F32.01 - Equipment, Testing, and Maintenance

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Because of the many unique requirements of permit-required confined-space rescue operations and the specific construction and composition of some confined spaces, hardline communications systems may be the only type that will meet the requirements for working within these spaces. Some of these requirements are set forth in federal regulations and some by safe operating procedures developed for working in confined spaces by industry.  
4.2 This guide is not meant to preclude the use of other types of communication systems in confined-space rescue.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended criteria for the selection of hardwire communication systems for use in permit-required confined-space rescue operations.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It specifies the design loads that must be considered and does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. Each anchorage shall be designed to hold a minimum of 40 kN in all directions of potential loading and shall be manufactured in such a way that a carabiner with a gate opening of 25 mm or greater shall fit around it and the gate shall be able to close and lock. The anchorage shall be constructed using rounded stock or with beveled or chamfered edges to minimize damage to hardware, rope, or webbing that is attached to the anchorage.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure, nor does it include any factors of safety. It only specifies the design loads that must be considered.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components. The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment. The masses shall be classified as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; Type IV; and Type V.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components.  
1.2 The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment.  
1.2.1 The masses chosen have been used in the past or are in current use in testing of rescue systems and components. Limiting testing to the masses listed in this specification allows meaningful comparisons between past, current, and future test results.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The user of this specification shall determine which mass(es) represent(s) the personnel and equipment attached to the system or component under test.  
1.5 For the purposes of this specification, mass and weight are synonymous when the object(s) representing the mass(es) are weighed in air anywhere on Earth.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the tests and corresponding performance and design requirements for climbing harnesses used in the sports of rock, ice, and snow climbing. Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses. Representative samples of harnesses shall be tested for minimum strength to evaluate their suitability for use in climbing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers harnesses for human use in technical rope rescue and climbing, mountaineering, caving, canyoneering, and other rope-based sport activities. It establishes requirements for the testing, performance, and marking of harnesses and for the instructions that are supplied with them.  
1.2 This specification may contain test methods that do not entirely simulate real-life situations. The test methods are designed to give reproducible results in a laboratory and, thereby, a means for product comparison.  
1.3 Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Static Load Test—This test verifies that the portable high anchor device can support the design load without permanent deformation and continue to function in a safe manner.  
4.2 Load Test for Failure—This test determines the force at which the portable high anchor device fails.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to portable high anchor devices that may be used by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations.  
1.2 This test method covers two mechanical tests, the Static Load Test and the Load Test for Failure.  
1.3 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Portable high anchor devices subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of portable high anchor devices. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a portable high anchor device may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.  
1.6 See Section 6 on Hazards for safety warning.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers six mechanical tests, one corrosion resistance test, and the minimum performance requirements for these tests. This specification applies to carabiners designed specifically for use by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations. Two different types of carabiners are defined, a heavy-duty rescue carabiner and a light-duty rescue carabiner. The mechanical tests are: gate function test, gate locking mechanism function load test, major axis gate closed function load test, major axis gate closed ultimate strength test, major axis gate open ultimate strength test, and minor axis gate closed ultimate strength test. Carabiners may disengage or eject parts from the test fixture. Use a safety screen and wear safety glasses while testing.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gate Function Load Test—This test verifies that the gate can be opened (with the gate locking mechanism in the unlocked position) and that the gate can not be opened (with the gate locking mechanism in the locked position) while loaded with Function Test Force #1 along the major axis.  
5.2 Gate Locking Mechanism Function Load Test—This test verifies that the gate locking mechanism can be unlocked, after Function Test Force #2 has been applied along the major axis and released.  
5.3 Major Axis Gate Closed Function Load Test—This test verifies that the gate functions as originally intended, after Function Test Force #3 has been applied and released.  
5.4 Major Axis Gate Closed Ultimate Strength Test—This test is intended to show the ultimate strength of the carabiner in the major axis with the gate closed.  
5.5 Major Axis Gate Open Ultimate Strength Test—This test is intended to show the ultimate strength of the carabiner in the major axis with the gate open.  
