ASTM G160-03(2009)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Microbial Susceptibility of Nonmetallic Materials by Laboratory Soil Burial
Standard Practice for Evaluating Microbial Susceptibility of Nonmetallic Materials by Laboratory Soil Burial
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These results may be used to compare the susceptibility of materials when exposed to this test procedure.
Microbiological susceptibility may be reflected by a number of changes including staining, weight loss, or reduction in tensile or flexural strength.
This practice may be considered an inoculation with a mixed culture of fungi and bacteria.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is limited to the method of conducting an evaluation of a nonmetallic material's microbiological susceptibility when in contact with the natural environment of the soil. This practice is intended for use on solid material test specimens that are no larger than approximately 2 cm (¾ in.) thick and 100 cm2 (20 in.2) or on film forming materials such as coatings which may be tested in the form of films at least 50 by 50 mm (2 by 2 in.) in size. This practice may be applied to articles that do not spend the majority of their service life in soil.
1.2 A wide variety of properties may be affected by microbial attack depending on material or item characteristics. Standard methods (where available) should be used for each different property to be evaluated. This practice does not attempt to enumerate all of the possible properties of interest nor specify the most appropriate test for those properties. Test methods must, however, be appropriate to the material being tested.
1.3 It is recommended that this practice be combined with appropriate environmental exposures (for example, sunlight simulating weathering devices, the hydrolytic effects of extended aqueous contact, or extraneous nutrients) or fabrication into articles (for example, adhesive bonding of seams) which may promote microbiological susceptibility during the service life of the material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G160 − 03(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Microbial Susceptibility of Nonmetallic Materials
By Laboratory Soil Burial
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice is limited to the method of conducting an
2.1 These results may be used to compare the susceptibility
evaluation of a nonmetallic material’s microbiological suscep- of materials when exposed to this test procedure.
tibility when in contact with the natural environment of the
2.2 Microbiological susceptibility may be reflected by a
soil. This practice is intended for use on solid material test
numberofchangesincludingstaining,weightloss,orreduction
specimens that are no larger than approximately 2 cm ( ⁄4 in.)
in tensile or flexural strength.
2 2
thick and 100 cm (20 in. ) or on film forming materials such
2.3 This practice may be considered an inoculation with a
as coatings which may be tested in the form of films at least 50
mixed culture of fungi and bacteria.
by 50 mm (2 by 2 in.) in size. This practice may be applied to
articles that do not spend the majority of their service life in
3. Soil
soil.
3.1 Composition— Soil shall be composed of equal parts of
1.2 A wide variety of properties may be affected by micro-
fertile topsoil (soil with a high clay content should not be
bial attack depending on material or item characteristics.
used), well-rotted and shredded horse manure, and coarse sand
Standard methods (where available) should be used for each
(10 to 40 mesh).
different property to be evaluated. This practice does not
attempt to enumerate all of the possible properties of interest
3.2 Mixing—The soil composition of 3.1 should be prepared
nor specify the most appropriate test for those properties. Test
by simple mixing and sifting through ⁄4-in. mesh screen.
methods must, however, be appropriate to the material being
3.3 Aging—The mixture is aged for three months and
tested.
resifted twice at four-week intervals during the three months.
1.3 It is recommended that this practice be combined with
Afterthreemonths,aviabilitycontrolofuntreatedcottoncloth,
appropriate environmental exposures (for example, sunlight
2 2
400 to 475 g/m (12 to 14 oz/yd ), buried in the soil shall have
simulating weathering devices, the hydrolytic effects of ex-
a tensile strength loss of at least 50 % after five days.
tended aqueous contact, or extraneous nutrients) or fabrication
NOTE 1—The soil mixture may be used for sequential tests as long as
into articles (for example, adhesive bonding of seams) which
the cotton cloth control degrades within the specified time period.
may promote microbiological susceptibility during the service
3.4 pH—The soil shall have a pH between 6.5 to 7.5,
life of the material.
checked periodically, and maintained by the addition of ground
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
limestone to raise the pH or flowers of sulfur to lower the pH.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
The soil pH may be taken by dispersing 1 weight part soil in 20
information purposes only.
