ASTM D1060-10(2018)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Packages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber Present
Standard Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Packages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber Present
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Core sampling is widely accepted, when applicable, for obtaining a laboratory sample representative of the clean wool fiber present in a lot of packaged raw wool.
5.2 If the wool is so loosely packed that a core cannot be cut, or if it is so highly compressed that the sampling tool cannot readily penetrate into the package to the required depth and in the required direction, core sampling is not applicable. The density of wool in most types of commercial packages is suitable for sampling by this method.
5.3 The procedure described in this practice is adapted to the application of statistical methods for estimating the size of sample required to achieve a required level of sample precision at minimum cost.
Note 1: The basic sampling equipment, operating procedure, and statistical approach used in this practice have been adapted for sampling lots of wool for the determination of other properties that are not affected by boring, such as average fiber diameter, and for sampling lots of other bulk fibers in packages.
FIG. 1 Small Diameter Wool Sampling Tool (United States Customs Service)
(Metric equivalents may be calculated by multiplying inches by 25.4 to obtain equivalent dimensions in millimetres.)
SCOPE
1.1 This practice for sampling covers a procedure for obtaining samples from lots of grease, pulled, or scoured wool or related animal fibers in bales or bags for the determination of the clean wool fiber present by a procedure similar to that described in Test Method D584.
1.2 This practice provides a description of suitable core sampling equipment, the sampling procedure, and the method for determining the number of packages to be bored and the number of cores to be taken from each sampled package.
1.3 Reliable estimates are given for the standard deviation of the percentage clean wool fiber present between packages and within packages for lots of many types of raw wool.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1060 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Practice for
Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Packages for Determination
of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber Present
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D584Test Method for Wool Content of Raw Wool—
Laboratory Scale
1.1 This practice for sampling covers a procedure for
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
obtaining samples from lots of grease, pulled, or scoured wool
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
or related animal fibers in bales or bags for the determination
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
of the clean wool fiber present by a procedure similar to that
Lot or Process
described in Test Method D584.
D4845Terminology Relating to Wool
1.2 This practice provides a description of suitable core
sampling equipment, the sampling procedure, and the method
3. Terminology
for determining the number of packages to be bored and the
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.13, Wool and Wool
number of cores to be taken from each sampled package.
Felt, refer to Terminology D4845.
1.3 Reliable estimates are given for the standard deviation
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
of the percentage clean wool fiber present between packages
clean wool fiber present, core and raw wool.
and within packages for lots of many types of raw wool.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
practice, refer to Terminology D123.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Summary of Practices
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
4.1 The lot is core sampled in accordance with one of a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the series of equivalent schedules based on estimates of variability
of the percentage clean wool fiber present and on the required
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- level of precision. A set of packages of wool is taken as a lot
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- sample. From each package in the lot sample, a fixed number
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. of cores of wool is drawn to be used as a laboratory sample.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- Guidance in the selection of the most economical of the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- equivalent schedules is provided.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 Core sampling is widely accepted, when applicable, for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
obtaining a laboratory sample representative of the clean wool
fiber present in a lot of packaged raw wool.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 If the wool is so loosely packed that a core cannot be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cut, or if it is so highly compressed that the sampling tool
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
cannot readily penetrate into the package to the required depth
and in the required direction, core sampling is not applicable.
The density of wool in most types of commercial packages is
ThispracticeisunderthejuristictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextilesand
suitable for sampling by this method.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved
5.3 The procedure described in this practice is adapted to
in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1060–10. DOI: 10.1520/
the application of statistical methods for estimating the size of
D1060-10R18.
samplerequiredtoachievearequiredlevelofsampleprecision
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
at minimum cost.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 1—The basic sampling equipment, operating procedure, and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1060 − 10 (2018)
(Metric equivalents may be calculated by multiplying inches by 25.4 to obtain equivalent dimensions in millimetres.)
FIG. 1 Small Diameter Wool Sampling Tool (United States Customs Service)
statistical approach used in this practice have been adapted for sampling
in samples obtained with a rotating 2-in. (50 mm) diameter
lots of wool for the determination of other properties that are not affected
tube with a toothed cutting edge has been demonstrated.
by boring, such as average fiber diameter, and for sampling lots of other
bulk fibers in packages.
6.2 Sample Container—A container with closure of such
material and so constructed that a sample stored therein will
6. Apparatus
not show a material change in its moisture content during the
6.1 Sampling Tool —A tube equipped with a cutting edge,
interval between sampling and weighing the sample for test.
together with a drill, hammer, press, or similar device, and
accessories. The tube must be capable of penetrating the
7. Sampling Procedure
required distance (see 7.2) into a package of wool and cutting
7.1 Time of Sampling—Take the sample at or about the time
a core therefrom, which core must be retained substantially
the lot is weighed.
unchanged within the tube during its withdrawal from a
package.