5.6 Minor Axis Gate Closed Ultimate Strength Test—This test is intended to show the ultimate strength of the carabiner in the minor axis with the gate closed.  
5.7 Corrosion Test—This test is intended to verify that the carabiner is produced from a corrosion-resistant material, or adequately covered with a protective coating.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests, one corrosion resistance test, and the minimum performance requirements for these tests. This specification applies to carabiners designed specifically for use by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations. This specification does not apply to recreational use carabiners.  
1.2 Two different types of carabiners are defined in this specification, a heavy-duty rescue carabiner and a standard-duty rescue carabiner.  
1.3 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluation the results of such testing.  
1.4 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of rescue carabiners. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a rescue carabiner may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.  
1.5 Quality control is solely the responsibility of the manufacturer or purchaser, or both, and is not addressed by this specification.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.7 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles f...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods enable the user to determine if a rescue litter meets the requirement for strength depending upon particular applications and methods of use.  
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide may be used to provide a consistent method for determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.  
3.2 Use of this guide will help to maintain clearer, more consistent calculation and reporting of load ratios.  
3.3 It should be acknowledged that, while component load ratios are fairly straightforward to calculate, they are of limited value for estimating system load ratios. System load ratios are usually desired for field applications, but are more difficult to calculate accurately.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general concept of determining safety factors for technical rescue equipment and systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 In the event of any conflict between the text of this guide and any references cited, the text of this guide takes preference.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers six mechanical tests and the corresponding minimum performance and design requirements for steel or aluminum alloy carabiners fabricated specifically for the sports of climbing and mountaineering. Two different types of carabiners are defined, namely, non-locking carabiners and locking carabiners. The mechanical tests to which the representative carabiners shall be evaluated on are gate function during body weight test, major axis gate closed 70 % force test, locking mechanism test, major axis gate closed ultimate strength test, major axis gate open ultimate strength test, and minor axis gate closed ultimate strength test. These tests are destructive in nature. Hence, carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing, except in evaluating the results of such testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests and the minimum performance requirements for carabiners designed specifically for the sports of climbing and mountaineering.  
1.2 Two different types of carabiners are defined in this standard, non-locking carabiners and locking carabiners.  
1.3 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.  
1.4 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of climbing and mountaineering carabiners. In addition, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a climbing and mountaineering carabiner may be subjected to, or expected to sustain in actual field use.  
1.5 This specification is limited to carabiners made of steel or aluminum alloys only.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The types of rope rescue systems to which this test method apply use a tensioned mainline and untensioned belay line. If a fall occurs because of a mainline system failure or misuse, considerable energy must be absorbed by the belay for a successful arrest. This drop test method simulates a “worst case” condition when systems are operated as designed, and is designed to help evaluate and compare the performance of various rope rescue belay systems under such conditions. (See Note 1.) The successful catching of a load does not imply that the tested system is suitable for any and all belaying. See X1.2.
Note 1: Higher forces may be encountered under some circumstances, such as the belay being operated with excessive slack.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop test procedures to measure rope rescue belay system performance. It applies only to belay systems consisting of an untensioned rope connecting the load to an anchored belay device. This test method does not address other types of belays, such as self-belays or belays for lead climbing, nor does it test the rescuer's belaying ability.  
1.2 This test method may be used to help measure a rescue belay system's performance under controlled drop test conditions, but it will not necessarily provide guidance as to which belay method is most suited to a particular application. Other considerations, such as ease of handling, performance on different types and diameters of rope, portability, versatility, system safety factor, cost, and automatic operation that do not require the positive action of the belayer may influence the selection of a belay system and are not dealt with in this test method. See X1.1.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional precautions for this test method are given in 8.1 and 8.2.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is applicable to all water rescue situations. The water situation, weather situation, and size of rescuer, will dictate what type of PFD to utilize.  
4.2 This guide will assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for purchasing and equipping personnel who respond to water emergencies.  
4.3 This guide establishes criteria that shall be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of a water rescue PFD.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum performance and safety requirements of a water rescue lifejacket/PFD (Personal Flotation Device).  
