ASTM F3021-23

Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for the design and manufacturing of fitness equipment intended for use by persons with functional limitations and impairments. It aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility of injury when these products are used in accordance with the manufacturer's operational instructions. It covers assistive technologies such as wheelchairs, walkers, crutches, canes, prosthetics, alternative communication devices, and cell phones, as well as requirements for color contrast.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 established additional requirements not set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the design of commercial fitness equipment to increase access and user independence by people with functional limitations or impairments.  
1.2 The intent of this specification is to ensure that the fitness product being designed for inclusive use by individuals with and without functional limitations or impairments remains functional and safe when the equipment is operated according to the manufacturer’s operational instructions.  
1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify products for indoor use in a commercial environment by individuals age 13 and above.  
1.4 Products designed to meet this specification must not be automatically classified as fit for medical or rehabilitation fitness purposes. Products intended for medical use should comply with any applicable international or national standards.  
1.5 Where users are exercising from a wheelchair, it is the intent of this specification to specify products for use by individuals using manual or powered wheelchairs (including scooters) (A1.4.5).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the needs of every possible user and recognizes that access will not be possible for all individuals or all types of assistive technologies.  
1.7 This specification is to be used in conjunction with Test Method F3022 and other ASTM fitness equipment standards and their accompanying test methods as noted.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Additional specifications applicable to specific pieces of equipment, such as treadmills, bicycles, ellipticals, and strength equipment have been published in the equipment-specific standards.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Nov-2023
• ICS: 97.220.30 - Indoor sports equipment
• Technical Committee: F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
• Drafting Committee: F08.30 - Fitness Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F3021-17 - Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3023-18 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and Upper and Total Body Ergometers
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2810-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Elliptical Trainers
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F1250-20 - Standard Specification for Stationary Upright and Recumbent Exercise Bicycles and Upper and Total Body Ergometers
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2216-17a - Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3101-21a - Standard Specification for Unsupervised Public Use Outdoor Fitness Equipment
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2115-19 - Standard Specification for Motorized Treadmills
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2106-18 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Motorized Treadmills
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3022-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2811-15(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Elliptical Trainers
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2023

Overview

ASTM F3021-23 – Standard Specification for Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments provides essential requirements for the design and manufacturing of commercial fitness equipment to ensure accessibility, safety, and independent use by individuals with a wide range of functional limitations and impairments. Developed by ASTM International, this standard supports designers and manufacturers in creating inclusive gym equipment suitable for commercial indoor environments, enhancing opportunities for users aged 13 and above. It specifically addresses features required for people using assistive technologies, such as wheelchairs, prosthetics, walkers, crutches, and various communication devices.

Key Topics

• Inclusive & Universal Design: Outlines requirements for making fitness equipment accessible to users with and without functional limitations, focusing on safety and user independence.
• Assistive Technology Compatibility: Covers provisions for devices like wheelchairs (manual and powered), walkers, canes, crutches, and prosthetics, facilitating safe and convenient access and use.
• Color Contrast Requirements: Specifies measurable criteria for color value contrast to ensure visibility of operational and safety features, benefiting users with visual impairments.
• Design for Transfers & Adjustability: Defines parameters for seat heights, transfer surfaces, support handles, walk-through frameworks, and removable/movable seats to optimize usability for all users.
• Accessible Information: Mandates tactile, color-contrasting, and readable markings for instructions, controls, and adjustment mechanisms, and requires accessible electronic user manuals.
• Safety & Health Practices: Emphasizes user responsibility in following operational instructions and consulting with health professionals when necessary.

Applications

This universal design standard brings value and practical guidance for:

• Fitness Equipment Manufacturers: Ensures new product lines can serve a broader and more inclusive customer base. Equipment that meets ASTM F3021-23 is more marketable to commercial gyms, rehabilitation centers, and public fitness facilities aiming for accessibility.
• Gym & Facility Owners: Simplifies procurement decisions and helps meet legal and best-practice guidelines on disability access and inclusion, aligning with the expectations of regulatory agencies and advocacy groups.
• Accessibility Consultants: Provides a technical foundation for evaluating fitness-related environments, supporting recommendations for inclusive facility layouts and equipment choices.
• Rehabilitation Centers: Assists in selecting non-medical fitness equipment that maximizes independence for users with varying physical needs, complementing other medically classified tools that follow healthcare-specific standards.
• Product Designers: Offers clear criteria for designing interfaces, controls, hand grips, adjustment mechanisms, and signage with an emphasis on tactile feedback, sans-serif fonts, and high-contrast visuals for all users.

Related Standards

• ASTM F2276: Specification for Fitness Equipment – general safety and design guidelines for fitness machines.
• ASTM F1749: Standard for safety signage and labels on fitness equipment.
• ASTM F2115: Specification for Motorized Treadmills.
• ASTM F3022: Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use.
• ADAAG: Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines – foundational for accessible design in public spaces.
• ISO 845 & ISO 2439: International standards referenced for determining material properties of seating and supports.
• FED-STD-595/AMS-STD-595: Government standards guiding color use and contrast in public procurement.

By adhering to ASTM F3021-23, manufacturers and fitness facilities demonstrate a clear commitment to accessible, safe, and inclusive fitness environments, ensuring equitable participation for all users. This standard not only boosts compliance and market reach but also aligns with both ethical best practice and evolving regulations in the global fitness industry.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3021 − 23
Standard Specification for
Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by
Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3021; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for fitness
equipment intended for use by persons with functional limitations and impairments. Through these
specifications, this standard aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility of
injury when these products are used in accordance with the operational instructions.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that the standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,
particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition, users with
physical limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility prior to using
this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from using this
equipment as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment may increase the risk of injury.
1. Scope fitness purposes. Products intended for medical use should
2 comply with any applicable international or national standards.
1.1 This specification established additional requirements
not set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the design
1.5 Where users are exercising from a wheelchair, it is the
of commercial fitness equipment to increase access and user
intent of this specification to specify products for use by
independence by people with functional limitations or impair-
individuals using manual or powered wheelchairs (including
ments.
scooters) (A1.4.5).
1.2 The intent of this specification is to ensure that the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the needs of
fitness product being designed for inclusive use by individuals
every possible user and recognizes that access will not be
with and without functional limitations or impairments remains
possible for all individuals or all types of assistive technolo-
functional and safe when the equipment is operated according
gies.
to the manufacturer’s operational instructions.
1.7 This specification is to be used in conjunction with Test
1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify products
Method F3022 and other ASTM fitness equipment standards
for indoor use in a commercial environment by individuals age
and their accompanying test methods as noted.
13 and above.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
1.4 Products designed to meet this specification must not be
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
automatically classified as fit for medical or rehabilitation
only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2023. Published April 2024. Originally
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F3021 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/F3021-23.
NOTE 1—Additional specifications applicable to specific pieces of
This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research
equipment, such as treadmills, bicycles, ellipticals, and strength equip-
Center on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living,
ment have been published in the equipment-specific standards.
and Rehabilitation Research grants #90RE5009, #H133E120005, #90REGE0002,
and #90REGE0019. NIDILRR is a Center within the Administration for Community
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
Living (ACL), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The contents of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
this standard do not necessarily represent the policy of NIDILRR, ACL, or HHS,
and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3021 − 23
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.5 control panel/console, n—equipment/user interface
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical device for controlling the operation of, or displaying informa-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. tion about the operational state of the equipment.
