Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication. Only unused fluid is defined before it is installed in the turbine while fluids used in electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems is not. The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate phosphate ester lubricants. Fire tests shall be performed which measure and describe the properties of the phosphate esters in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be considered or used for the description or appraisal of the fire hazard of the fluids under actual fire conditions.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This is a specification to define the requirements of fire resistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication. This specification defines phosphate ester fluids which will give satisfactory lubrication performance in a turbine engine. However, it is possible that phosphate esters that do not meet this specification may give adequate performance in the field.
Fire resistant fluids are more difficult to ignite and show little tendency to propagate a flame. The term “fire resistant fluid” does not mean that the fluid will not burn.
The normal fluid operating temperature will be in the range of 54 to 65°C and will experience a maximum temperature of about 93°C during flow across the turbine bearings whose housing temperature may be as high as 343°C.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication.
1.2 The specification defines only unused fluid before it is installed in the turbine. It is not intended for fluids used in electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems.
1.3 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate phosphate ester lubricants.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to Sections 5 and 5.3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Historical
Publication Date
14-Oct-2008
Current Stage
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ASTM D4293-83(2008) - Standard Specification for Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4293 −83(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Specification for
Phosphate Ester Based Fluids for Turbine Lubrication
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4293; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for phosphate
2000)
ester based fire resistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication.
D2619 Test Method for Hydrolytic Stability of Hydraulic
1.2 The specification defines only unused fluid before it is
Fluids (Beverage Bottle Method)
installed in the turbine. It is not intended for fluids used in
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems.
Petroleum Products
1.3 The use of this type of fluid is restricted to turbine
2.2 Federal Test Method Standard:
systems that have been designed or modified to accommodate
791B, Method 5308 Corrosiveness and Oxidation Stability
phosphate ester lubricants.
of Light Oils (Metal Strip)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 2.3 SAE Aeronautical Material Specification:
SAE AMS 3150C Hot Manifold and High Temperature
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. Ignition Flammability Tests
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to
3. Functional Property Requirements
Sections 5 and 5.3. This standard does not purport to address
3.1 Requirements for ISO viscosity grades 32 and 46
all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is
phosphate ester based fire resistant fluids are shown in Table 1.
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
3.2 The choice of viscosity grade for use in a particular
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
turbine should comply with the turbine manufacturer’s recom-
mendation.
2. Referenced Documents
3.3 The autoignition temperature property for phosphate
2.1 ASTM Standards:
esters, although important to turbine manufacturers and to fluid
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
users, is not listed because there is no published procedure in
Open Cup Tester
the ASTM manual.
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
4. Significance and Use
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
4.1 This is a specification to define the requirements of fire
ity)
resistant fluids for use in turbine lubrication. This specification
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
defines phosphate ester fluids which will give satisfactory
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
lubrication performance in a turbine engine. However, it is
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
possible that phosphate esters that do not meet this specifica-
ing Oils
tion may give adequate performance in the field.
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Indicator Titration
4.2 Fire resistant fluids are more difficult to ignite and show
little tendency to propagate a flame. The term “fire resistant
fluid” does not mean that the fluid will not burn.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4293–83(2003). www.astm.org.
DOI: 10.1520/D4293-83R08. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.dodssp.daps.mil.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4293−83 (2008)
TABLE 1 Requirements for Fire Resistant Turbine Lubricants
Limits ISO Viscosity Grade
Property Test Method
32 46
Viscosity
...

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