1.2 In recognition of many broad and varied applications of such PFD's, many options are included.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard may be used to classify sUAS resources utilized for land search and rescue.  
4.2 Classification of sUAS land search and rescue resources is based upon the complete sUAS including payload, communications systems.  
4.2.1 This classification identifies the mechanical features of the sUAS platform and does not account for the pilot's/operator's skill in performing specific tasks.  
4.3 UAS land search and rescue resources are classified by Category, Kind, and Type.  
4.4 A sUAS land search and rescue resource may be more than one Category.  
4.5 A sUAS land search and rescue resource may be more than one Kind.  
4.6 A particular Kind of sUAS land search and rescue resource can only be one Type for a given Category or Kind.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification defines small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) land search and rescue resources in terms of their capabilities.  
1.1.1 This classification is not intended to classify small UAS utilized in urban search and rescue.  
1.1.2 This classification is not intended to classify small UAS utilized in disaster response.  
1.2 The classifications in this standard are intended to aid emergency managers ordering resources for search and rescue incidents. These classifications provide a means by which resource managers and sUAS pilots/operators can convey to emergency management the tasks for which their systems are capable of performing.  
1.2.1 This classification is designed for incidents at the local and state level and is not intended to encompass federal or military resources.  
1.3 This classification does not define standards of performance or training for sUAS systems and operators engaged in search and rescue.  
1.3.1 Guides that address the general airworthiness of sUAS systems are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.01 on Airworthiness.  
1.3.2 Guides that address the general flight operations of sUAS systems are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.02 on Flight Operations.  
1.3.3 Guides that address the general training, qualifications, and certifications of sUAS personnel are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.03 on Personnel Training, Qualification and Certification.  
1.3.4 Guides that specifically address sUAS standards for personnel training and operations in the specific attributes for land search and rescue will fall under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and will remain compliant with those standards prepared by ASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned Aircraft Systems.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The terminology in this document is applicable to the standards and guides published by ASTM Committee F32.  
3.2 The definitions provided in this terminology standard shall be used when interpreting the meaning, purpose or applicability of a guide, standard, or a specific subsection therein.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology document is a compilation of definitions of terms, abbreviations, and acronyms used in F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides, collected in order to provide consistency in communications when used in writing and interpreting the Committee’s documents.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components. The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment. The masses shall be classified as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; Type IV; and Type V.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components.  
1.2 The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment.  
1.2.1 The masses chosen have been used in the past or are in current use in testing of rescue systems and components. Limiting testing to the masses listed in this specification allows meaningful comparisons between past, current, and future test results.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The user of this specification shall determine which mass(es) represent(s) the personnel and equipment attached to the system or component under test.  
1.5 For the purposes of this specification, mass and weight are synonymous when the object(s) representing the mass(es) are weighed in air anywhere on Earth.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Because of the many unique requirements of permit-required confined space rescue operations and the specific construction and composition of some confined spaces, hardline communications systems may be the only type that will meet the requirements for working within these spaces. Some of these requirements are set forth in Federal Regulation and some by safe operating procedures developed for working in confined spaces by industry.  
4.2 This guide is not meant to preclude the use of other types of communication systems in confined-space rescue.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended criteria for the selection of hardwire communication systems for use in permit-required confined-space rescue operations.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Static Load Test—This test verifies that the portable high anchor device can support the design load without permanent deformation and continue to function in a safe manner.  
4.2 Load Test for Failure—This test determines the force at which the portable high anchor device fails.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to portable high anchor devices that may be used by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations.  
1.2 This test method covers two mechanical tests, the Static Load Test and the Load Test for Failure.  
1.3 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Portable high anchor devices subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of portable high anchor devices. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a portable high anchor device may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.  
1.6 See Section 6 on Hazards for safety warning.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the tests and corresponding performance and design requirements for climbing harnesses used in the sports of rock, ice, and snow climbing. Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses. Representative samples of harnesses shall be tested for minimum strength to evaluate their suitability for use in climbing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers harnesses for human use in technical rope rescue and climbing, mountaineering, caving, canyoneering, and other rope-based sport activities. It establishes requirements for the testing, performance, and marking of harnesses and for the instructions that are supplied with them.  
