ASTM D2144-01e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption
Standard Test Methods for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are to be used for the recording and interpretation of infrared absorption spectra of electrical insulating oils from 2.5 to 25 µm (4000 to 400 cm-1).
1.2 Two test methods are covered, a Reference Standard Test Method and a Differential Test Method.
1.3 These test methods are designed primarily for use as rapid continuity tests for identifying a shipment of oil from a supplier by comparing its spectrogram with that obtained from previous shipments, or with the sample on which approval tests were made. They also may be used for the detection of certain types of contamination in oils, and for the identification of oils in storage or service, by comparison of the spectra of the unknown and known oils. The test methods are not intended for the determination of the various constituents of an oil.
1.4 Caution--Infrared absorption is a tool of high resolving power. Conclusions as to continuity of oil quality should not be drawn until sufficient data have been accumulated so that the shipment-to-shipment variation is clearly established, for example.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D 2144 –01
Standard Test Methods for
Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared
1
Absorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2144; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made in July 2001.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods are to be used for the recording and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
interpretation of infrared absorption spectra of electrical insu- D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids
−1
3
lating oils from 2.5 to 25 µm (4000 to 400 cm ). E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
NOTE 1—While these test methods are specific to ratio recording
3
tative Analysis
double-beam dispersive spectrophotometers, single-beam and HATR
E932 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
(horizontal attentuation total reflectance), Fourier-transform rapid scan
3
of Dispersive Infrared Spectrophotometers
infrared spectrophotometers may also be used. By computerized subtrac-
tion techniques, ratio methods can be used. Any of these types of
3. Terminology
equipment may be suitable if they comply with the specifications
described in Practice E932.
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsandsymbols,refer
1.2 Two test methods are covered, a Reference Standard to Terminology E131.
Test Method and a Differential Test Method.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.3 These test methods are designed primarily for use as
rapid continuity tests for identifying a shipment of oil from a 4.1 The infrared absorption spectrum may be recorded on
the spectrophotometer by either of the two test methods
supplier by comparing its spectrogram with that obtained from
previousshipments,orwiththesampleonwhichapprovaltests outlined below. In both test methods differences in wavelength
orfrequencyandintensityoftheabsorptionbandsareobserved
were made.They also may be used for the detection of certain
and measured.
types of contamination in oils, and for the identification of oils
in storage or service, by comparison of the spectra of the 4.1.1 Reference Standard Test Method—An infrared cell
filled with the insulating oil test specimen is placed in the
unknown and known oils. The test methods are not intended
for the determination of the various constituents of an oil. sample beam of the spectrophotometer. With the shutter of the
reference beam open, the infrared absorption spectrum is
1.4 Caution—Infraredabsorptionisatoolofhighresolving
power.Conclusionsastocontinuityofoilqualityshouldnotbe recorded over the entire range of the instrument. The absorp-
tionspectrumofthetestspecimeniscomparedwithareference
drawn until sufficient data have been accumulated so that the
shipment-to-shipment variation is clearly established, for ex- spectrumobtainedwithoilfromaprevioustestspecimenorthe
qualification oil.
ample.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1.2 Differential Test Method—Two cells having the same
sample path length are filled, one with the test specimen and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- the other with the reference oil.The filled cells are then placed
in the paths of the sample and reference beams, respectively,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. and the differential absorption spectrum recorded. This spec-
trum is then compared with the reference differential spectrum
obtainedinasimilarmannerwiththesamecellsfilledwiththe
1
reference oil.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand are the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D27.03on Analytical Tests.
2
Current edition approved April 10, 2001. Published June 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
3
published as D 2144–63 T. Last previous edition D 2144–94.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2144
5. Significance and Use invert the sample container and swirl the fluid several times
and then permit it to stand undisturbed for 15 min.
5.1 The infrared spectrum of an electrical insulating oil is a
record of the absorption of infrared energy over a range of
10. Cleaning, Storing, and Filling the Cell
wavelengths. The spectrum indicates the general chemical
composition of
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.