ASTM D893-14(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Pentane insolubles can include oil-insoluble materials and some oil-insoluble resinous matter originating from oil or additive degradation, or both.
5.2 Toluene insoluble materials can come from (1) external contamination, (2) fuel carbon and highly carbonized materials from degradation of fuel, oil, and additives, or (3) engine wear and corrosion materials.
5.3 A significant change in pentane insolubles, toluene insolubles (with or without coagulant), and insoluble resins indicates a change in oil which could lead to lubrication system problems.
5.4 Insolubles measured can also assist in evaluating the performance characteristics of a used oil or in determining the cause of equipment failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane and toluene insolubles in used lubricating oils.
1.2 Procedure A covers the determination of insolubles without the use of coagulant in the pentane. It provides an indication of the materials that can readily be separated from the oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging.
1.3 Procedure B covers the determination of insolubles in oils containing detergents and employs a coagulant for both the pentane and toluene insolubles. In addition to the materials separated by using Procedure A, this coagulation procedure separates some finely divided materials that may be suspended in the oil.
Note 1: Results obtained by Procedures A and B should not be compared since they usually give different values. The same procedure should be employed when comparing values obtained periodically on an oil in use or when comparing results determined by two or more laboratories.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 9.1.1.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D893 − 14 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
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Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
and toluene insolubles in used lubricating oils.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 Procedure A covers the determination of insolubles
Petroleum Products
without the use of coagulant in the pentane. It provides an
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
indication of the materials that can readily be separated from
Petroleum Products
the oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging.
3. Terminology
1.3 Procedure B covers the determination of insolubles in
3.1 Definitions:
oilscontainingdetergentsandemploysacoagulantforboththe
3.1.1 coagulate, v—tocausetobecomeviscousorthickened
pentane and toluene insolubles. In addition to the materials
into a coherent mass.
separated by using Procedure A, this coagulation procedure
separates some finely divided materials that may be suspended
3.1.2 coagulated pentane insolubles, n—in used oil
in the oil.
analysis, separated matter that results when a coagulant is
NOTE 1—Results obtained by Procedures A and B should not be added to a solution of used oil in pentane.
compared since they usually give different values. The same procedure
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The addition of a coagulant will aid in
should be employed when comparing values obtained periodically on an
separating finely divided materials that may have been held in
oil in use or when comparing results determined by two or more
suspension because of the dispersant characteristics of the oil.
laboratories.
3.1.3 coagulated toluene insolubles, n—in used oil analysis,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
coagulated and separated matter not soluble in pentane or
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
toluene.
standard.
3.1.4 pentane insolubles, n—in used oil analysis, separated
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
matter resulting when a used oil is mixed with pentane.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In this test method, the separation is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
effected by centrifugation.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.5 toluene insolubles, n—in used oil analysis, the portion
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of pentane insolubles not soluble in toluene.
For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 9.1.1.
3.1.6 used oil, n—any oil that has been in a piece of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
equipment (for example, an engine, gearbox, transformer, or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
turbine), whether operated or not.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.6.1 Discussion—In this test method, the oil can be any
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
oil that has been used for lubrication.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.1 insoluble resins, n—in used oil analysis, separated
matter soluble in toluene but not pentane.
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
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Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D893 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0893-14R18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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