ASTM D1480-12

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pycnometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the quality of crude oils.  
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15°C.  
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated temperatures of 40 and 100°C is particularly useful in providing the data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in centistokes (mm2/s) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities in centipoises (mPa·s).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below 40 000 cSt (mm2/s) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C. It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply. Note 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.  
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2012
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0D - Physical and Chemical Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1480 −12
StandardTest Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
1
Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the mea-
D1217Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
surement of the density of materials which are fluid at the
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
desired test temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
of vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities
2 Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
below 40 000 cSt (mm /s) at the test temperature.The method
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C.
It can be used at higher temperatures; however, in this case the
3. Terminology
precision section does not apply.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid
3.1.1 density, n—mass per unit volume at a specified
at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
temperature. D4052
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for
3.1.2 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a
converting density to specific gravity.
material at a stated temperature to the density of water at a
stated temperature. D4052
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4. Summary of Test Method
standard.
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer,
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
density or specific gravity is then calculated from this weight
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
and the previously determined calibration factor, and a correc-
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
tion is applied for the buoyancy of air.
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
5. Significance and Use
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and to assess the
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
quality of crude oils.
may be prohibited by law.
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
15°C.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 The determination of densities at the elevated tempera-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tures of 40 and 100°C is particularly useful in providing the
data needed for the conversion of kinematic viscosities in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1480–07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D1480-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1480−12
2
centistokes (mm /s) to the corresponding dynamic viscosities
in centipoises (mPa·s).
6. Apparatus
3
6.1 Pycnometer, Bingham-type of 10-mL capacity (as
4
shown in Fig. 1), constructed of heat-resistant glass.
NOTE2—Pycnometershavingcapacitiesof2to25mLareavailablebut
have not been cooperatively evaluated.
6.2 Const
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1480 − 07 D1480 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous
1
Materials by Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the measurement of the density of materials which are fluid at the desired test
temperature. Its application is restricted to liquids of vapor pressures below 600 mm Hg (80 kPa) and viscosities below 40 000
2
cSt (mm /s) at the test temperature. The method is designed for use at any temperature between 20 and 100°C. It can be used at
higher temperatures; however, in this case the precision section does not apply.
NOTE 1—For the determination of density of materials which are fluid at normal temperatures, see Test Method D1217.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for converting density to specific gravity.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density—density, n—the weight in a vacuum (that is, the mass) of a unit volume of the material at any givenmass per unit
volume at a specified temperature. D4052
3.1.2 relative density, (specific n—gravity)—the ratio of the mass (weight in a vacuum) of a given volume of density of a
material at a temperature,stated ttemperature , to the mass of an equal volume of density of water at a reference temperature, stated
1
temperature.t ; or it is the ratio of the density of the material at t to the density of water at t . When the reference temperature
2 1 2
is 4°C (the temperature at which the relative density of water is unity), relative density (specific gravity) and density are
numerically equal. D4052
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0D
on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2012. Published January 2008December 2012. Originally approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 20022007
ε1
as D1480–02–07. . DOI: 10.1520/D1480-07.10.1520/D1480-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1480 − 12
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into the pycnometer, equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The density or
specific gravity is then calculated from this weight and the previously determined calibration factor, and a correction is applied for
the buoyancy of air.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can
...