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ASTM D4495-00

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight

Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) profile under specified conditions of impact by means of a falling weight.
1.2 This test method is able to be used by itself or in conjunction with other methods of measuring PVC product toughness.
1.3 Because of the wide variety of profile sizes and shapes and the wide variety of manufacturing procedures and field abuse, this test method does not correlate universally with all types of abuse. Therefore, correlations must be established as needed.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
Note 1--There is no equivalent or similar ISO standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-2000
ICS
83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.24 - Plastic Building Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4495-00(2005) - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6638-18 - Standard Test Method for Determining Connection Strength Between Geosynthetic Reinforcement and Segmental Concrete Units (Modular Concrete Blocks)
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7031-11(2019) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Products
Effective Date
10-Jul-2000

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ASTM D4495-00 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling WeightASTM D4495-00 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight
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ASTM D4495-00 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4495 – 00
Standard Test Method for
Impact Resistance of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Rigid
Profiles by Means of a Falling Weight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure— the presence of a brittle failure readily
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the energy
visible by the naked eye, including a sharp crack, split, or
required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
shatter in any part of the profile as a result of the impact of the
profile under specified conditions of impact by means of a
falling weight. Failure does not include ductile tears (where the
falling weight.
surfaces at the tip of the crack have a greater than 0° angle), or
1.2 This test method is able to be used by itself or in
ductile breaks (hinged breaks where the cracked part remains
conjunction with other methods of measuring PVC product
joined to the unbroken part throughout the length of the
toughness.
cracked part or section), (Fig. 1).
1.3 Because of the wide variety of profile sizes and shapes
3.2.2 mean failure height—the height from which the
and the wide variety of manufacturing procedures and field
falling weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
abuse, this test method does not correlate universally with all
3.2.3 mean failure energy—energy required to produce
types of abuse. Therefore, correlations must be established as
50 % failures. The product of the weight and mean failure
needed.
height.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.2.4 outlier—an observation that appears to deviate mark-
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
edly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of this standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 The profile is cut into lengths of at least 6 in. The test
as the standard.
method establishes the height from which a standard falling
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent or similar ISO standard.
weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 TheimpactstrengthofPVCprofilesrelatestosuitability
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
for service and to quality of processing. Impact tests are used
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
for quality-control purposes and as an indication that products
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
can withstand handling during assembling, installation, or in
2. Referenced Documents
service.
5.2 Results obtained by use of this test method can be used
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical in two ways:
5.2.1 As the basis for establishing impact-test requirements
Insulating Materials for Testing
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics in product standards, and
5.2.2 To measure the effect of changes in materials or
E 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations
processing.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
6.1 General—One type of impact tester is illustrated in Fig.
nology D 883, unless otherwise indicated.
2.
6.2 Falling Weight, shall be cylindrical and 2 ⁄2 in. in
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
diameter, with a flat-bottom surface that strikes the test
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteD20.24onPlasticBuildingProducts.
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally specimen.
published as D 4495 – 85. Last previous edition D 4495 – 98.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4495
FIG. 1 Types of Breaks
NOTE 2—It is suggested that the striking portion of the weight be made by a partial vacuum above the weight, such as can be caused by the hold
of scratch-resistant steel to reduce damage to the striking surface. Badly and release device.
scarred surfaces may affect test results.
6.3.2 Means shall be provided to hold the weight to be
6.2.1 The mass of the falling weight shall be 10 6 0.5 lb.
dropped at steps of 2 in. (50 mm) for a distance of 2 to 10 ft
6.3 Drop Tube, shall be of sufficient length (approximately
(600 mm to 3 m) above the flat-plate holder, to release the
12 ft (4 m)) to provide for a fall of at least 10 ft (3 m) and shall
weightinareproduciblemanner,andtoallowtheweighttofall
be mounted so that the lengthwise direction is vertical, as
freely.
measured with a plumb bob or a spirit level at least 2 ft (600
6.4 Specimen Holder—The flat plate shall be used as a
mm) in length.
specimen holder.
6.3.1 Care must be taken to ensure that the weight falls
6.4.1 The rigid steel flat-plate holder shall consist of a plate
freely; it must not “chatter” down the tube.
approximately 8 by 12 by 1 in. (200 by 300 by 25 mm). The
specimen holder shall be fastened to a concrete slab (floor).
NOTE 3—Noparticularmaterialforthedroptubeisspecified.However,
a cold-drawn seamless steel tubing with an inside diameter of 2 ⁄8 to 2 Meansshallbeprovidedtocenterthespecimensunderthedrop
⁄4in. (67 to 70 mm) has been found to be satisfactory. It may also be
tube.
necessary to provide a protective barrier around the specimen, particularly
for larger sizes of profile, to protect the operator from flying broken
7. Test Specimens
pieces.
7.1 The profile shall be not less than 6 in. (150 mm) in
NOTE 4—The dropped weight may not fall freely if the clearance
between the weight and tube is too large or too small, or if it is restrained length.
D 4495
8.2 Quality-Control Tests—Condition the test specimens at
73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) for4hinair.
9. Procedure
9.1 Cut the profile into samples 6 in. (152 mm) long.
9.2 Choose a specimen at random from the sample.
9.3 After raising the weight, place the specimen on the
specimen holder between two pair of snug-fitting right-angle-
slotted brackets in such a way that it rests in the most stable
position and is centered under the weight. The brackets are
used to prevent any lateral movement of the profile and any
sliding out during impact.
NOTE 6—During the roun
...

