ASTM D4340-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
Standard Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer corrosion of aluminum cylinder heads during engine operation. Any corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radiator surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator. Overheating and boil-over of the cooling system may then occur.
4.2 This test method provides a means for selectively screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish those coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a coolant in this test method does not ensure adequate long-term service performance. Additional, more comprehensive evaluations with simulated service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the coolant.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in combating corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder head engines.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4340 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants
1
Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope heads while exposed to an engine coolant under a pressure of
193 kPa (28 psi). The temperature of the aluminum specimen
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening proce-
is maintained at 135°C (275°F) and the test is continued for 1
dure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in
week (168 h). The effectiveness of the coolant for preventing
combating corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-
corrosion of the aluminum under heat-transfer conditions
transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder
(hereafterreferredtoasheat-transfercorrosion)isevaluatedon
head engines.
the basis of the weight change of the test specimen.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are 4. Significance and Use
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
4.1 It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
corrosionofaluminumcylinderheadsduringengineoperation.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Any corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radia-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tor surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Overheating and boil-over of the cooling system may then
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
occur.
Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 11 and
4.2 This test method provides a means for selectively
12.
screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
those coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
coolant in this test method does not ensure adequate long-term
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
service performance.Additional, more comprehensive evalua-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tions with simulated service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the
coolant.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5. Apparatus
D1176Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solu-
5.1 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Cell—The assembled corro-
tionsofEngineCoolantsorAntirustsforTestingPurposes
sioncellisshownschematicallyinFig.1.Itisassembledfrom
components, some of which require glass blowing or machin-
3. Summary of Test Method
ing. The glass O-ring cell shall be constructed from two glass
3
3.1 In this test method, a heat flux is established through a
O-ring joints joined to an additional middle section of glass
4
cast aluminum alloy typical of that used for engine cylinder
tubing of the same diameter to make a total length of 53 cm
5
(21in.).Heat-resistantO-rings shallbeused.Internalpressure
shall be monitored using a suitable pressure gauge, and a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
pressure-relief valve shall be installed to protect against
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D15.06 on Glassware Performance Tests.
bursting.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Last previous
edition approved in 2010 as D4340–10. DOI: 10.1520/D4340–19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or O-ring joints with a low coefficient of expansion may be used.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM High-strength glass with a low coefficient of expansion may be used.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Silicone O-rings may also be satisfactory. Polytetrafluoroethylene is not
the ASTM website. suitable due to a high creep rate at the test temperature.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4340 − 10 D4340 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants
1
Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory screening procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of engine coolants in combating
corrosion of aluminum casting alloys under heat-transfer conditions that may be present in aluminum cylinder head engines.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Sections 11 and 12.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1176 Practice for Sampling and Preparing Aqueous Solutions of Engine Coolants or Antirusts for Testing Purposes
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, a heat flux is established through a cast aluminum alloy typical of that used for engine cylinder heads
while exposed to an engine coolant under a pressure of 193 kPa (28 psi). The temperature of the aluminum specimen is maintained
at 135°C (275°F)135 °C (275 °F) and the test is continued for 1 week (168 h). The effectiveness of the coolant for preventing
corrosion of the aluminum under heat-transfer conditions (hereafter referred to as heat-transfer corrosion) is evaluated on the basis
of the weight change of the test specimen.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 It is essential that engine coolants prevent heat-transfer corrosion of aluminum cylinder heads during engine operation. Any
corrosion products formed may deposit on interior radiator surfaces, reducing heat-transfer efficiency of the radiator. Overheating
and boil-over of the cooling system may then occur.
4.2 This test method provides a means for selectively screening unused engine coolants and will readily distinguish those
coolants that are unsuitable for use with aluminum cylinder head engines. However, satisfactory performance of a coolant in this
test method does not ensure adequate long-term service performance. Additional, more comprehensive evaluations with simulated
service, dynamometer, and vehicle tests should be used to establish the long-term effectiveness of the coolant.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Cell—The assembled corrosion cell is shown schematically in Fig. 1. It is assembled from
components, some of which require glass blowing or machining. The glass O-ring cell shall be constructed from two glass O-ring
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.06 on
Glassware Performance Tests.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010May 1, 2019. Published January 2011June 2019. Last previous edition approved in 20072010 as D4340 – 96D4340(2007).–10. DOI:
10.1520/D4340-10.10.1520/D4340–19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4340 − 19
FIG. 1 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Test Assembly
Metric Equivalents
1 1 5 1 1 9 1 1
in. ⁄4 ⁄2 ⁄8 1 ⁄4 2 2 ⁄16 2 ⁄16 4 ⁄2 5 ⁄4
mm 6.35 12.7 15.88 31.75 50.8 52.39 65.09 114.3 133.35
FIG. 2 Heat-Transfer Corrosion Test Components
3 4
joints joined to an ad
...
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