ASTM D7271-06

Standard Test Method for Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an Oscillatory Rheometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method has found acceptance in the lithographic ink industry in predicting rheological behavior of a vehicle under press conditions caused by extrusion, shear-thinning rollers and dot gain recovery.
This test method is restricted within the torque limitations and strain resolution of the rheometer used.
Results may not be reproducible if the vehicle is not homogenous.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the viscoelastic properties of printing ink vehicles by measuring the G', G", and tan delta using a controlled strain cone and plate oscillatory rheometer.
1.2 This test method provides the flexibility of using several different types of rheometers to determine viscoelastic properties in ink vehicles.
1.3 This test method is not intended for systems that are volatile at procedure temperatures as evaporation may occur effectively changing the percent solids before testing is finished and significantly altering the rheology.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2006
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• ICS: 87.080 - Inks. Printing inks
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.37 - Ink Vehicles

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D7271-06(2012) - Standard Test Method for Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an Oscillatory Rheometer
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7271 − 06
StandardTest Method for
Viscoelastic Properties of Paste Ink Vehicle Using an
Oscillatory Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7271; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1.1 Discussion—Theuserprovidesaspecifiedgeometry,
frequency range, strain % or oscillatory stress and temperature
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
of the test. This test will produce the data required for this
the viscoelastic properties of printing ink vehicles by measur-
method.
ing the G’, G”, and tan delta using a controlled strain cone and
3.1.2 G’, n—the elastic (storage) modulus obtained from an
plate oscillatory rheometer.
oscillatory test represents the energy stored during each fre-
1.2 This test method provides the flexibility of using several
quency cycle, where the stress is divided by the corresponding
different types of rheometers to determine viscoelastic proper-
linear elastic strain.
ties in ink vehicles.
3.1.3 G”, n—the viscous (loss) modulus obtained from an
1.3 This test method is not intended for systems that are
oscillatory test represents the amount of energy lost during
volatile at procedure temperatures as evaporation may occur
each frequency cycle or the imaginary part of the complex
effectivelychangingthepercentsolidsbeforetestingisfinished
modulus (for shear).
and significantly altering the rheology.
3.1.4 geometry, n—the cone used in the test.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.5 shear strain, n—relative deformation in shear; term
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
often abbreviated to shear.
standard.
3.1.6 shear stress, n—the component of stress parallel to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(tangential to) the area considered.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7 strain, n—the measurement of deformation relative to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- a reference configuration.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.8 tan delta(d), n—the ratio of G” (viscous modulus) to
G’ (elastic modulus).
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.9 viscoelasticity, n—the phenomena exhibited by a liq-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
uid when energy is applied and once the force is released, the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
liquid recovers towards its original state by means of stored
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
energy.
3. Terminology
4. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Definitions:
4.1 Apply the ink vehicle to the plate of a rheometer.
3.1.1 frequency sweep test, n—most rheometers have pro-
4.2 Select the geometry (cone) and set to the required gap to
grams specific for their instrument.
the plate.
4.3 Remove the excess vehicle with the ink spatula.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
4.4 Set the required temperature, strain or stress and fre-
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles
quency range for the frequency sweep. (Most rheometers have
Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published June 2006. DOI: 10.1520/
a test sequence that can be pre-prepared.)
D7271-06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.5 Allow five minutes for temperature calibration and the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
vehicle to relax to its lowest energy state.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
NOTE 1—Do not run a pre-shear sequence as this may affect results.
Many of the definitions came wholly or in part from “An Introduction to
Rheology,” H.A. Barnes, J.F. Hutton, and K. Walters, Elesevier, 1989. 4.6 Start the frequency sweep test.
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D7271 − 06
5. Significance and Use 10.4 Allow the vehicle to equilibrate to 25°C (or required
temperature) for five minutes. (This is the test temperature that
5.1 This test method has found acceptance in the litho-
should be programmed into the instrument prior to starting.)
graphic ink industry in predicting rheological behavior of a
vehicle under press conditions caused by extrusion, shear-
NOTE 3—This method suggests that no pre-shear sequence is run. This
changes the rheology of the sample and though the pre-shear sequence
thinning rollers and dot gain recovery.
may be reproducible, the resulting data is tampered by the pre-shear.
5.2 This test method is restricted within the torque limita-
10.5 Open the Frequency Sweep Test on the computer
tions and strain resolution of the rheometer used.
attached to the instrument.
5.3 Results may not be reproducible if the vehicle
...