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ASTM F2821-15

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters

Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods enable the user to determine if a rescue litter meets the requirement for strength depending upon particular applications and methods of use.  
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2015
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.01 - Equipment, Testing, and Maintenance
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2821-10 - Standard Test Methods for Basket Type Rescue Litters
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2821 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Basket Type Rescue Litters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 These test methods enable the user to determine if a 3.1 Horizontal test method is designed to test the litter
rescue litter meets the requirement for strength depending upon attachment points and the resistance of the litter to folding or
particular applications and methods of use. curling.
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed 3.2 Vertical test method is designed to test the structural
to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions. strength of the head end of the litter or the manufacturer’s
designated bridle attachment points or both, and for a two-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
piece litter, to also test the connection between the two sections
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
of the litter.
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard. 3.3 These tests are destructive in nature and will require a
new litter for each test.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifi-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cations can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
2. Terminology
5. Apparatus
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
5.1 General—Use calibrated electronic load measuring de-
2.1.1 basket type litter, n—a conveyance for the sick or
vices. The testing equipment shall have sufficient capacity to
injured usually consisting of a tubular metal frame enclosing a
prevent yielding of its components under the anticipated
molded plastic or wire shell.Also known as a basket stretcher.
ultimate load, and shall have sufficient stiffness to ensure that
the applied tension loads remain parallel to the axis of the
2.1.2 litter bridle, n—a manufactured or improvised system
anchors.
that attaches the litter to the raising or lowering system.
2.1.3 horizontal lift, n—refers to the patient being in a 5.2 Anchor Plate—Shall be installed in the litter in such a
horizontal position with the head and feet at approximately the
way that the force distributes equally and does not concentrate
same level. In this configuration the litter bridle attaches to the on a single element. The purpose is to test the attachment
litter at four points.
points of the litter bridle, the connection points that hold the
halves of two-piece litter together, and the litter’s ability to
2.1.4 anchor plate, n—a device installed inside the litter that
resist folding or bending both longitudinally and laterally. The
is used to attach the litter to the bed of the test apparatus. It
anchor plate size must be kept to a minimum so that it does not
must be of sufficient size and stiffness to distribute the forces
provide any increased resistance to the litter bending during a
on the litter shell or frame, thereby allowing the test of the
test. In cases where the litter does not have a frame, the plate
attachment points
shall span any ribs or other structural elements within the shell
2.1.5 vertical lift, n—refers to the patient being in a head up
in order that the forces are distributed over a wide enough area
and feet down position. In this configuration the litter bridle
that unintentional damage does not occur.
attaches to the litter at the head end only.
5.3 Sample Orientation—The litter subject to test can be
loaded either horizontally or vertically depending upon the test
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on
apparatus being used.
Search and Rescue and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.01 on
Equipment, Testing, and Maintenance. 6. Hazards
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published February 2016. Originally
6.1 This standard does not purport to address all of the
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2821 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/F2821-15. safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2821 − 10 F2821 − 15
Standard Test Methods for
1
Basket Type Rescue Litters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods will enable the user to determine if a rescue litter meets theirthe requirement for strength depending upon
their particular applications and methods of use.
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 basket type litter, n—a conveyance for the sick or injured usually consisting of a tubular metal frame enclosing a molded
plastic or wire shell. Also known as a basket stretcher.
2.1.2 litter bridle, n—a manufactured or improvised system that attaches the litter to the raising or lowering system.
2.1.3 horizontal lift, n—refers to the patient being in a horizontal position with the head and feet at approximately the same
level. In this configuration the litter bridle attaches to the litter at four points.
2.1.4 anchor plate, n—a device installed inside the litter that is used to attach the litter to the bed of the test apparatus. It must
be of sufficient size and stiffness to distribute the forces on the litter shell or frame, thereby allowing the test of the attachment
points.points
2.1.5 vertical lift, n—refers to the patient being in a head up and feet down position. In this configuration the litter bridle attaches
to the litter at the head end only.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Horizontal test method is designed to test the litter attachment points and the resistance of the litter to folding or curling.
3.2 Vertical test method is designed to test the structural strength of the head end of the litter or the manufacturer’s designated
bridle attachment points or both, and for a two-piece litter, to also test the connection between the two sections of the litter.
3.3 These tests are destructive in nature and will require a new litter for each test.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications
can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
5. Apparatus
5.1 General—Use calibrated electronic load measuring devices. The testing equipment shall have sufficient capacity to prevent
yielding of its components under the anticipated ultimate load, and shall have sufficient stiffness to ensure that the applied tension
loads remain parallel to the axis of the anchors.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.01 on Equipment,
Testing, and Maintenance.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2015. Published June 2010February 2016. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
F2821 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/F2821-10.10.1520/F2821-15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2821 − 15
5.2 Anchor Plate—(if used) Shall be installed in the litter in such a way that the force distributes equally and does not
concentrate on a single element. The purpose is to test the attachment points of the litter bridle, the connection points that hold
the halves of two-piece litter together, and the litter’s ability to resist folding or bending both longitudinally and laterally. The
anchor plate size must be kept to a minimum so that it does not provide any increased resistance to the litter bending during a test.
In cases where the litter does not have a frame, the plate shall span any ribs or other structural elements within the
...

