ASTM D3111-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
Standard Test Method for Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel Bend Test Method
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexibility of a hot-melt adhesive in sheet form under specific test conditions. This is a working test. Its results are useful for comparing adhesives, not for absolute characterization of adhesives.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 3111 – 99
Standard Test Method for
Flexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by Mandrel
Bend Test Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 flexibility, n—that property of a material by virtue of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex-
which it may be flexed or bowed repeatedly without undergo-
ibility of a hot-melt adhesive in sheet form under specific test
ing rupture.
conditions. This is a working test. Its results are useful for
3.2.2 hot-melt adhesive—an adhesive that is applied in a
comparing adhesives, not for absolute characterization of
molten state and forms a bond on cooling to a solid state.
adhesives.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Test strips of a hot-melt adhesive properly sized and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
conditioned, are bent 180° over a mandrel (rod). Using a fresh
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimen for each test, the test is repeated with smaller
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
diameter mandrels until the adhesive fails on bending. The
2. Referenced Documents flexibility of the adhesive is the smallest diameter mandrel over
which four out of five test specimens do not break.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
5. Significance and Use
D 1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached Organic
5.1 The “Mandrel Bend” test is simple and fast. It requires
Coatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus
little investment in equipment and little operator training. The
E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-
prime purpose is to determine whether a hot-melt adhesive
tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials
meets flexibility requirements. This test is also useful for
2.2 Other Method:
comparing flexibility of several adhesives. It can be used to
Federal Test Specification U.S. 141C, Peat, Varnish, Lac-
design adhesives by comparing the flexibility of various
quer, and Related Materials: Methods of Inspection, Sam-
5 formulations to meet specific end use parameters. The adhesive
pling and Testing
flexibility can be determined at temperatures other than ambi-
NOTE 1—Although no tests related specifically to flexibility of unsup-
ent by conditioning the test apparatus and test specimens at the
ported hot-melt adhesives in sheet form, the above tests concerned with
desired temperature and performing the test under these
film flexibility of coatings (supported films) are similar.
temperature conditions.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions—Many terms in this test method are defined
6.1 The test apparatus consists of a series of different
in Terminology D 907.
diameter cylindrical rods or mandrels supported at each end.
There shall be enough space to permit placement of the flat side
of a test specimen tangentially at right angles to the longitu-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D-14 on Adhesives and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.50 on Hot Melt and Pressure
dinal axis of the test mandrel. Individual requirements deter-
Sensitive Adhesives.
mine the diameter and lengths of the rods needed. For most
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published June 1999. Originally
1 1 1
tests, 3.2 mm (; ⁄8 in.), 6.4 mm (; ⁄4 in.), and 12.8 mm (; ⁄2
published as D 3111 – 72 T. Last previous edition D3111 – 88 (1994)e1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. in.) diameter by 75 to 150-mm (;3 to 6-in.) long rods made of
Discontinued—see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Replaced
brass or stainless steel are satisfactory. Fig. 1 describes two
by Test Method D 522.
simple test frames, one with fixed mandrels and the other
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
designed to take any diameter mandrel.
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D3111–99
NOTE 1—(Recess to fit test frame) Figures in parentheses are approximate.
FIG. 1 Test M
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