3.1.6 core branding and logo artwork/graphics,
2. Referenced Documents
n—equipment supplier logo, artwork, or graphics, or combina-
2.1 ASTM Standards: tions thereof, that promote and market their brand.
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa- 3.1.6.1 Discussion—Core branding is not to be used within
cility Safety Signage and Labels the body of instructional text.
F2115 Specification for Motorized Treadmills
3.1.7 free weight style exercise bench, n—an adjustable or
F2276 Specification for Fitness Equipment
fixed seat device that is intended to provide stability during
F3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of
exercise with free weights, generally consisting of a supported,
Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with
padded area to sit, lean, or recline.
Functional Limitations and Impairments
3.1.8 gripping surface, n—the area of the hand grips or hand
2.2 ADAAG:
grip bars/rails intended to be grasped by the hands for balance
Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines
or stability during access, egress, or exercise, or combinations
(ADAAG)
thereof.
2.3 Federal Standard:
3.1.9 hand grips, fixed, n—non-movable piece designed to
AMS-STD-595 Colors Used in Government Procurement
be grasped by the hand(s) for support during access, egress, or
2.4 ISO Standards: exercise, or combinations thereof.
ISO 845 Cellular plastics and rubbers -- Determination of
3.1.9.1 Discussion—This includes both applied and integral
apparent density hand grips as defined in Specification F2276.
ISO 2439 Flexible cellular polymeric materials -- Determi-
3.1.10 hand grips, movable—movable piece designed to be
nation of hardness (indentation technique)
grasped by the hand(s) for support and use during exercise.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—This includes both applied and inte-
3. Terminology
gral hand grips as defined in Specification F2276.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.11 iconography, n—graphic or pictorial symbols used on
3.1.1 access, v—getting at or on fitness equipment or at
consoles or other parts of the equipment to display information.
fitness equipment controls or adjustments.
3.1.12 impairment, n—any deficit in psychological,
3.1.2 assistive technologies, n—adaptive or rehabilitative
physiological, or anatomical structure or function that has an
devices, or both, for people with disabilities that promote
adverse effect on a person’s ability to carry out day to day
greater independence by enabling people to perform tasks that
activities, including health and leisure activities.
they were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great diffi-
3.1.12.1 Discussion—An impairment is not a disability if it
culty accomplishing.
does not interfere with task performance.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Assistive technologies include, but are
3.1.13 inclusive, adj—including people with and without
not limited to, wheelchairs, walkers, canes, crutches,
disabilities or impairments, or both.
prosthetics, alternative communication devices, cell phones,
etc. 3.1.14 incremental weights, n—additional fractional
weights that can be applied in between the main weight plate
3.1.3 audible feedback or instruction, n—audio voice/
selections.
speech output.
3.1.15 instructions for use, n—user-facing instructions that
3.1.4 color value contrast, n—the difference in luminance
are affixed to the equipment relating to the use of a piece of
between two or more surfaces seen simultaneously or succes-
equipment, not including core branding or logo artwork,
sively.
manufacturer’s labels, model number labels, or standards or
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In this standard, significant color value
certification marks, or owner’s/training manual(s).
contrast is defined as 70 % or more, which is the current best
3.1.15.1 Discussion—For example: Placard, decal panel, or
practice.
other means.
3.1.4.2 Discussion—In this standard, contrast is measured
by measuring the luminance (L) of color, as opposed to color 3.1.16 labels, n—information directed at the user to support
hue or saturation.
the use of a specific element of a piece of equipment, not
including core branding or logo artwork, manufacturer’s labels,
model number labels or standards, or certification marks.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.17 luminance (L), n—value or lightness on a scale
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
ranging from black to white of light reflected off a surface
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
measured in candela per meter squared (cd/m ).
the ASTM website.
Available from the US Access Board, www.access-board.gov, or contact the US
3.1.18 main controls, n—quick start, start, stop, enter, clear,
Access Board Customer Service at [e-mail].
numeric digits 0 to 9, increase resistance/level, decrease
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org. resistance/level, increase speed, decrease speed, increase
F3021 − 23
gradient/incline, decrease gradient/incline, audio on/off, and 3.1.31.2 Discussion—A scooter is an electrically powered
any other functions, for example, emergency or safety stops, wheelchair.
considered essential for the use of the equipment.
3.1.18.1 Discussion—See Appendix X1 for suggested uni- 4. Color Value Contrast
versal design symbols for main control functions.
4.1 Color Value Contrast Criteria Background:
3.1.19 mobility aids, n—any device used to assist in
4.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, significant color
balance, transfer, or locomotion.
value contrast is defined to be a value greater than or equal to
70 %.
3.1.20 movable seat, n—a seat which can be moved away
from the primary exercise position where the entire seat
4.1.2 The following applies to these sections within the
structure remains attached to the main structure of the equip-
document:
ment.
4.1.2.1 Integral surfaces and separate steps/frame (see
5.1.1.7).
3.1.21 postural supports, n—integral element to the equip-
ment which assists in holding the user in position during 4.1.2.2 Element of the equipment where the user is required
exercise. to step over/adjacent surface (see 5.1.1.21).
4.1.2.3 Seats/primary adjacent surface (see 5.1.2.12).
3.1.22 quick start, n—one-push mechanism that starts the
4.1.2.4 Adjustment mechanisms/adjacent surface (see
equipment in manual mode at the minimal speed or resistance
5.1.3.8).
that is specified in the standard for the specific piece of
equipment. 4.1.2.5 Markings/adjacent surface (see 5.1.3.12).
4.1.2.6 Intended gripping surfaces of all hand grips/adjacent
3.1.23 removable seat, n—a seat that can be moved away
surface (see 5.1.4.4).
from the primary exercise position where the entire seat
4.1.2.7 Test, iconography, and a minimum of the border of
structure can be removed or separated from the remaining
the main instruction panel/adjacent surface (see 5.1.6.7).
structure of the equipment.
4.1.2.8 Inclusive fitness symbol/adjacent surface (see
3.1.24 sans serif, n—without any short lines stemming from
5.1.6.8).
or at an angle to the upper and lower ends of the strokes of a
4.1.2.9 Text, iconography, and a minimum of the border of
letter.
the main control buttons/adjacent surface (see 5.2.4.3).
3.1.24.1 Discussion—For example: Times New Roman is a
4.1.2.10 Numeric readouts relating to the main controls/
serif font where as Arial, Helvetica, and Calibri are sans serif
fonts. adjacent surface (see 5.2.6.2).
