ASTM D4402-02

Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer

SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring the apparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260C (100 to 500F) using a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlled thermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in centimetre gram second (cgs) units and inch-pound units are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 10.6 for specific precautionary information.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2002
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
• Drafting Committee: D08.03 - Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-up Roofing

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4402-87(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determinations of Unfilled Asphalts Using the Brookfield Thermosel Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D4402-06 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Referred By: ASTM D2493/D2493M-16 - Standard Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalt Binders
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6925-15 - Standard Test Method for Preparation and Determination of the Relative Density of Asphalt Mix Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4402–02
Standard Test Method for
Viscosity Determination of Asphalt at Elevated
1
Temperatures Using a Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope liquid is non-Newtonian. Many liquids exhibit both Newtonian
and non-Newtonian behavior, depending on the shear rate or
1.1 This test method outlines a procedure for measuring the
temperature, or both.
apparent viscosity of asphalt from 38 to 260°C (100 to 500°F)
3.1.4 shear rate, n—the measure of the speed at which the
using a rotational viscometer and a temperature-controlled
intermediate layers of the liquid move with respect to each
thermal chamber for maintaining the test temperature.
-1
other. Its unit of measure is the reciprocal second (sec ).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.5 shear stress, n—the force per unit area required to
standard. The values given in centimetre gram second (cgs)
produce the shearing action. Its SI unit of measurement is the
units and inch-pound units are for information only.
2
pascal, and its cgs unit of measurement is dynes/cm .
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.6 viscosity, n—the ratio between the applied shear stress
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and the rate of shear is called the coefficient of viscosity. This
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow of the liquid.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
The SI unit of viscosity is the pascal second (Pa·s). The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 10.6 for
centimetre gram second (cgs) unit of viscosity is the poise
specific precautionary information.
2
(dyne·s/cm ) and is equivalent to 0.1 Pa·s. Frequently, centi-
2. Referenced Documents poise (cP)—equal to one millipascal second (mPa·s)—is used
as the viscosity unit.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com-
2
3.2.1 apparatus-measuring geometry, n—the part of the
parison Techniques
equipment that is immersed in the asphalt sample, the dimen-
3. Terminology
sions of which are used, in conjunction with the rotational
resisting torque, to calculate the apparent viscosity. This
3.1 Definitions:
geometry may be referred to by the equipment manufacturer as
3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—the ratio of shear stress to shear
a spindle, bob, inner concentric cylinder, vane, and so forth.
rate for a Newtonian or non-Newtonian liquid.
3.1.2 filled asphalt, n—an asphalt blend that contains finely
4. Summary of Test Method
dispersed insoluble mineral matter.
4.1 Arotational viscometer, as described in this test method,
3.1.3 Newtonian liquid, n—a liquid for which the rate of
is used to measure the apparent viscosity of asphalt at elevated
shear is proportional to the shearing stress. The constant ratio
temperatures. The torque on the apparatus-measuring geom-
of the shearing stress to the rate of shear is the viscosity of the
etry, rotating in a thermostatically controlled sample holder
liquid. The viscosity of a Newtonian liquid is therefore not
containing a sample of asphalt, is used to measure the relative
dependent on its shear rate. If the ratio is not constant, the
resistance to rotation. The torque and speed are used to
determine the viscosity of the asphalt in pascal seconds,
1 millipascal seconds, or centipoise.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
Roofing,Waterproofing, and Bituminous Materials and is the direct responsibility of
5. Significance and Use
Subcommittee D08.03 on Surfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane
Waterproofing and Builtup Roofing.
5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally
e1
viscosity of asphalts at handling, mixing, or application tem-
published as D 4402 – 84. Last previous edition D 4402 – 87 (2000) .
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. peratures.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4402–02
5.2 Some asphalts may exhibit non-Newtonian behavior a temperature within 50°C (90°F) of the temperature(s) to be
under the conditions of this test method, or at temperatures used during the test.
...