7.2 Depth of Penetration—Penetrateabaleofwoolwiththe
6.1.1 Fig. 1 illustrates the design of a recommended type of
sampling tube to a depth such that substantially all parts of the
rotatable small-diameter wool sampling tube.
package can be reached. Maintain the same depth of penetra-
6.1.2 Sampling tubes in common use range from approxi-
tion for each core taken from a given lot.
mately ⁄2 to 2 in. (13 to 50 mm) in diameter, and from 10 to
7.3 Location of Borings:
40 in. (250 to 1000 mm) in length.
7.3.1 Consider a package as composed of eight sections
6.1.3 Some types of sampling tubes are equipped with
approximatelyequalinvolume,definedbytoporbottom,front
receptacles at the rear of the tube.
1 or back, left or right.
6.1.4 Drillsof ⁄2hp(375w)rotatingat200to550rpm(3.3
7.3.2 Alternate the location of boring in such a fashion that
to 10 rps), have been found to be satisfactory.
the total composite sample will consist of approximately the
6.1.5 A toothed cutting edge on a rotating tube of small
same number of cores from each section of the packages.
diameter, instead of the smooth edge illustrated in Fig. 1,is
acceptable provided that for any specific design it has been
7.3.3 If the packages have been compressed in a baling
shownthatabiasisnotintroducedthereby.Theabsenceofbias
press, enter a package through a compression surface and in a
direction normal to that surface.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
7.4 Whenever there is danger that loose sand or other
is Yocom-McColl Testing Laboratories, Inc., 540 Elk Place, Denver, CO 80216. If
material may drop out of the tube during or after boring, so
you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
position the package that the direction of boring will be
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. horizontal.
D1060 − 10 (2018)
7.5 Just before entering a sampling tube into a package of
1.960 = valueofStudent’stforinfinitedegreesoffreedom,two-sided
limits, and a 95% probability level.
wool, cut the covering in such a way that none of the covering
materialfibersbecomemixedwiththecoreorwiththewoolin
8.2.1 Reliable Estimates of Variances Available—When re-
2 2
the package.
liable estimates of σ and σ are available, determine the
b w
required number of packages based on a specific number of
7.6 Immediately upon withdrawal of the tube after boring,
cores per package using Eq 2 or Table 1:
extrude the core directly into the sample container or the
2 2 2
intermediate receptacle (6.1.3) without loss of material or
n 5 N s 1ks / 0.2603 kN1ks (2)
~ ! @ #
w b b
unnecessary exposure to atmospheric conditions that may
where:
result in a change in the moisture content of the core.
n = number of packages to be selected from the lot for
coring (rounded upward to a whole number),
8. Size of Sample
N =
8.1 Variance of Sample Mean—If a sample consists of k
k = number of cores to be taken from each selected
cores from each of n packages from a lot of N packages of raw
package (Note 5),
wool, and the n× k cores are composited into a single sample
s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation for
w
onwhich mtestsforpercentcleanwoolfiberpresentaremade,
percent clean wool fiber present of cores within
thenthevarianceofthemeanoftheobservationsisgivenusing
packages of a lot of similar packaged raw wool
Eq 1 (Notes 2 and 3):
(Note 6),
2 2 2
σ N 2 n σ σ s = reliable estimate of the standard deviation for
b
b w t
σ 5 3 1 1 (1)
x
percent clean wool fiber present between packages
n N n 3k m
withinalotofsimilarpackagedrawwool(Note6),
σ
t and
5σ 1
s
m
0.2603 = value defined in Note 4.
NOTE 5—Any convenient value of k may be used, but the value of k
where:
calculated using Eq 3 and rounding to the nearest whole number will give
σ = variance of the mean of the m observations,
the most economical sample:
x
σ = variance for percent clean wool fiber present between
b
2 2
k 5 ~s 3B/s 3C!2 (3)
packages within the lot, w b
σ = average variance for percent clean wool fiber present
w
where:
of cores within packages of the lot,
B = average cost of selecting and positioning a package for coring,
σ = variance of observations on a homogeneous sample,
t and
σ = variance for percent clean wool fiber present for the C = averagecostoftakingandhandlingacore,andtheothertermsare
s
defined in the legend for Eq 2.
sample, as defined by Eq 1,
NOTE 6—Estimates of the variances are best based on data obtained in
n = number of packages selected at random from the lot
investigations using analysis of variance techniques for lots of similar
from which cores are taken,
packaged raw wool. The estimates listed in TableA1.1 were so obtained.