4.1.2.11 Audio headphone jack (socket) symbol/adjacent
3.1.25 seated cardio equipment, n—recumbent cardio fit-
surface (see 5.2.7.8).
ness equipment performed from the seated position, such as
4.1.2.12 Information button symbol/adjacent surface (see
recumbent ellipticals, recumbent steppers, recumbent cycles,
5.2.7.13).
and total (upper and lower extremities) body and upper body
ergometers. 4.1.3 The US Access Board’s technical assistance guide to
the ADA Standards states regarding accessible signage: “The
3.1.25.1 Discussion—An upright cycle is not seated recum-
bent cardio equipment. higher the contrast, the better for legibility, particularly for
people with low vision” (A1.4.7) and the 1991 ADA Accessi-
3.1.26 skids, n—a mechanism for moving equipment by
bility standards addressed the finish and contrast requirements
sliding across the floor without wheels.
in an appendix note, stating, signage is “more legible for
3.1.27 swivel seat, n—a seat that rotates horizontally about
persons with low vision when characters contrast with their
a vertical axis as if on a pivot.
background by at least 70 percent” (A1.4.1). The calculation of
3.1.28 tactile, adj—of, or relating to, or proceeding from, contrast is determined by:
the sense of touch.
Color Value Contrast 5 @~L1 2 L2!⁄L1# × 100 (1)
3.1.29 transfer, v—the action of getting onto (access) or off
where
of (egress) a piece of fitness equipment, particularly from a
L1 = luminance (L) of the lighter area
wheelchair or other mobility aid.
L2 = luminance (L) of the darker area
3.1.30 transfer surface, n—area of the static or moving
NOTE 2—It is a best practice to choose color pairs that have a color
surface, or both, that is clear of any obstruction that would
value contrast of greater than 80 % due to the approximately 10-point
impede normal foot placements or motion, or both, and
reproducibility limit for color pairings close to 70 % color value contrast
found in the ASTM interlaboratory study. See Test Method F3022 for
therefore is accessible for normal use.
more information on the test method and interlaboratory study results.
3.1.31 wheelchair, n—device to provide wheeled mobility
4.2 Color Definitions:
with seating support system for a person with mobility
4.2.1 There are three basic properties of color: Hue (the
impairment, including manual wheelchairs which are powered
color), Saturation (or intensity), and Lightness (or value). See
by the user and electrically powered wheelchairs which are
Fig. 1.
powered by a motor.
3.1.31.1 Discussion—A walking aid with wheels is not a 4.2.1.1 Hue refers to what is commonly called color, for
wheelchair. example, red, green, blue-green, orange, etc.
F3021 − 23
a retractable lumisphere. Any spot luminance meter or inci-
dent light meter, or both, combinations that meet the following
specifications may be used:
4.3.1 Digital exposure meter with 1° spot viewfinder for
ambient light readings of reflected light; the same meter or a
separate meter can be used to measure incident light. Repeat-
ability accuracy shall be 60.1 EV or less. Informative range
and units for measurements are:
4.3.1.1 Measured with Spot Meter—Brightness: 0.25 to
190 000 cd/m (to two significant digits).
NOTE 3—A small range will limit the lighting conditions that can be
measured in the field.
NOTE 4—Limited research has been done using meters other than the
Sekonic L-758CINE. Future research should include other meters.
FIG. 1 Hue, Saturation, Value
4.3.1.2 Measured with Incident Light Meter—Illumination:
0.63 to 190 000 lux (to two significant digits).
4.2.1.2 Saturation refers to the richness of a hue as com-
NOTE 5—Further information on the specifications for spot luminance
meters can be found in the test method that accompanies this standard,
pared to a gray of the same lightness or value; in some color
Test Method F3022.
notation systems, saturation is also known as chroma.
4.2.1.3 Lightness (or Value), of a light source or the light-
5. Design and Construction Requirements
ness of an opaque object is measured on a scale ranging from
5.1 General Requirements:
dim to bright for a light source or from black to white for an
5.1.1 Access and Setup:
opaque object (or from black to colorless for a transparent
5.1.1.1 Easy access, egress, and transfer to get into and out
object). In some systems, lightness is called value.
of the correct start position shall not be impeded by the frame
4.2.2 Color value contrast in this standard is defined as the
or other structural parts of the equipment, or both. This
light to dark (or value) contrast since this is the characteristic
includes equipment with removable/movable seats, where the
that can be seen by most of the population, including people
seat has been removed/moved.
who are completely color blind.
4.2.2.1 Luminance—The measurement of reflected light is
NOTE 6—This specification refers to the equipment design only. It does
called luminance. Luminance is “the amount of visible light
not refer to equipment placement within the facility, which is beyond
manufacturer’s control (see the US Access Board Accessible Sports
leaving a point on a surface in a given direction.due to
Facilities Guidelines for best practice of fitness facility equipment layout
reflection,” or the perceived or apparent brightness of a surface
and RESNA IF-1, American National Standard for Inclusive Fitness –
(A1.4.2). The standard unit of luminance is candela per square
Volume 1: Inclusive Fitness Environments) (see A1.4.4 and A1.4.6).
meter (cd/m ), also called nits. Luminance is measured using a
5.1.1.2 Access and egress should be possible from the
reflective light meter, a technology that measures light within
maximum number of approach positions (for example, front,
the visible spectrum.
rear, or side), avoiding left/right bias where practicable.
4.2.2.2 Illuminance—The measurement of incident light is
called illuminance. Illuminance is the total luminous flux
NOTE 7—Some pieces of fitness equipment, such as the leg press, will
have points of entry that are not possible due to the weight stack
incident on a surface, or the “quantity of light.falling on a unit
placement. Control panels/consoles where necessary for exercise or for
area of a surface” (A1.4.3). The standard unit of luminance is
use, such as on a treadmill, will also prohibit access from all paths of entry.
lux (lx). Illuminance is measured using an incident light
5.1.1.3 The maximum step-on height onto a transfer surface
meter—a technology that measures light within the visible
should be no higher than 170 mm (6.7 in.) from the ground,
spectrum.
measured with the equipment in the neutral position with 0 %
4.3 Spot Luminance Meter Technology—The US Access
grade ⁄zero incline.
Board’s technical guide on accessible signage does not specify
5.1.1.4 Where the user is required to step over supporting
the technology or methodology to measure the luminance
framework to access equipment, the maximum step-over
values in Eq 1. At the time this standard was written, at least
height should be no higher than 400 mm (15.7 in.) measured
one simple, low-cost technology solution had been identified: a
from the ground to the highest point of the framework for a
spot meter designed for the photography and cinematography
minimum width of 300 mm (11.8 in.) in the primary step-over
industries. An alternate technology, a spectrophotometer was
position.
investigated; however, its cost and complexity made it an
5.1.1.5 Where maximum step-on or step-over heights are
unrealistic option. Spot meter technology measures color
exceeded, an integral surface or separate step shall be provided
value, not hue, by measuring luminance, measures small areas,
to reduce these heights to a maximum of 170 mm (6.7 in.) or
is economically priced, is portable, and uses light within the
400 mm (15.7 in.), respectively.
existing environment. The Sekonic L-758CINE meter was
used at the time this document was written because it functions
not only as a spot luminance meter, but also as an incident light
At the time of the 2023 revision, the Sekonic L758CINE was no longer being
meter that measures illuminance (in lux or footcandles) using manufactured, but might still be available to rent from photographic supply stores.
