitoring, and controls. It is not meant to be used to develop an OEG apart from the context of such management strategies. In cases where other occupational exposure limit (OEL) establishing bodies have developed OELs, those may be reviewed, assimilated, or adapted rather than recreated ab initio.  
1.3 This guide does not replace existing consensus-based decision-making or committee participation processes that are used to develop safety and health standards. It is intended to be used in conjunction with such processes to improve scientific and technical input and stakeholder involvement in occupational safety and health decision-making for such standards.  
1.4 Limitations—This guide does not prescribe specific methods for generating or evaluating scientific and technical data related to assessing a particular occupational safety and health issue. Occupational safety and health standards apply to a wide variety of substances and occupational exposure circumstances. It is not possible to anticipate all situations where an OEG may be useful for a standard. This guide will be helpful in promoting appropriate balance and input, but the consensus process must deal with real-world complexities that individual standards may involve.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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