ASTM D5704-22a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5704 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of
Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final
1
Drive Axles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
TheTMCprovidesreferenceoils,andengineeringandstatisticalservicestolaboratoriesthatdesire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
theAmericanChemistryCouncilrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMCservicesaspartoftheirtest
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence theTest Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
1. Scope* conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1
2
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst
test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and
mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow
deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual trans-
are to be regarded as standard.
mission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where
high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
thereisnodirectequivalentsuchastheunitsforscrewthreads,
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022. Published February 2023. Originally
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D5704–22. DOI:
Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and
10.1520/D5704-22A.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center Annex A7.
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions
in all information Letters through No. 22-2. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5704 − 22a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.5 varnish, n—in manual transmissions and final drive
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical axles, a hard, dry, generally lustrous deposit that can be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. removed by solvents but not by wiping with a cloth.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
3
4.1 A sample of the lubricant to be tested
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5704 − 22 D5704 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of
Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final
1
Drive Axles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5704; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Portions of this test method are written for use by laboratories that make use of ASTM Test
2
Monitoring Center (TMC) services (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).
The TMC provides reference oils, and engineering and statistical services to laboratories that desire
to produce test results that are statistically similar to those produced by laboratories previously
calibrated by the TMC.
In general, the Test Purchaser decides if a calibrated test stand is to be used. Organizations such as
the American Chemistry Council require that a laboratory utilize the TMC services as part of their test
registration process. In addition, the American Petroleum Institute and the Gear Lubricant Review
Committee of the Lubricant Review Institute (SAE International) require that a laboratory use the
TMC services in seeking qualification of oils against their specifications.
The advantage of using the TMC services to calibrate test stands is that the test laboratory (and
hence the Test Purchaser) has an assurance that the test stand was operating at the proper level of test
severity. It should also be borne in mind that results obtained in a non-calibrated test stand may not
be the same as those obtained in a test stand participating in the ASTM TMC services process.
Laboratories that choose not to use the TMC services may simply disregard these portions.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test. It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and
deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to
high-temperature oxidizing conditions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to
be regarded as standard.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.B0.03 on Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids.
Current edition approved April 1, 2022Dec. 15, 2022. Published April 2022February 2023. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20202022 as
D5704 – 20.D5704 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/D5704-22.10.1520/D5704-22A.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 203 Armstrong Drive, Freeport, PA 16229. Attention: Director. This edition incorporates revisions in all information
Letters through No. 22-1.22-2.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5704 − 22a
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or
where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
...
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