F3021 − 23
NOTE 8—Only one transfer step is allowed per piece of equipment.
5.1.1.15 Cardio equipment that can be operated by both the
upper and lower body shall have an adjustment mechanism that
5.1.1.6 Integral surfaces and separate steps shall have a
locks the foot and hand supports in place in order to facilitate
minimum length of 500 mm (19.7 in.), a minimum width of
placement of the feet/hands in position during mounting/
300 mm (11.8 in.), and a maximum height of 170 mm (6.7 in.).
dismounting.
5.1.1.7 Integral surfaces and separate steps shall have a
5.1.1.16 For seated cardio equipment, fixed hand grips shall
significant color value contrast from the adjacent surface of the
be provided (see 3.1.9).
equipment that they are primarily seen against (as defined in
4.1).
NOTE 18—Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria.
NOTE 9—Consideration should be given to both light and dark colors
5.1.1.17 Foot platforms/pedals shall have adjustable toe
for contrast with different floor surfaces.
retention, for example, straps, through a range of shoe sizes.
5.1.1.8 Separate steps shall have a means of preventing
Toe straps may be permanently fixed or detachable.
unintentional movement during use and appropriate
NOTE 19—Consideration should be given to user foot sizes from 5 %
mechanisms, for example, wheels/skids and hand grips/
female to 95 % male.
gripping surface, to enable the step to move easily over
NOTE 20—Detachable straps shall comply with 5.1.3.7.
different floor surfaces. Movement or removal shall not require
5.1.1.18 Foot supports shall have a minimum length of 300
the user to lift the step fully unless it weighs less than 7.5 kg
(16.5 lb). mm (11.8 in.) and width of 150 mm (5.9 in.).
5.1.1.9 Seated cardio equipment shall have integral back
5.1.1.19 For seated cardio equipment, foot supports shall
support.
have foot retention, for example, raised guard, with a minimum
height of 30 mm (1.2 in.) for a minimum of 80 % along the
NOTE 10—Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria.
inside edge and 12 mm (0.5 in.) along a minimum of 80 % of
5.1.1.10 Seated cardio equipment with back support must be
the outside edge.
walk through in design with the walk-through structure no
NOTE 21—This clause does not apply to pedals. Pedals are not
higher than 125 mm (4.9 in.).
considered foot supports.
NOTE 11—Walk through is an integral part of the design that allows the
5.1.1.20 For seated cardio equipment, foot supports shall
user to step through the structure of the equipment to access the exercise
have a mechanism for heel retention, for example, rear raised
position as opposed to having to step over a centerpiece.
NOTE 12—Refer to ASTM Standards for specific walk-through dimen-
guard or strap, with a minimum height of 30 mm (1.2 in.).
sions that may deviate from this criteria, such as Ellipticals.
5.1.1.21 To highlight potential trip hazards, an element of
NOTE 13—Rowing machines are exempt from this walk-through
each part of the equipment where the user is required to step
criteria.
over or around shall have significant color value contrast from
5.1.1.11 Walk-through equipment shall have a minimum
the adjacent surface of the equipment that they are primarily
transition area box from the seat when adjusted in mid-position
seen against (as defined in 4.1).
to the framework directly in front of the seat of 300 mm (11.8
in.) wide by 635 mm (25.0 in.) high across the entire NOTE 22—Trip hazards include step-over structures on walk-through
equipment and structure that protrudes outside the footprint of the main
step-through structure.
body of the equipment.
5.1.1.12 Seated cardio equipment seat position shall be
adjustable forwards and backwards through a range of at least 5.1.1.22 Foot support/pedal heel and toe retentions shall
300 mm (11.8 in.). have significant color value contrast from the adjacent surface
of the equipment that they are primarily seen against (as
NOTE 14—Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria.
defined in 4.1).
5.1.1.13 Seated total body cardio equipment which enables
5.1.2 Seats, Sitting Surfaces, and Back Supports:
upper limb function/movement to aid lower limb function/
5.1.2.1 Seats/sitting surfaces shall have minimum dimen-
movement shall have a swivel seat.
sions of 380 mm (15.0 in.) width at the widest point and 255
NOTE 15—Recumbent cycles and rowing machines are exempt from mm (10.0 in.) depth at the centerline of the seat. For seats used
this requirement.
in conjunction with a back support, the seat angle shall be a
(1) Swivel seats shall automatically lock in the center
minimum of 5°, with the front edge of the seat higher than the
position (primary exercise position). Swivel seats shall rotate
rear.
and lock into position at a minimum of 45° and 90° to the right
5.1.2.2 Fixed seats shall have a maximum height of 450 mm
of center (primary exercise position) and 45° and 90° to the left
(17.7 in.) from the ground to the highest point of the seat.
of center.
Where the maximum fixed seat height is exceeded, an integral
NOTE 16—It is recommended to have as many rotating and locking
surface or separate step that complies with the requirements
positions as possible to increase access.
described in 5.1.1.6 – 5.1.1.8 shall be provided to reduce the
5.1.1.14 When adjusted in its most forward (lowest/
height to a maximum of 450 mm (17.7 in.).
shortest) position, seated cardio equipment seat height shall be
5.1.2.3 For lower or upper body equipment that has adjust-
a maximum height of 640 mm (25.2 in.) when measured from
able seat heights, the adjustable height shall include a fixed seat
the ground to the top of the seat surface.
height option in the range from 430 to 485 mm (16.9 to 19.1
NOTE 17—Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria. in.).
F3021 − 23
5.1.2.4 Seated upper body equipment shall have an adjust- permanent fixing to the equipment once removed shall have a
able height seat. hand grip(s) in an appropriate position to assist with moving
them to/from the main structure of the equipment. Any
NOTE 23—Upper body torso and back extension types of equipment are
movement or removal shall not require the user to lift the seat
exempt from these criteria.
fully unless the force required to move it weighs less than 7.5
5.1.2.5 Seated upper body equipment shall have a
kg (16.5 lb).
removable/movable seat which, when removed/moved, creates
5.1.2.8 For removable/movable seats on products intended
an accessible clear space of a minimum of 1300 mm (51.2 in.)
to have a specific exercise position, a physical locating or
length by 750 mm (29.5 in.) width by 975 mm (38.4 in.) height
locking mechanism or a visual reference shall be provided to
which is also free of physical obstructions above the height of
indicate the correct seat alignment (see Fig. 3).
15 mm (0.6 in.) in the remaining floor area to prevent trip
hazards. NOTE 29—In the left photo of Fig. 3, the grey upholstery stripes provide
a visual reference for the correct seat and back support alignment and in
NOTE 24—Removable seats should have storage positions to safely
the right photo the head support provides a physical locating mechanism
keep them out of the clear space.
for the correct back and head support alignment (since the back support
NOTE 25—Upper body torso and back extension types of equipment are
cannot be physically moved back any further).
exempt from these criteria.