1.2 This specification may contain test methods that do not entirely simulate real-life situations. The test methods are designed to give reproducible results in a laboratory and, thereby, a means for product comparison.  
1.3 Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It specifies the design loads that must be considered and does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. Each anchorage shall be designed to hold a minimum of 40 kN in all directions of potential loading and shall be manufactured in such a way that a carabiner with a gate opening of 25 mm or greater shall fit around it and the gate shall be able to close and lock. The anchorage shall be constructed using rounded stock or with beveled or chamfered edges to minimize damage to hardware, rope, or webbing that is attached to the anchorage.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. It only specifies the design loads that must be considered.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods enable the user to determine if a rescue litter meets the requirement for strength depending upon particular applications and methods of use.  
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide may be used to provide a consistent method for determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.  
3.2 Use of this guide will help to maintain clearer, more consistent calculation and reporting of load ratios.  
3.3 It should be acknowledged that, while component load ratios are fairly straightforward to calculate, they are of limited value for estimating system load ratios. System load ratios are usually desired for field applications, but are more difficult to calculate accurately.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general concept of determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 In the event of any conflict between the text of this guide and any references cited, the text of this guide takes preference.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The types of rope rescue systems to which this test method apply use a tensioned mainline and untensioned belay line. If a fall occurs because of a mainline system failure or misuse, considerable energy must be absorbed by the belay for a successful arrest. This drop test method simulates a “worst case” condition when systems are operated as designed, and is designed to help evaluate and compare the performance of various rope rescue belay systems under such conditions. (See Note 1.) The successful catching of a load does not imply that the tested system is suitable for any and all belaying. See X1.2.
Note 1: Higher forces may be encountered under some circumstances, such as the belay being operated with excessive slack.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop test procedures to measure rope rescue belay system performance. It applies only to belay systems consisting of an untensioned rope connecting the load to an anchored belay device. This test method does not address other types of belays, such as self-belays or belays for lead climbing, nor does it test the rescuer's belaying ability.  
1.2 This test method may be used to help measure a rescue belay system's performance under controlled drop test conditions, but it will not necessarily provide guidance as to which belay method is most suited to a particular application. Other considerations, such as ease of handling, performance on different types and diameters of rope, portability, versatility, system safety factor, cost, and automatic operation that do not require the positive action of the belayer may influence the selection of a belay system and are not dealt with in this test method. See X1.1.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional precautions for this test method are given in 8.1 and 8.2.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers six mechanical tests, one corrosion resistance test, and the minimum performance requirements for these tests. This specification applies to carabiners designed specifically for use by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations. Two different types of carabiners are defined, a heavy-duty rescue carabiner and a light-duty rescue carabiner. The mechanical tests are: gate function test, gate locking mechanism function load test, major axis gate closed function load test, major axis gate closed ultimate strength test, major axis gate open ultimate strength test, and minor axis gate closed ultimate strength test. Carabiners may disengage or eject parts from the test fixture. Use a safety screen and wear safety glasses while testing.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Gate Function Load Test—This test verifies that the gate can be opened (with the gate locking mechanism in the unlocked position) and that the gate can not be opened (with the gate locking mechanism in the locked position) while loaded with Function Test Force #1 along the major axis.  
5.2 Gate Locking Mechanism Function Load Test—This test verifies that the gate locking mechanism can be unlocked, after Function Test Force #2 has been applied along the major axis and released.  
5.3 Major Axis Gate Closed Function Load Test—This test verifies that the gate functions as originally intended, after Function Test Force #3 has been applied and released.  
5.4 Major Axis Gate Closed Ultimate Strength Test—This test is intended to show the ultimate strength of the carabiner in the major axis with the gate closed.  
5.5 Major Axis Gate Open Ultimate Strength Test—This test is intended to show the ultimate strength of the carabiner in the major axis with the gate open.  
5.6 Minor Axis Gate Closed Ultimate Strength Test—This test is intended to show the ultimate strength of the carabiner in the minor axis with the gate closed.  