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1.7.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.8 Further training may be required before an area search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was develop...

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Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue (SAR) Strike Team/Task Force Leader

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide and it may include additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop, or as part of, a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 Type I-IV teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous/alpine), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified). See Classification F1993.  
1.4 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3145-15(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for training SWFT-Basic personnel. A person trained to this guide is considered to be a SWFT-Basic.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a SWFT-Basic shall have met the requirements or equivalent of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by the individuals and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training required for SWFT-Basic. No advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide was developed specifically for use in the United States, but may be used in other countries as needed.  
4.5 This guide should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by the AHJ.  
4.6 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.7 The AHJ shall determine that personnel, agencies, and organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood search and rescue operations.  
4.8 The AHJ shall determine the evaluation process used to assess the extent to which the requirements of this guide are met.  
4.9 Swiftwater personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, or delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist) have been performed. At the very least, personnel should follow the appropriate national, federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments. SWFT-Basic personnel should be supervised by a Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Intermediate (SWFT-Intermediate) or Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Advanced (SWFT-Advanced) for in-water rescue operations. Shore-based rescue does not necessarily require SWFT-Intermediate or SWFT-Advanced supervision, but any rescue requires appro...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the areas of expertise that Search and Rescue (SAR) Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic (SWFT-Basic) personnel shall demonstrate in order to perform in, on, or around a swiftwater environment.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the recommended training required to prepare SWFT-Basic personnel, or equivalent, for responding to or conducting shore-based swiftwater and flood rescue operations.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the general areas of expertise that SWFT-Basic personnel shall demonstrate. This guide does not cover specialized types of swiftwater/flood SAR, such as helicopter and boat-based rescues.  
1.1.3 This guide also establishes the minimum training requirements.  
1.2 This is the entry-level position for swiftwater/flood responders.  
1.3 SWFT-Basic personnel shall be able to recognize, reduce, eliminate, or mitigate, within the scope of their training, the hazards and risks in a swiftwater or flood situation or environment and be able to request appropriate additional resources.  
1.4 This guide identifies types of rescues, tactics, and systems that are typically used by SWFT-Basic personnel, such as shore-based rescues using talking, reaching, throwing, and wading methods.  
1.5 SWFT-Basic personnel who have met the minimum qualifications and experience within this guide are capable of performing shore-based rescues and assisting with in-water rescues from the shore under qualified supervision.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F3048-13(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Swiftwater/Flood Search and Rescue Operations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood SAR operations shall be conducted.  
4.2 Every person, agency, and organization that responds to, or participates in, swiftwater/flood SAR operations should operate within the framework established by this guide.  
4.3 This guide and the framework it establishes should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by an AHJ.  
4.4 The AHJ shall determine which personnel, agencies, and/or organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.5 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJ that wish to perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations as part of the NIMS/ICS.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to safely and effectively perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations.  
4.7 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess the extent to which the requirements of this standard are met.  
4.8 Because operations in the swiftwater/flood environment are inherently dangerous, and individuals involved are frequently required to perform rigorous activities in adverse conditions, regional and national safety standards should be included in agency policies and procedures.  
4.9 Swiftwater/flood personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (for example, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist, etc.) have been performed, or at the very least, should follow the appropriate federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood Search and Rescue (SAR) operations shall be conducted as part of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)/Incident Command System (ICS).  
1.2 The requirements of this guide shall apply to individuals, agencies, and organizations that respond to swiftwater/flood SAR operations, including those not regulated by government mandates.  
1.3 This document does not define the specific training required for personnel involved in swiftwater/flood SAR operations. Refer to local, state, federal, public, and private swiftwater rescue certification and operations courses that satisfy the existing authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) requirements.  
1.4 This guide includes references more common to the United States of America, but may be adapted for use elsewhere.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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