5.1.2.9 Where a free weight style exercise bench is provided
5.1.2.6 When the seat is in the removed/moved position on
with equipment and where the movement path is primarily
upper body pressing equipment with an integral back support,
defined by the user, for example, adjustable or high/low pulley
for example, chest and shoulder press, there shall be a
equipment, it shall be a minimum width of 380 mm (15.0 in.)
minimum distance of 300 mm (11.8 in.) between at least one of
at the hip/pelvic support area and a minimum length of 450 mm
the start positions of the hand grips designed for wheelchair use
(17.7 in.) for seated benches and 1200 mm (47.2 in.) for
and the back support of the specific fitness equipment.
prone/supine benches.
NOTE 26—This is to allow for the design of wheelchairs which have a
NOTE 30—Prone is the exercise position of lying face down while
brace behind the back support of the wheelchair to adopt a non-stressed
supine is face up.
start position.
NOTE 31—These benches are exempt from Specification F3021 adjust-
NOTE 27—A broader range of start positions is desirable to accommo-
able height requirement.
date a larger range of wheelchair users and users with limited shoulder
mobility.
5.1.2.10 Integral back supports shall have a minimum width
NOTE 28—This space shall also be clear of any horizontal protrusions
of 180 mm (7.0 in.) for a continuous minimum height of 500
above floor height that may pose a danger for persons with impairment
mm (19.7 in.).
due to sharp edges that may impede access for wheelchair users trying to
5.1.2.11 All postural supports/surfaces shall be cleanable
achieve a correct exercise start position.
and padded to a minimum depth of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) of foam.
5.1.2.7 Removable/movable seats shall have appropriate
The manufacturer shall disclose the thickness of the padding,
mechanisms, for example, wheels or skids and hand grips or
the density of the padding per ISO 845 with a minimum of 75
gripping surfaces, to enable the seat to move easily over
kg/m , and the hardness per ISO 2439 with a minimum of 315
different floor surfaces and a means of preventing unintentional
N (70.81 lbf).
movement during use (see Fig. 2). Seats which retain no
5.1.2.12 Seats shall have significant color value contrast
from the adjacent surface of the equipment that they are
primarily seen against (as defined in 4.1).
NOTE 32—Consideration should be given to both light and dark colors
for contrast with different floor surfaces.
5.1.3 Adjustment Mechanisms:
5.1.3.1 Adjustment mechanisms required for set up shall be
visible in a clear line of sight to the user when approaching the
equipment or from the primary exercise position, or both, as
seen from a 5 % female to 95 % male sitting height (refer to
Table 1 “Dimensions of US Civilian Male and Females” in Test
Method F3022).
5.1.3.2 Lef
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3021 − 17 F3021 − 23
Standard Specification for
Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by
Persons with Functional Limitations and Impairments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3021; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for fitness
equipment intended for use by persons with functional limitations and impairments. Through these
specifications, this standard aims to assist designers and manufacturers in reducing the possibility of
injury when these products are used in accordance with the operational instructions.
The equipment user must recognize, however, that the standard alone will not necessarily prevent
injuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,
particularly if the equipment is used improperly or not properly maintained. In addition, users with
physical limitations should seek medical advice and instruction from the fitness facility prior to using
this equipment. Certain physical conditions or limitations may preclude some persons from using this
equipment as intended by the manufacturer, and using this equipment may increase the risk of injury.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification established additional requirements not set forth in the referenced ASTM standards for the design of
commercial fitness equipment to increase access and user independence by people with functional limitations or impairments.
1.2 The intent of this specification is to ensure that the fitness product being designed for inclusive use by individuals with and
without functional limitations or impairments remains functional and safe when the equipment is operated according to the
manufacturer’s operational instructions.
1.3 It is the intent of this specification to specify products for indoor use in a commercial environment by individuals age 13 and
above.
1.4 Products designed to meet this specification must not be automatically classified as fit for medical or rehabilitation fitness
purposes. Products intended for medical use should comply with any applicable international or national standards.
1.5 Where users are exercising from a wheelchair, it is the intent of this specification to specify products for use by individuals
using manual or powered wheelchairs (including scooters) (A1.4.5).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017Nov. 15, 2023. Published July 2017April 2024. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
F3021 – 16.F3021 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F3021-17.10.1520/F3021-23.
This work was funded, in part, by the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on RecTech through the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and
Rehabilitation Research grant #90RE5009-01-00.grants #90RE5009, #H133E120005, #90REGE0002, and #90REGE0019. NIDILRR is a Center within the Administration
for Community Living (ACL), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The contents of this standard do not necessarily represent the policy of NIDILRR, ACL,
or HHS, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3021 − 23
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the needs of every possible user and recognizes that access will not be possible for
all individuals or all types of assistive technologies.
1.7 Designers shall use this specification This specification is to be used in conjunction with Test Method F3022 and other ASTM
fitness equipment standards and itstheir accompanying test method.methods as noted.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—Additional specifications applicable to specific pieces of equipment, such as treadmills, bicycles, ellipticals, and strength equipment are currently
under development.have been published in the equipment-specific standards.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Facility Safety Signage and Labels
F2115 Specification for Motorized Treadmills
F2276 Specification for Fitness Equipment
F3022 Test Method for Evaluating the Universal Design of Fitness Equipment for Inclusive Use by Persons with Functional
Limitations and Impairments
2.2 ADAAG:
Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG)
2.3 Federal Standard:
FED-STD-595BAMS-STD-595 Colors Used in Government Procurement
2.4 ISO Standards:
ISO 845 Cellular plastics and rubbers -- Determination of apparent density
ISO 2439 Flexible cellular polymeric materials -- Determination of hardness (indentation technique)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 access, v—getting at or on fitness equipment or at fitness equipment controls or adjustments.
3.1.2 assistive technologies, n—adaptive or rehabilitative devices, or both, for people with disabilities that promote greater
independence by enabling people to perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish, or had great difficulty
accomplishing.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Assistive technologies include, but are not limited to, wheelchairs, walkers, canes, crutches, prosthetics, alternative communication
devices, cell phones, etc.
3.1.3 audible feedback or instruction, n—audio voice/speech output.
3.1.4 color value contrast, n—the difference in luminance between two or more surfaces seen simultaneously or successively.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
In this standard, significant color value contrast is defined as 70 % or more, which is the current best practice.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from the US Access Board, www.access-board.gov, or contact the US Access Board Customer Service at [e-mail].
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
F3021 − 23
3.1.4.2 Discussion—
In this standard, contrast is measured by measuring the luminance (L) of color, as opposed to color hue or saturation.
3.1.5 control panel/console, n—equipment/user interface device for controlling the operation of, or displaying information about
the operational state of the equipment.
3.1.6 core branding and logo artwork/graphics, n—equipment supplier logo, artwork, or graphics, or combinations thereof, that
promote and market their brand.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
Core branding is not to be used within the body of instructional text.
3.1.7 free weight style exercise bench, n—an adjustable or fixed seat device that is intended to provide stability during exercise
with free weights, generally consisting of a supported, padded area to sit, lean, or recline.
3.1.8 gripping surface, n—the area of the hand grips or hand grip bars/rails intended to be grasped by the hands for balance or
stability during access, egress, or exercise, or combinations thereof.
3.1.9 hand grips, fixed, n—non-movable piece designed to be grasped by the hand(s) for support during access, egress, or exercise,
or combinations thereof.