5.7 Corrosion Test—This test is intended to verify that the carabiner is produced from a corrosion-resistant material, or adequately covered with a protective coating.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests, one corrosion resistance test, and the minimum performance requirements for these tests. This specification applies to carabiners designed specifically for use by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations. This specification does not apply to recreational use carabiners.  
1.2 Two different types of carabiners are defined in this specification, a heavy-duty rescue carabiner and a light-duty rescue carabiner.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluation the results of such testing.  
1.5 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of rescue carabiners. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a rescue carabiner may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.  
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers six mechanical tests and the corresponding minimum performance and design requirements for steel or aluminum alloy carabiners fabricated specifically for the sports of climbing and mountaineering. Two different types of carabiners are defined, namely, non-locking carabiners and locking carabiners. The mechanical tests to which the representative carabiners shall be evaluated on are gate function during body weight test, major axis gate closed 70 % force test, locking mechanism test, major axis gate closed ultimate strength test, major axis gate open ultimate strength test, and minor axis gate closed ultimate strength test. These tests are destructive in nature. Hence, carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing, except in evaluating the results of such testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests and the minimum performance requirements for carabiners designed specifically for the sports of climbing and mountaineering.  
1.2 Two different types of carabiners are defined in this standard, non-locking carabiners and locking carabiners.  
1.3 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.  
1.4 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of climbing and mountaineering carabiners. In addition, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a climbing and mountaineering carabiner may be subjected to, or expected to sustain in actual field use.  
1.5 This specification is limited to carabiners made of steel or aluminum alloys only.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is applicable to all water rescue situations. The water situation, weather situation, and size of rescuer, will dictate what type of PFD to utilize.
This guide will assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for purchasing and equipping personnel who respond to water emergencies.
This guide establishes criteria that shall be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of a water rescue PFD.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum performance and safety requirements of a water rescue lifejacket/PFD (Personal Flotation Device).
1.2 In recognition of many broad and varied applications of such PFD's, many options are included.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Because of the many unique requirements of permit-required confined space rescue operations and the specific construction and composition of some confined spaces, hardline communications systems may be the only type that will meet the requirements for working within these spaces. Some of these requirements are set forth in Federal Regulation and some by safe operating procedures developed for working in confined spaces by industry.
This guide is not meant to preclude the use of other types of communication systems in confined-space rescue.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended criteria for the selection of hardwire communication systems for use in permit-required confined-space rescue operations.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Static Load Test—This test verifies that the portable high anchor device can support the design load without permanent deformation and continue to function in a safe manner.
Load Test for Failure—This test determines the force at which the portable high anchor device fails.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to portable high anchor devices that may be used by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations.
1.2 This test method covers two mechanical tests, the Static Load Test and the Load Test for Failure.
1.3 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Portable high anchor devices subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of portable high anchor devices. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a portable high anchor device may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.
1.6 See Section 6 on Hazards for safety warning.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the tests and corresponding performance and design requirements for climbing harnesses used in the sports of rock, ice, and snow climbing. Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses. Representative samples of harnesses shall be tested for minimum strength to evaluate their suitability for use in climbing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers harnesses for human use in technical rope rescue and climbing, mountaineering, caving, canyoneering, and other rope-based sport activities. It establishes requirements for the testing, performance, and marking of harnesses and for the instructions that are supplied with them.  
1.2 This specification may contain test methods that do not entirely simulate real-life situations. The test methods are designed to give reproducible results in a laboratory and, thereby, a means for product comparison.  
1.3 Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The types of rope rescue systems to which this test method apply use a tensioned mainline and untensioned belay line. If a fall occurs because of a mainline system failure or misuse, considerable energy must be absorbed by the belay for a successful arrest. This drop test method simulates a “worst case” condition when systems are operated as designed, and is designed to help evaluate and compare the performance of various rope rescue belay systems under such conditions. (See Note 1.) The successful catching of a load does not imply that the tested system is suitable for any and all belaying. See X1.2.
