Standard Guide for the Determination of Technetium-99 in Soil

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide offers several options for the determination of 99Tc in soil samples. Sample sizes of up to 200 g are possible, depending on the method chosen to extract Tc from the soil matrix. It is up to the user to determine if it is appropriate for the intended use of the final data.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a reference for laboratories wishing to perform 99Tc analyses in soil. Several options are given for selection of a tracer and for the method of extracting the Tc from the soil matrix. Separation of Tc from the sample matrix is performed using an extraction chromatography resin. Options are then given for the determination of the 99Tc activity in the original sample. It is up to the user to determine which options are appropriate for use, and to generate acceptance data to support the chosen procedure.  
1.2 Due to the various extraction methods available, various tracers used, variable detection methods used, and lack of certified reference materials for 99Tc in soil, there is insufficient data to support a single method written as a standard method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1387 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
the Determination of Technetium-99 in Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a reference for 3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide, refer to Terminol-
99
laboratories wishing to perform Tc analyses in soil. Several ogy C859.
options are given for selection of a tracer and for the method of
4. Summary of Guide
extracting the Tc from the soil matrix. Separation of Tc from
the sample matrix is performed using an extraction chroma-
4.1 There are no stable isotopes of technetium.
tography resin. Options are then given for the determination of
Technetium-99 is produced by the fission of uranium and
99
the Tc activity in the original sample. It is up to the user to
plutonium, and has been released to the environment via
determine which options are appropriate for use, and to
nuclear weapons testing and nuclear materials processing. In
generate acceptance data to support the chosen procedure.
an oxidizing environment, it exists as the very mobile pertech-

netate ion, TcO . Technetium-99 is a long-lived (half-life of
1.2 Due to the various extraction methods available, various 4
2.1 E 5 years), weak beta (maximum beta energy of 293 keV)
tracers used, variable detection methods used, and lack of
99
emitting radioisotope.
certified reference materials for Tc in soil, there is insufficient
99
data to support a single method written as a standard method.
4.2 For the analysis of Tc in soil, a tracer is added to the
sample matrix, or spiked duplicate samples are prepared, and
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
then the Tc is extracted from the soil matrix by one of several
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
methods, including acid leaching or one of various fusion
standard.
methods. The resulting solution is passed through an extraction
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
chromatography column. Technetium is known to be retained
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by the extraction chromatography material while most other
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
elements pass through the column. The column is washed with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
dilute acid to remove any remaining interferents. The resin
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
may then be counted directly by adding it to a liquid scintil-
lation cocktail and counting by liquid scintillation
2. Referenced Documents
spectrometry, or the Tc may be eluted from the resin for
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
alternative counting or mass spectrometric techniques.
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides 5. Significance and Use
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determi-
5.1 This guide offers several options for the determination
nation of Radionuclides 99
of Tc in soil samples. Sample sizes of up to 200 g are
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
possible, depending on the method chosen to extract Tc from
99
D7168 Test Method for Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extrac-
the soil matrix. It is up to the user to determine if it is
tion Disk
appropriate for the intended use of the final data.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
6. Interferences
6.1 Any radionuclide not completely removed by the ex-
1
traction chromatography column that has a beta decay energy
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel
99
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
similar to or higher than Tc will interfere when counting
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originally 99
techniques are used for quantification of the Tc activity.
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C1387 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/C1387-14.
6.2 Any elements with a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 99
2
99
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(that is, naturally occurring isotope of Ru or other artificially
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
produced elements of sufficient half-life with similar m/z) can
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. interfere when using mass spectrometry for quantification of
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1387 − 08 C1387 − 14
Standard Guide for
1
the Determination of Technetium-99 in Soil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
99
1.1 This guide is intended to serve as a reference for laboratories wishing to perform Tc-99Tc analyses in soil. Several options
are given for selection of a tracer and for the method of extracting the Tc from the soil matrix. Separation of Tc from the sample
99
matrix is performed using an extraction chromatography resin. Options are then given for the determination of the Tc-99Tc
activity in the original sample. It is up to the user to determine which options are appropriate for use, and to generate acceptance
data to support the chosen procedure.
1.2 Due to the various extraction methods available, various tracers used, variable detection methods used, and lack of certified
99
reference materials for Tc-99Tc in soil, there is insufficient data to support a single method written as a standard method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials
C998 Practice for Sampling Surface Soil for Radionuclides
C999 Practice for Soil Sample Preparation for the Determination of Radionuclides
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
99
D7168 Test Method for Tc in Water by Solid Phase Extraction Disk
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide, refer to Terminology C859.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 There are no stable isotopes of technetium. Technetium-99 is produced by the fission of uranium and plutonium, and has
been released to the environment via nuclear weapons testing and nuclear materials processing. In an oxidizing environment, it

exists as the very mobile pertechnetate ion, TcO . Technetium-99 is a long-lived (half-life 213,000 of 2.1 E 5 years), weak beta
4
(beta max (maximum beta energy of 293 keV) emitting radioisotope.
99
4.2 For the analysis of Tc-99Tc in soil, a tracer is added to the sample matrix, or spiked duplicate samples are prepared, and
then the Tc is extracted from the soil matrix by one of several methods, including acid leaching or one of various fusion methods.
The resulting solution is passed through an extraction chromatography column. Technetium is known to be retained by the
extraction chromatography material while most other elements pass through the column. The column is washed with dilute acid
to remove any remaining interferents. The resin may then be counted directly by adding it to a liquid scintillation cocktail and
counting by liquid scintillation spectrometry, or the Tc may be eluted from the resin for alternative counting or mass spectrometric
techniques.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.05 on Methods of Test.
Current edition approved July 15, 2008Jan. 1, 2014. Published August 2008February 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
C1387 – 03.C1387 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/C1387-08.10.1520/C1387-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C1387 − 14
5. Significance and Use
99
5.1 This guide offers several options for the determination of Tc-99Tc in soil samples. Sample sizes of up to 200 g are possible,
depending on the method chosen to extract Tc from the soil matrix. It is up to the user to determine if it is appropriate for the
intended use of the fin
...

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