3.1.9.1 Discussion—
This includes both applied and integral hand grips as defined in Specification F2276.
3.1.10 hand grips, movable—movable piece designed to be grasped by the hand(s) for support and use during exercise.
3.1.10.1 Discussion—
This includes both applied and integral hand grips as defined in Specification F2276.
3.1.11 iconography, n—graphic or pictorial symbols used on consoles or other parts of the equipment to display information.
3.1.12 impairment, n—any deficit in psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function that has an adverse effect
on a person’s ability to carry out day to day activities, including health and leisure activities.
3.1.12.1 Discussion—
An impairment is not a disability if it does not interfere with task performance.
3.1.13 inclusive, adj—including people with and without disabilities or impairments, or both.
3.1.14 incremental weights, n—additional fractional weights that can be applied in between the main weight plate selections.
3.1.15 instructions for use, n—user facing user-facing instructions that are affixed to the equipment relating to the use of a piece
of equipment, not including core branding or logo artwork, manufacturer’s labels, model number labels, or standards or
certification marks, or owner’s/training manual(s).
3.1.15.1 Discussion—
For example: Placard, decal panel, or other means.
3.1.16 labels, n—information directed at the user to support the use of a specific element of a piece of equipment, not including
core branding or logo artwork, manufacturer’s labels, model number labels or standards, or certification marks.
3.1.17 luminance (L), n—value or lightness on a scale ranging from black to white of light reflected off a surface measured in
candela per meter squared (cd/m ).
3.1.18 main controls, n—quick start, start, stop, enter, clear, numeric digits 0 to 9, increase resistance/level, decrease
resistance/level, increase speed, decrease speed, increase gradient/incline, decrease gradient/incline, audio on/off, and any other
functions, for example, emergency or safety stops, considered essential for the use of the equipment.
3.1.18.1 Discussion—
See Appendix X1 for suggested universal design symbols for main control functions.
F3021 − 23
3.1.19 mobility aids, n—any device used to assist in balance, transfer, or locomotion.
3.1.20 movable seat, n—a seat which can be moved away from the primary exercise position where the entire seat structure
remains attached to the main structure of the equipment.
3.1.21 postural supports, n—integral element to the equipment which assists in holding the user in position during exercise.
3.1.22 quick start, n—one push one-push mechanism that starts the equipment in manual mode at the minimal speed or resistance
that is specified in the standard for the specific piece of equipment.
3.1.23 removable seat, n—a seat that can be moved away from the primary exercise position where the entire seat structure can
be removed or separated from the remaining structure of the equipment.
3.1.24 sans serif, n—without any short lines stemming from or at an angle to the upper and lower ends of the strokes of a letter.
3.1.24.1 Discussion—
For example: Times New Roman is a serif font where as Arial, Helvetica, and Calibri are sans serif fonts.
3.1.25 seated cardio equipment, n—recumbent cardio fitness equipment performed from the seated position, such as recumbent
ellipticals, recumbent steppers, recumbent cycles, and total (upper and lower extremities) body and upper body ergometers.
3.1.25.1 Discussion—
An upright cycle is not seated recumbent cardio equipment.
3.1.26 skids, n—a mechanism for moving equipment by sliding across the floor without wheels.
3.1.27 swivel seat, n—a seat that rotates horizontally about a vertical axis as if on a pivot.
3.1.28 tactile, adj—of, or relating to, or proceeding from, the sense of touch.
3.1.29 transfer, v—the action of getting onto (access) or off of (egress) a piece of fitness equipment, particularly from a wheelchair
or other mobility aid.
3.1.30 transfer surface, n—area of the static or moving surface, or both, that is clear of any obstruction that would impede normal
foot placements or motion, or both, and therefore is accessible for normal use.
3.1.31 wheelchair, n—device to provide wheeled mobility with seating support system for a person with mobility impairment,
including manual wheelchairs which are powered by the user and electrically powered wheelchairs which are powered by a motor.
3.1.31.1 Discussion—
A walking aid with wheels is not a wheelchair.
3.1.31.2 Discussion—
A scooter is an electrically powered wheelchair.
4. Color Value Contrast
4.1 Color Value Contrast Criteria Background:
4.1.1 For the purpose of this standard, significant color value contrast is defined to be a value greater than or equal to 70 %.
4.1.2 The following applies to these sections within the document:
4.1.2.1 Integral surfaces and separate steps/frame (see 5.1.1.7).
4.1.2.2 Element of the equipment where the user is required to step over/adjacent surface (see 5.1.1.21).
4.1.2.3 Seats/primary adjacent surface (see 5.1.2.12).
F3021 − 23
4.1.2.4 Adjustment mechanisms/adjacent surface (see 5.1.3.8).
4.1.2.5 Markings/adjacent surface (see 5.1.3.12).
4.1.2.6 Intended gripping surfaces of all hand grips/adjacent surface (see 5.1.4.4).
4.1.2.7 Test, iconography, and a minimum of the border of the main instruction panel/adjacent surface (see 5.1.6.7).
4.1.2.8 Inclusive fitness symbol/adjacent surface (see 5.1.6.8).
4.1.2.9 Text, iconography, and a minimum of the border of the main control buttons/adjacent surface (see 5.2.4.3).
4.1.2.10 Numeric readouts relating to the main controls/adjacent surface (see 5.2.6.2).
4.1.2.11 Audio headphone jack (socket) symbol/adjacent surface (see 5.2.7.8).
4.1.2.12 Information button symbol/adjacent surface (see 5.2.7.145.2.7.13).
4.1.3 The US Access Board’s Americans with Disabilities Act technical assistance guide to the ADA Standards states regarding
accessible signage: “The higher the contrast, the better for legibility, particularly for people with low vision” (A1.4.7Accessibility
Guidelines (ADAAG) for signage specifies that signage ) and the 1991 ADA Accessibility standards addressed the finish and
contrast requirements in an appendix note, stating, signage is “more legible for persons with low vision when characters contrast
with their background by at least 70 percent” (A1.4.1). The calculation of contrast is determined by:
Color Value Contrast 5 @~L1 2 L2!⁄L1# ×100 (1)
where
L1 = luminance (L) of the lighter area
L2 = luminance (L) of the darker area
NOTE 2—It is a best practice to choose color pairs that have a color value contrast of greater than 80 % due to the approximately 10-point reproducibility
limit for color pairings close to 70 % color value contrast found in the ASTM interlaboratory study. See Test Method F3022 for more information on the
test method and interlaboratory study results.
4.2 Color Definitions:
4.2.1 There are three basic properties of color: Hue (the color), Saturation (or intensity), and Lightness (or value). See Fig. 1.
4.2.1.1 Hue refers to what is commonly called color, for example, red, green, blue-green, orange, etc.
4.2.1.2 Saturation refers to the richness of a hue as compared to a gray of the same lightness or value; in some color notation
systems, saturation is also known as chroma.
FIG. 1 Hue, Saturation, Value
F3021 − 23
4.2.1.3 Lightness (or Value), of a light source or the lightness of an opaque object is measured on a scale ranging from dim to
bright for a light source or from black to white for an opaque object (or from black to colorless for a transparent object). In some
systems, lightness is called value.