Note 1—Higher forces may be encountered under some circumstances, such as the belay being operated with excessive slack.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop test procedures to measure rope rescue belay system performance. It applies only to belay systems consisting of an untensioned rope connecting the load to an anchored belay device. This test method does not address other types of belays, such as self-belays or belays for lead climbing, nor does it test the rescuer's belaying ability.
1.2 This test method may be used to help measure a rescue belay system's performance under controlled drop test conditions, but it will not necessarily provide guidance as to which belay method is most suited to a particular application. Other considerations, such as ease of handling, performance on different types and diameters of rope, portability, versatility, system safety factor, cost, and automatic operation that do not require the positive action of the belayer may influence the selection of a belay system and are not dealt with in this test method. See X1.1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional precautions for this test method are given in 8.1 and 8.2.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide may be used to provide a consistent method for determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.
Use of this guide will help to maintain clearer, more consistent calculation and reporting of load ratios.
It should be acknowledged that, while component load ratios are fairly straightforward to calculate, they are of limited value for estimating system load ratios. System load ratios are usually desired for field applications, but are more difficult to calculate accurately.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general concept of determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 In the event of any conflict between the text of this guide and any references cited, the text of this guide takes preference.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for basket type rescue litters.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods will enable the user to determine if a rescue litter meets their requirement for strength depending upon their particular applications and methods of use.
1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It specifies the design loads that must be considered and does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. Each anchorage shall be designed to hold a minimum of 40 kN in all directions of potential loading and shall be manufactured in such a way that a carabiner with a gate opening of 25 mm or greater shall fit around it and the gate shall be able to close and lock. The anchorage shall be constructed using rounded stock or with beveled or chamfered edges to minimize damage to hardware, rope, or webbing that is attached to the anchorage.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. It only specifies the design loads that must be considered.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology document is a compilation of definitions of terms, abbreviations, and acronyms that are unique to climbing, mountaineering, search and rescue collected in order to provide consistency in communication when used in actual operations, training, literature, and the statistical basis for rating a product's performance dealing with this field.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components. The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment. The masses shall be classified as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; Type IV; and Type V.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components.
1.2 The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment.
1.2.1 The masses chosen have been used in the past or are in current use in testing of rescue systems and components. Limiting testing to the masses listed in this specification allows meaningful comparisons between past, current, and future test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 The user of this specification shall determine which mass(es) represent(s) the personnel and equipment attached to the system or component under test.
1.5 For the purposes of this specification, mass and weight are synonymous when the object(s) representing the mass(es) are weighed in air anywhere on Earth.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to portable high anchor devices that may be used by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations.
1.2 This test method covers two mechanical tests, the Static Load Test and the Load Test for Failure.
1.3 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Portable high anchor devices subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of portable high anchor devices. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a portable high anchor device may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.
1.6 See Section 6  on Hazards for safety warning.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Because of the many unique requirements of permit-required confined space rescue operations and the specific construction and composition of some confined spaces, hardline communications systems may be the only type that will meet the requirements for working within these spaces. Some of these requirements are set forth in Federal Regulation and some by safe operating procedures developed for working in confined spaces by industry.
This guide is not meant to preclude the use of other types of communication systems in confined-space rescue.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers recommended criteria for the selection of hardwire communication systems for use in permit-required confined-space rescue operations.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is applicable to all water rescue situations. The water situation, weather situation, and size of rescuer, will dictate what type of PFD to utilize.
This guide will assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for purchasing and equipping personnel who respond to water emergencies.
This guide establishes criteria that shall be considered in the performance, specification, purchase, and acceptance testing of a water rescue PFD.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum performance and safety requirements of a water rescue lifejacket/PFD (Personal Flotation Device).
1.2 In recognition of many broad and varied applications of such PFD's, many options are included.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general characteristics of low stretch or static kern mantle ropes used for rescue applications, whatever their constituent material. The rope shall be fabricated from continuous filament heat and light-resistant material of industrial, high tenacity grade. Material used in the construction of life rescue rope shall be sufficient to produce a rope which meets the physical properties and performance requirements specified. Properties such as diameter, minimum breaking strength, elongation, and knotability of a life safety rope shall be determined. All rescue ropes shall have an internal marker running the entire length of the rope which includes at least the name of the manufacturer, the year of manufacture of the rope, the country of origin, and the standards with which the rope complies. All information shall be repeated at least every three feet. All rescue ropes shall include a warning label containing at least the following: a warning that serious death or injury may result from the improper use of the rope, a warning that special training and knowledge are required to use the rope, and a warning that the use and inspection of the rope shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general characteristics of low stretch or static kernmantle ropes used for rescue applications, whatever their constituent material. This specification does not apply to dynamic rope intended for lead climbing.