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ASTM D6109-24(Test Method)
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4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Dual Cantilever Beam)

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5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using a very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:  
5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,  
5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemical structure,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives ...
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1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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ASTM
ASTM D6117-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in Plastic Lumber and Shapes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The resistance of plastic lumber and shapes to direct withdrawal of nails, staples, or screws is a measure of its ability to hold or be held to an adjoining object by means of such fasteners. Factors that affect this withdrawal resistance include the physical and mechanical properties of the plastic lumber and shapes; the size, shape, and surface condition of the fasteners; the speed of withdrawal; physical changes to plastic lumber and shapes or fasteners between time of driving and time of withdrawal; orientation of fiber axis; the occurrence and nature of prebored lead holes; and the temperatures during insertion and withdrawal. These factors will be as circumstances dictate, and representative of the normal manufacturing process.  
6.2 By using a standard size and type of nail, staple, or screw, withdrawal resistance of plastic lumber and shapes can be determined. Throughout the method this is referred to as the basic withdrawal test. Similarly, comparative performances of different sizes or types of nail, staple, or screw can be determined by using a standard procedure with a particular plastic lumber and shape, which eliminates the plastic lumber and shapes product as a variable. Since differences in test methods can have considerable influence on results, it is important that a standard procedure be specified and adhered to, if test values are to be related to other test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of fastener use with “as manufactured” plastic lumber and shapes through the use of two different testing procedures.  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal Test  
4 to 13  
Test Method B—Nail, Staple, or Screw Lateral Resistance Test  
14 to 22  
1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic shapes are currently made predominately from recycled plastics. However, these test methods would also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7211-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Parts Machined from Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and Intended for General Use

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for finished parts machined from unplasticized polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) homopolymers containing regrind and recycled polymer intended for general commercial use. This specification does not cover parts machined from PCTFE copolymers, PCTFE films or tapes, or modified PCTFE containing pigments or plasticizers. Nor does it cover PCTFE parts used in aerospace applications involving storage and handling of oxygen media, air media, inert media, and certain reactive media (specifically ammonia, gaseous hydrogen, and liquid hydrogen), wherein dimensional stability, high molecular weight, molecular weight retention, and crystallinity control are important considerations. Materials shall be tested on and conform accordingly to the following properties: specific gravity; melting point; deformation under load; zero strength time (ZST); annealing performance; and dimensional stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to be a means of calling out finished machined parts ready for general use.  
1.2 This specification establishes requirements for parts machined from polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) semifinished parts.  
1.3 For aerospace grade, machined PCTFE parts, use Specification D7194.
Note 1: Quick-quenched PCTFE will potentially exhibit dimensional relaxation in the vicinity of Tg = 55°C (131°F).
Note 2: Although no recommendations are made regarding the limiting upper use temperature of PCTFE, the heat deflection temperature of PCTFE as determined by Test Method D648 is 126°C (259°F).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6779-23(Specification)
Standard Classification System for and Basis of Specification for Polyamide Molding and Extrusion Materials (PA)

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers polyamide materials suitable for molding and extrusion. Some of these compositions are also suitable for application from solution.  
1.2 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.  
1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this classification system. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This classification system is similar to ISO 16396-1/-2,
although the technical content is significantly different.
Note 2: The materials covered by this classification system include a subset of polyamides defined as polyphthalamides (PPA) as in 3.2.1, some of which are also classified in ASTM D5336. Specifically, groups 7, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 17 in this standard are PPA materials. ASTM D5336 gives further details relating to groups 10, 12 and 13.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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