4.2.2 Color value contrast in this standard is defined as the light to dark (or value) contrast since this is the characteristic that can
be seen by most of the population, including people thatwho are completely color blind.
4.2.2.1 Luminance—The measurement of reflected light is called luminance. Luminance is “the amount of visible light leaving a
point on a surface in a given direction.due to reflection,” or the perceived or apparent brightness of a surface (A1.4.2). The
standard unit of luminance is candela per square meter (cd/m ), also called nits. Luminance is measured using a reflective light
meter, a technology that measures light within the visible spectrum.
4.2.2.2 Illuminance—The measurement of incident light is called illuminance. Illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on
a surface, or the “quantity of light.falling on a unit area of a surface” (A1.4.3). The standard unit of luminance is lux (lx).
Illuminance is measured using an incident light meter—a technology that measures light within the visible spectrum.
4.3 Spot Luminance Meter Technology—The ADAAG US Access Board’s technical guide on accessible signage does not specify
the technology or methodology to measure the luminance values in Eq 1. At the time this standard was written, at least one simple,
low-cost technology solution had been identified: a spot meter designed for the photography and cinematography industries. An
alternate technology, a spectrophotometer was investigated; however, its cost and complexity made it an unrealistic option. Spot
meter technology measures color value, not hue, by measuring luminance, measures small areas, is economically priced, is
portable, and uses light within the existing environment. The Sekonic L-758CINE meter was used at the time this document was
written because it functions not only as a spot luminance meter, but also as an incident light meter that measures illuminance (in
lux or footcandles) using a retractable lumisphere. Any spot luminance meter or incident light meter, or both, combinations that
meet the following specifications may be used:
4.3.1 Digital exposure meter with 1° spot viewfinder for ambient light readings of reflected light; the same meter or a separate
meter can be used to measure incident light. Repeatability accuracy shall be 60.1 EV or less. Informative range and units for
measurements are:
4.3.1.1 Measured with Spot Meter—Brightness: 0.25 to 190 000 cd/m (to two significant digits).
NOTE 3—A small range will limit the lighting conditions that can be measured in the field.
NOTE 4—Limited research has been done using meters other than the Sekonic L-758CINE. Future research should include other meters.
4.3.1.2 Measured with Incident Light Meter—Illumination: 0.63 to 190 000 lux (to two significant digits).
NOTE 5—Further information on the specifications for spot luminance meters can be found in the test method that accompanies this standard, Test Method
F3022.
5. Design and Construction Requirements
5.1 General Requirements:
5.1.1 Access and Setup:
5.1.1.1 Easy access, egress, and transfer to get into and out of the correct start position shall not be impeded by the frame or other
structural parts of the equipment, or both. This includes equipment with removable/movable seats, where the seat has been
removed/moved.
NOTE 6—This specification refers to the equipment design only. It does not refer to equipment placement within the facility, which is beyond
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is B&H Photo Video, 420 9th Ave, New York, NY 10001, www.bhphotovideo.com. If
you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
of the responsible technical committee,At the time of the 2023 revision, the Sekonic L758CINE was no longer being manufactured, but might still be available to rent from
photographic supply stores. which you may attend.
F3021 − 23
manufacturer’s control (see the US Access Board Accessible Sports Facilities Guidelines for best practice of fitness facility equipment layout) layout and
RESNA IF-1, American National Standard for Inclusive Fitness – Volume 1: Inclusive Fitness Environments) (see A1.4.4 and A1.4.6).
5.1.1.2 Access and egress should be possible from the maximum number of approach positions (for example, front, rear, or side),
avoiding left/right bias where practicable.
NOTE 7—Some pieces of fitness equipment, such as the leg press, will have points of entry that are not possible due to the weight stack placement. Control
panels/consoles where necessary for exercise or for use, such as on a treadmill, will also prohibit access from all paths of entry.
5.1.1.3 The maximum step-on height onto a transfer surface should be no higher than 170 mm (6.7 in.) from the ground, measured
with the equipment in the neutral position with 0 % grade ⁄zero incline.
5.1.1.4 Where the user is required to step over supporting framework to access equipment, the maximum step-over height should
be no higher than 400 mm (15.7 in.) measured from the ground to the highest point of the framework for a minimum width of
300 mm (11.8 in.) in the primary step-over position.
5.1.1.5 Where maximum step-on or step-over heights are exceeded, an integral surface or separate step shall be provided to reduce
these heights to a maximum of 170 mm (6.7 in.) or 400 mm (15.7 in.), respectively.
NOTE 8—Only one transfer step is allowed per piece of equipment.
5.1.1.6 Integral surfaces and separate steps shall have a minimum length of 500 mm (19.7 in.), a minimum width of 300 mm (11.8
in.), and a maximum height of 170 mm (6.7 in.).
5.1.1.7 Integral surfaces and separate steps shall have a significant color value contrast from the adjacent surface of the equipment
that they are primarily seen against.against (as defined in 4.1).
NOTE 9—Consideration should be given to both light and dark colors for contrast with different floor surface.surfaces.
5.1.1.8 Separate steps shall have a means of preventing unintentional movement during use and appropriate mechanisms, for
example, wheels/skids and hand grips/gripping surface, to enable the step to move easily over different floor surfaces. Movement
or removal shall not require the user to lift the step fully unless it weighs less than 7.5 kg (16.5 lb).
5.1.1.9 Seated cardio equipment shall have integral back support.
NOTE 10—Table top Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria.
5.1.1.10 Seated cardio equipment with back support must be walk through in design with the walk through walk-through structure
no higher than 125 mm (4.9 in.).
NOTE 11—Walk through is an integral part of the design that allows the user to step through the structure of the equipment to access the exercise position
as opposed to having to step over a centerpiece.
NOTE 12—Refer to ASTM Standards for specific walk through walk-through dimensions that may deviate from this criteria, such as Ellipticals.
NOTE 13—Rowing machines are exempt from this walk through walk-through criteria.
5.1.1.11 Walk through Walk-through equipment shall have a minimum transition area box from the seat when adjusted in
mid-position to the framework directly in front of the seat of 300 mm (11.8 in.) wide by 635 mm (25.0 in.) high across the entire
step through step-through structure.
5.1.1.12 Seated cardio equipment seat position shall be adjustable forwards and backwards through a range of at least 300 mm
(11.8 in.).
NOTE 14—Table top Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria.
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5.1.1.13 Seated total body cardio equipment which enables upper limb function/movement to aid lower limb function/movement
shall have a swivel seat.
NOTE 15—Recumbent cycles and rowing machines are exempt from this requirement.
(1) Swivel seats shall automatically lock in the center position (primary exercise position). Swivel seats shall rotate and lock
into position at a minimum of 45° and 90° to the right of center (primary exercise position) and 45° and 90° to the left of center.
NOTE 16—It is recommended to have as many rotating and locking positions as possible to increase access.
5.1.1.14 When adjusted in its most forward (lowest/shortest) position, seated cardio equipment seat height shall be a maximum
height of 640 mm (25.2 in.) when measured from the ground to the top of the seat surface.