1.2 This specification covers small diameter sizes commonly used in life safety applications. These include sizes 7 to 16 mm (9/32 to 5/8 in.).
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered as standard. Values in inch-pound units are included for reference.
1.4 In the event of any conflict between the text of this specification and any references cited, the text of this specification takes preference.
This specification may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the tests and corresponding performance and design requirements for climbing harnesses used in the sports of rock, ice, and snow climbing. Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses. Representative samples of harnesses shall be tested for minimum strength to evaluate their suitability for use in climbing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers climbing harnesses for use in the sports of rock, ice, and snow climbing. It establishes requirements for the testing, performance, and marking of climbing harnesses and for the instructions that are supplied with them.  
1.2 This specification may contain test methods that do not entirely simulate real-life climbing situations. The test methods are designed to give reproducible results in a laboratory and, thereby, a means for product comparison.  
1.3 Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers six mechanical tests and the corresponding minimum performance and design requirements for steel or aluminum alloy carabiners fabricated specifically for the sports of climbing and mountaineering. Two different types of carabiners are defined, namely, non-locking carabiners and locking carabiners. The mechanical tests to which the representative carabiners shall be evaluated on are gate function during body weight test, major axis gate closed 70 % force test, locking mechanism test, major axis gate closed ultimate strength test, major axis gate open ultimate strength test, and minor axis gate closed ultimate strength test. These tests are destructive in nature. Hence, carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing, except in evaluating the results of such testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests and the minimum performance requirements for carabiners designed specifically for the sports of climbing and mountaineering.  
1.2 Two different types of carabiners are defined in this standard, non-locking carabiners and locking carabiners.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.  
1.5 this specification does not imply approval of any method of use of climbing and mountaineering carabiners. In addition, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a climbing and mountaineering carabiner may be subjected to, or expected to sustain in actual field use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The types of rope rescue systems to which this test method apply use a tensioned mainline and untensioned belay line. If a fall occurs because of a mainline system failure or misuse, considerable energy must be absorbed by the belay for a successful arrest. This drop test method simulates a “worst case” condition when systems are operated as designed, and is designed to help evaluate and compare the performance of various rope rescue belay systems under such conditions. (See Note 1.) The successful catching of a load does not imply that the tested system is suitable for any and all belaying. See X1.2.
Note 1—Higher forces may be encountered under some circumstances, such as the belay being operated with excessive slack.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop test procedures to measure rope rescue belay system performance. It applies only to belay systems consisting of an untensioned rope connecting the load to an anchored belay device. This test method does not address other types of belays, such as self-belays or belays for lead climbing, nor does it test the rescuer's belaying ability.
1.2 This test method may be used to help measure a rescue belay system's performance under controlled drop test conditions, but it will not necessarily provide guidance as to which belay method is most suited to a particular application. Other considerations, such as ease of handling, performance on different types and diameters of rope, portability, versatility, system safety factor, cost, and automatic operation that do not require the positive action of the belayer may influence the selection of a belay system and are not dealt with in this test method. See X1.1.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional precautions for this test method are given in 8.1 and 8.2.

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the general concept of determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be considered as standard. Values in English units may be included for reference.
1.3 In the event of any conflict between the text of this guide and any references cited, the text of this guide takes preference.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this terminology is to establish uniformity in terminology used in the field of underwater search, rescue, and recovery.