N = number of packages in the lot,
Estimatesmayalsobebasedonrecordsintheuser’slaboratoryiftheplan
k = number of cores taken from each of the n packages, 5
for sampling and testing described in STP 114 has been followed. For
and
testing that does not involve a dispute between the purchaser and the
m = number of observations made on the composite supplier, variances may be estimated as specified in Practice E122.
sample.
8.2.2 No Reliable Estimates of Variances Available—When
2 2
NOTE 2—Uniform mass of packages and of cores are assumed. If the
noreliableestimatesofσ andσ areavailable,determinethe
b w
departure from uniformity is such that a material error would be
required number of packages based on a specific number of
introduced by this assumption, proportional compositing must be adhered
cores per package using Eq 2 or Table 1 and s = s =5.0
to. w b
NOTE3—Thefactor(N-n)/Nisthecorrectionforsamplingfromafinite percentage points.These estimates of variability are somewhat
population. A corresponding correction is generally not necessary for
larger than the variability usually found in practice and will
cores and tests.
usually require a larger number of cores than when reliable
8.2 Number of Cores—Unless otherwise agreed upon, as estimates of variability are available.
when specified in an applicable material specification, take a
2 9. Sampling Schedules
number of cores such that σ will be 0.2603.
s
9.1 For convenience, Table 1 gives the values of n calcu-
NOTE 4—0.2603 is the value calculated from (1.0/1.960)
lated by Eq 2 for selected pairs of values of s and s and for
w b
where: selected lot sizes, N, and numbers of cores per package, k, for
1.0 = allowable variation of the percent clean wool fiber present of
an allowable variation of 61.0% clean wool fiber present at a
the composite sample, and
probability level of 95%.
10. Keywords
10.1 sampling; wool content
For background information, see the paper by Louis Tanner and W. Edwards
Deming,“SomeProblemsintheSamplingofBulkMaterials,” Proceedings,ASTM,
Vol 49, 1949, p. 1181 and ASTM Practice E105. Symposium on Bulk Sampling, ASTM STP 114, ASTM, 1952.
D1060 − 10 (2018)
A
TABLE 1 Values of n for an Allowable Variation of ±1.0 % Clean Wool Fiber Present (0.86 % Wool Base) at a Probability Level of 95 % ,
for Selected Values of s , s , and k
w b
Number of Number of Packages in Lot, N
Cores per
s s 25 50 75 100 150 200 300 500 750 1000
w b
Sampled
Package, k Number of Packages to Be Sampled, n
1.0 1.0 1 788 8888888
1.0 1.5 1 10 11 12 12121213131313
1.0 2.0 1 121517 17181819191919
1.0 2.5 1 151922 23242526272728
1.0 3.0 1 172327 29323335363738
1.0 3.5 1 182732 35394344474849
1.0 4.0 1 193036 41475055596162
1.0 4.5 1 203240 46545965717476
1.0 5.0 1 213544 51616876848992
1.5 1.0 1 11 1212 13131313131313
1.5 1.5 1 131516 16171717171818
1.5 2.0 1 151920 21222323242424
1.5 2.5 1 172325 27293031323232
1.5 3.0 1 192630 33363739414242
1.5 3.5 1 202935 38434649515354
1.5 4.0 1 213239 44505459636567
1.5 4.5 1 213443 49576369757981
1.5 5.0 1 223646 54647180889396
2.0 1.0 1 171819 19191919202020
2 10 11 11 12121212121212
2.0 1.5 1 182122 23232424242424
2 131415 16161616171717
2.0 2.0 1 202426 27282930303131
2 151820 20212222232323
2.0 2.5 1 212730 32343637383939
2 172225 26282930313131
2.0 3.0 1 213035 38414345474849
2 182529 32353738404141
2.0 3.5 1 223339 43485154585960
2 192934 38424548515253
2.0 4.0 1 233543 48555964697273
2 203239 43505358626466
2.0 4.5 1 233746 53626874818587
2 213442 49576268747880
2.0 5.0 1 243949 576876859499 102
2 223646 53647179889295
2.5 1.0 1 252627 27282828282828
2 141516 16161616161616
2.5 1.5 1 252830 31313232333333
2 161819 20202021212121
2.5 2.0 1 253133 35363738393939
2 17212324 252627272727
2.5 2.5 1 253337 39424345464747
2 192528 3032 3
...
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