NOTE 17—Table top Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria.
5.1.1.15 Cardio equipment that can be operated by both the upper and lower body shall have an adjustment mechanism that locks
the foot and hand supports in place in order to facilitate placement of the feet/hands in position during mounting/dismounting.
5.1.1.16 For seated cardio equipment, fixed hand grips shall be provided (see 3.1.9).
NOTE 18—Table top Tabletop ergometers are exempt from this criteria.
5.1.1.17 Foot platforms/pedals shall have adjustable toe retention, for example, straps, through a range of shoe sizes. Toe straps
may be permanently fixed or detachable.
NOTE 19—Consideration should be given to user foot sizes from 5 % female to 95 % male.
NOTE 20—Detachable straps shall comply with 5.1.3.7.
5.1.1.18 Foot supports shall have a minimum length of 300 mm (11.8 in.) and width of 150 mm (5.9 in.).
5.1.1.19 For seated cardio equipment, foot supports shall have foot retention, for example, raised guard, with a minimum height
of 30 mm (1.2 in.) for a minimum of 80 % along the inside edge and 12 mm (0.5 in.) along a minimum of 80 % of the outside
edge.
NOTE 21—This clause does not apply to pedals. Pedals are not considered foot supports.
5.1.1.20 For seated cardio equipment, foot supports shall have a mechanism for heel retention, for example, rear raised guard or
strap, with a minimum height of 30 mm (1.2 in.).
5.1.1.21 To highlight potential trip hazards, an element of each part of the equipment where the user is required to step over or
around shall have significant color value contrast from the adjacent surface of the equipment that they are primarily seen against
(as defined in 4.1).
NOTE 22—Trip hazards include step over step-over structures on walk through walk-through equipment and structure that protrudes outside the footprint
of the main body of the equipment.
5.1.1.22 Foot support/pedal heel and toe retentions shall have significant color value contrast from the adjacent surface of the
equipment that they are primarily seen against (as defined in 4.1).
5.1.2 Seats, Sitting Surfaces, and Back Supports:
5.1.2.1 Seats/sitting surfaces shall have minimum dimensions of 380 mm (15.0 in.) width at the widest point and 255 mm (10.0
in.) depth at the centerline of the seat. For seats used in conjunction with a back support, the seat angle shall be a minimum of
5°, with the front edge of the seat higher than the rear.
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5.1.2.2 Fixed seats shall have a maximum height of 450 mm (17.7 in.) from the ground to the highest point of the seat. Where
the maximum fixed seat height is exceeded, an integral surface or separate step that complies with the requirements described in
5.1.1.6 – 5.1.1.8 shall be provided to reduce the height to a maximum of 450 mm (17.7 in.).
5.1.2.3 For lower or upper body equipment that has adjustable seat heights, the adjustable height shall include a fixed seat height
option in the range from 430 to 485 mm (16.9 to 19.1 in.).
5.1.2.4 Seated upper body equipment shall have an adjustable height seat.
NOTE 23—Upper body torso and back extension types of equipment are exempt from these criteria.
5.1.2.5 Seated upper body equipment shall have a removable/movable seat which, when removed/moved, creates an accessible
clear space of a minimum of 1300 mm (51.2 in.) length by 750 mm (29.5 in.) width by 975 mm (38.4 in.) height which is also
free of physical obstructions above the height of 15 mm (0.6 in.) in the remaining floor area to prevent trip hazards.
NOTE 24—Removable seats should have a storage positionpositions to safely keep itthem out of the clear space.
NOTE 25—Upper body torso and back extension types of equipment are exempt from these criteria.
5.1.2.6 When the seat is in the removed/moved position on upper body pressing equipment with an integral back support, for
example, chest and shoulder press, there shall be a minimum distance of 300 mm (11.8 in.) between at least one of the start
positions of the hand grips designed for wheelchair use and the back support of the specific fitness equipment.
NOTE 26—This is to allow for the design of wheelchairs which have a brace behind theirthe back support of the wheelchair to adopt a non-stressed start
position.
NOTE 27—A broader range of start positions is desirable to accommodate a larger range of wheelchair users and users with limited shoulder mobility.
NOTE 28—This space shall also be clear of any horizontal protrusions above floor height that may pose a danger for persons with impairment due to sharp
edges that may impede access for wheelchair users trying to achieve a correct exercise start position.
5.1.2.7 Removable/movable seats shall have appropriate mechanisms, for example, wheels or skids and hand grips or gripping
surfaces, to enable the seat to move easily over different floor surfaces and a means of preventing unintentional movement during
use (see Fig. 2). Seats which retain no permanent fixing to the equipment once removed shall have a hand grip(s) in an appropriate
FIG. 2 Example of a Movable Seat
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position to assist with moving them to/from the main structure of the equipment. Any movement or removal shall not require the
user to lift the seat fully unless the force required to move it weighs less than 7.5 kg (16.5 lb).
5.1.2.8 For removable/movable seats on products intended to have a specific exercise position, a physical locating or locking
mechanism or a visual reference shall be provided to indicate the correct seat alignment (see Fig. 3).
NOTE 29—Where in Left In the left photo of Fig. 3, the grey upholstery stripes provide a visual reference for the correct seat and back support alignment
and in Right the right photo the head support provides a physical locating mechanism for the correct back and head support alignment (since the back
support cannot be physically moved back any further).
5.1.2.9 Where a free weight style exercise bench is provided with equipment and where the movement path is primarily defined
by the user, for example, adjustable or high/low pulley equipment, it shall be a minimum width of 380 mm (15.0 in.) at the
hip/pelvic support area and a minimum length of 450 mm (17.7 in.) for seated benches and 1200 mm (47.2 in.) for prone/supine
benches.
NOTE 30—Prone is the exercise position of lying face down while supine is face up.
NOTE 31—These benches are exempt from Specification F3021 adjustable height requirement.
5.1.2.10 Integral back supports shall have a minimum width of 180 mm (7.0 in.) for a continuous minimum height of 500 mm
(19.7 in.).
5.1.2.11 All postural supports/surfaces shall be cleanable and padded to a minimum depth of 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) of foam. The
manufacturer shall disclose the thickness of the padding, the density of the padding per ISO 845 with a minimum of 75 kg/m ,
and the hardness per ISO 2439 with a minimum of 315 N (70.81 lbf).
5.1.2.12 Seats shall have significant color value contrast from the adjacent surface of the equipment that they are primarily seen
against (as defined in 4.1).
NOTE 32—Consideration should be given to both light and dark colors for contrast with different floor surfaces.
5.1.3 Adjustment Mechanisms:
5.1.3.1 Adjustment mechanisms required for set up shall be visible in a clear line of sight to the user when approaching the
FIG. 3 Example of a Physical Locating Mechanism
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equipment or from the primary exercise position, or both, as seen from a 5 % female to 95 % male sitting height (refer to Table
1 “Dimensions of US Civilian Male and Females” in Test Method F3022).
5.1.3.2 Left/right hand bias of adjustment mechanisms required for set up shall be avoided.
NOTE 33—Weight stack(s)/resistance selection is excluded from the requirement for left/right hand bias, provided the resistan
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