ASTM F1656-95
(Guide)Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States
Standard Guide for Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the United States
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes minimum health and safety training standards for three types of oil spill responders: Type A, first responders who are responsible for initial containment and cleanup; Type B, longer-term shoreline cleanup personnel; and Type C, other necessary support personnel who have minimal contact with the contamination.
1.2 The oil covered by this guide includes light, medium, and heavy crudes, as well as hydrocarbon products, such as gasoline, light fuel oil, distillates, and bunker (heavy fuel) oil. It is not aimed at specialty chemicals and other potentially hazardous materials, although some aspects of the training program would apply to those substances.
1.3 A number of topics are not specifically addressed in this guide because they are covered by other standards or guidelines. Examples are hot work practices, maintenance and repair of equipment, fire fighting, electrical hazards, emergency medical care, disposal of wastes, and so forth. The user is expected to become familiar with standards for these areas as required.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: F 1656 – 95
Standard Guide for
Health and Safety Training of Oil Spill Responders in the
United States
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1656; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.135,
Head Protection
1.1 This guide establishes minimum health and safety train-
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.136,
ing standards for three types of oil spill responders: Type A,
Foot Protection
first responders who are responsible for initial containment and
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.138,
cleanup; Type B, longer-term shoreline cleanup personnel; and
Hand Protection
Type C, other necessary support personnel who have minimal
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.146,
contact with the contamination.
Enclosed Spaces
1.2 The oil covered by this guide includes light, medium,
Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 154, Subpart
and heavy crudes, as well as hydrocarbon products, such as
F, Facility Response Plan Requirements
gasoline, light fuel oil, distillates, and bunker (heavy fuel) oil.
Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 155, Subpart
It is not aimed at specialty chemicals and other potentially
F, Vessel Response Plan Requirements
hazardous materials, although some aspects of the training
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 300, National
program would apply to those substances.
Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency
1.3 A number of topics are not specifically addressed in this
Plan (NCP)
guide because they are covered by other standards or guide-
lines. Examples are hot work practices, maintenance and repair
3. Terminology
of equipment, fire fighting, electrical hazards, emergency
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
medical care, disposal of wastes, and so forth. The user is
3.1.1 area contingency plan—provides the initial govern-
expected to become familiar with standards for these areas as
mental organization structure and mode of operation for the
required.
spill response. In the United States, it is prepared in advance by
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the area committee and applicable state and local response
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
officials in accordance with 40 CFR 300, NCP.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 buddy system—a requirement of 29 CFR 1910.120
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that response personnel must work within sight/
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
communication of a partner at all times.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.3 cold (support) zone—minimal exposure area main-
tained as an uncontaminated location for support functions.
2.1 U.S. Federal Regulations:
Food service, clean equipment storage, and financial offices are
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.120
examples of a cold zone. Operations in this area are generally
Regulations for Hazardous Waste Operations and Emer-
carried out by Type C personnel.
gency Response (HAZWOPER)
3.1.4 confined space—an enclosed space or area, such as a
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.132,
tank, compartment, or pit where ventilation or access, or both,
General Requirements for Hazard Assessment and Train-
may be limited (refer to 29 CFR 1910.146).
ing
3.1.5 hot (early response) zone—an area where there are
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.133, Eye
potential exposure hazards. Type A workers are involved in
and Face Protection
containment and recovery operations in this zone. Airborne
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 1910.134,
concentrations of hazardous substances may require respiratory
Respiratory Protection
protection in addition to other personal protective equipment.
3.1.6 hyperthermia—an abnormally high body temperature
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-20 on Hazardous
caused by exposure to elevated temperatures or radiant heat, or
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
both.
F20.21 on Initial Response Actions.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1995. Published December 1995.
3.1.7 hypothermia—an abnormally low body temperature
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
caused by exposure to cold air or water.
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1656
TABLE 1 Oil Spill Response Worker Categories
3.1.8 on-scene coordinator (OSC)—In the United States,
the pre-designated official responsible for ensuring immediate Type A—Hot-Zone Personnel
and effective response to a discharge or threatened discharge of
Response managers
Supervisors
oil or hazardous substance (40 CFR 300). The Coast Guard
Equipment operators
designates the OSC’s for coastal zones and the Environmental
Boom deployers
Protection Agency (EPA) designates OSC’s for inland zones.
Boat operators
Skimmer crews
3.1.9 personal protective equipment (PPE)—equipment
Dispersant handlers
used to shield or insulate a person from a chemical, physical,
Barge personnel
Tank truck operators
or thermal hazard. Personal protective equipment is available
Bulldozer operators
for skin, eyes, face, hands, feet, head, ears, and respiratory
Other initial response personnel
system, as appropriate.
Security forces
Shoreline assessment team
3.1.10 site safety and health offıcer—One who is respon-
Site safety and health officers
sible for developing training curricula and site safety and
Field medical personnel
health plans. Often referred to as site safety officer.
Vapor monitoring personnel
Etc.
3.1.11 site safety and health plan—the framework that
Type B—Warm-Zone Personnel
defines safety and health considerations and strategy for a
Shoreline clean-up personnel
specific site. Decontamination personnel
Wildlife coordinators
3.1.12 site safety and health supervisor—an individual in
Animal handlers
the field responsible for ensuring that the site safety and health Waste management/handling personnel
Etc.
plan is implemented as prescribed. The site safety officer can
Type C—Cold-Zone Personnel
fill both positions.
General land-based support
3.1.13 warm (contamination reduction) zone—an area Historians
Legal advisors
where oil is present but in a generally weathered state. In
Food service personnel
addition to decontamination and equipment decommissioning
Financial services personnel
Supply personnel
areas, contaminated shorelines containing weathered oil with
Etc.
vapor levels below that requiring respiratory protective equip-
ment are considered warm zones for purposes of this guide.
Type A or B workers, or both, would operate in these zones.
Type C workers do not require specialized safety and health
training unless they expect to visit the spill site or take part in
4. Significance and Use
Type A or B activities.
4.1 This guide summarizes required course components to
be included in training programs for oil spill response person- 6. Training Matrix
nel. Its purpose is to assist trainers in developing curricula that
6.1 The recommended training curriculum subjects are pre-
address the health and safety risks specific to oil spill response.
sented in matrix form by worker types in Table 2. Though there
This guide may be tailored by the trainer to fit unique
circumstances that are present if training is conducted during
TABLE 2 Health and Safety Training Matrix
an actual spill emergency and is not intended to preclude
Worker Types
consideration of regulatory requirements.
Subjects
Type A Type B Type C
General awareness • • •
5. Types of Response Workers
Exposures and chemical
5.1 The level of training required will depend on the level of hazards
Mechanical hazards • •
involvement for each type of worker. For purposes of this
Slips, trips, and falls • •
guide, the three categories or types of workers are defined in
Explosion and fire • •
Biological hazards • •
Table 1.
Physical hazards • •
5.1.1 Type A Workers, operate in the hot zone and are the
Water hazards • •
most likely to encounter the spilled oil in a fresh state. Training
Exposure routes (air, skin, ••
ingestion)
for Type A workers should emphasize methods for determining
Confined space entry •
the presence of ha
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.