1.2 The terminology is appropriate to those underwater search, rescue, or recovery activities that use self-contained or surface-supplied underwater breathing apparatuses to provide a breathing gas supply for the searcher(s).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers six mechanical tests, one corrosion resistance test, and the minimum performance requirements for these tests. This specification applies to carabiners designed specifically for use by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations. Two different types of carabiners are defined, a heavy-duty rescue carabiner and a light-duty rescue carabiner. The mechanical tests are: gate function test, gate locking mechanism function load test, major axis gate closed function load test, major axis gate closed ultimate strength test, major axis gate open ultimate strength test, and minor axis gate closed ultimate strength test. Carabiners may disengage or eject parts from the test fixture. Use a safety screen and wear safety glasses while testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests, one corrosion resistance test, and the minimum performance requirements for these tests. This specification applies to carabiners designed specifically for use by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations. This specification does not apply to recreational use carabiners.
1.2 Two different types of carabiners are defined in this specification, a heavy-duty rescue carabiner and a light-duty rescue carabiner.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluation the results of such testing.
1.5 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of rescue carabiners. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a rescue carabiner may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines the terms that are unique to climbing and mountaineering and the statistical basis for rating a product's performance.

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components. The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment. The masses shall be classified as follows: Type I; Type II; Type III; Type IV; and Type V.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the masses to be used when testing rescue systems and components.
1.2 The masses represent personnel and equipment that may be attached to a rescue system or components. However, the masses do not represent any particular type or kind of rescuer or equipment.
1.2.1 The masses chosen have been used in the past or are in current use in testing of rescue systems and components. Limiting testing to the masses listed in this specification allows meaningful comparisons between past, current, and future test results.
1.3 The user of this specification shall determine which mass(es) represent(s) the personnel and equipment attached to the system or component under test.
1.4 For the purposes of this specification, mass and weight are synonymous when the object(s) representing the mass(es) are weighed in air anywhere on Earth.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general characteristics of low stretch or static kernmantle ropes used for rescue applications, whatever their constituent material. This specification does not apply to dynamic rope intended for lead climbing.
1.2 This specification covers small diameter sizes commonly used in life safety applications. These include sizes 7 to 16 mm (9/32 to 5/8 in.).
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered as standard. Values in inch-pound units are included for reference.
1.4 In the event of any conflict between the text of this specification and any references cited, the text of this specification takes preference.
1.5 This specification may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this terminology is to establish uniformity in terminology used in the field of underwater search, rescue, and recovery.
1.2 The terminology is appropriate to those underwater search, rescue, or recovery activities that use self-contained or surface-supplied underwater breathing apparatuses to provide a breathing gas supply for the searcher(s).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests, one corrosion resistance test, and the minimum performance requirements for these tests. This specification applies to carbiners designed specifically for use by rescue personnel during both training exercises and actual rescue operations. This specification does not apply to recreational use carabiners.
1.2 Two different types of carbiners are defined in this specification, a heavy-duty rescue carabiner and a light-duty rescue carabiner.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluation results of such testing.
1.5 This specification does not imply approval of any method of use of rescue carabiners. In addition, the tests described are laboratory tests and do not duplicate field conditions. Furthermore, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a rescue carabiner may be subjected to, or may be expected to sustain, in actual field use.
1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers climbing harnesses for use in the sports of rock, ice, and snow climbing. It establishes requirements for the testing, performance, and marking of climbing harnesses and for the instructions that are supplied with them.  
1.2 This specification may contain test methods that do not entirely simulate real-life climbing situations. The test methods are designed to give reproducible results in a laboratory and, thereby, a means for product comparison.  
1.3 Three types of harnesses are covered by this specification: full body harnesses, sit harnesses, and chest harnesses.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers six mechanical tests and the minimum performance requirements for carabiners designed specifically for the sports of climbing and mountaineering.  
1.2 Two different types of carabiners are defined in this standard, non-locking carabiners and locking carabiners.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 Tests contained herein are destructive in nature. Carabiners subjected to any of these tests shall not be used in any way after testing except in evaluating the results of such testing.  
1.5 this specification does not imply approval of any method of use of climbing and mountaineering carabiners. In addition, the test load values contained herein are not to be interpreted as the forces which a climbing and mountaineering carabiner may be subjected to, or expected to sustain in actual field use.