parts of water, shaking or stirring, then allowing the mix to
settle for 1 h. The pH is measured with indicator paper,
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
electrodes, or by titration.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.5 Moisture—The soil shall be maintained at between 20
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and 30 % moisture, based on the dry weight of the soil. (The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
percent moisture is calculated by weighing approximately 50
mL of a representative portion and taking the portion to
constant weight by placing the soil in an oven at a temperature
of 101 to 106°C.) Water lost during use as a result of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee G03 on Weathering and
Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.04 on Biological
evaporationshallbereplacedwithoutdeformingthesoilbed.If
Deterioration.
the surrounding atmosphere is maintained at 85 to 95 %
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
relative humidity, this loss is negligible, however, the moisture
in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as G160 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/
G0160-03R09. level should be periodically measured.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G160 − 03 (2009)
4. Apparatus 9. Calculation and Interpretation of Results
4.1 Soil Container— The container shall be any material of
9.1 Visual—At the end of the exposure period, the speci-
suitable mechanical strength and chemical/microbial resistance
mens shall be removed from the soil bed and conditioned
and, if porous, shall be lined with impermeable material. It
according to methods appropriate to the material being tested.
shall be of any size that is convenient to handle and having a
For visual evaluation, the material is rinsed under a stream of
depth of at least 12.7 cm (5 in.).
tap water while gently rubbing between fingers to remove soil
and air-drying at 20°C (68°F) for minimum amount of time.
4.2 External Environment—An apparatus capable of main-
Alternatively, the material may be gently vacuumed or very
taining a tem
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G160–98 Designation:G160–03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Microbial Susceptibility of Nonmetallic Materials
By Laboratory Soil Burial
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 160; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice is limited to the method of conducting an evaluation of a nonmetallic material’s microbiological susceptibility
when in contact with the natural environment of the soil and soil. This practice is intended for use on solid material test specimens
2 2
that are no larger than approximately 2 cm ( ⁄4 in.) thick and 100 cm (20 in. ) or less. This practice may be applied to articles
that do not spend the majority of their service life in soil. ) or on film forming materials such as coatings which may be tested in
the form of films at least 50 by 50 mm (2 by 2 in.) in size. This practice may be applied to articles that do not spend the majority
of their service life in soil.
1.2 A wide variety of properties may be affected by microbial attack depending on material or item characteristics. Standard
methods (where available) should be used for each different property to be evaluated. This practice does not attempt to enumerate
all of the possible properties of interest nor specify the most appropriate test for those properties. Test methods must, however, be
appropriate to the material being tested.
1.3 It is recommended that this practice be combined with appropriate environmental exposures (for example, sunlight
simulating weathering devices, the hydrolytic effects of extended aqueous contact, or extraneous nutrients) or fabrication into
articles (for example, adhesive bonding of seams) which may promote microbiological susceptibility during the service life of the
material.
1.4The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
purposes only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 These results may be used to compare the susceptibility of materials when exposed to this test procedure.
2.2 Microbiological susceptibility may be reflected by a number of changes including staining, weight loss, or reduction in
tensile or flexural strength.
2.3 This practice may be considered an inoculation with a mixed culture of fungi and bacteria.
3. Soil
3.1 Composition— Soil shall be composed of equal parts of fertile topsoil (soil with a high clay content should not be used),
well-rotted and shredded horse manure, and coarse sand (10 to 40 mesh).
3.2 Mixing—The soil composition of 3.1 should be prepared by simple mixing and sifting through ⁄4-in. mesh screen.
3.3 Aging—The mixture is aged for three months and resifted twice at four-week intervals during the three months.After three
2 2
months, a viability control of untreated cotton cloth, 400 to 475 g/m (12 to 14 oz/yd ), buried in the soil shall have a tensile
strength loss of at least 50 % after five days.
NOTE 1—The soil mixture may be used for sequential tests as long as the cotton cloth control degrades within the specified time period.
3.4 pH—The soil shall have a pH between 6.5 to 7.5, checked periodically, and maintained by the addition of ground limestone
to raise the pH or flowers of sulfur to lower the pH. The soil pH may be taken by dispersing 1 weight part soil in 20 parts of water,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee G-3 on Weathering and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.04 on Biological
Deterioration.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published April 1999. Originally published as G160–98.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee G03 on Weathering and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.04 on Biological
Deterioration.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as G 160 – 03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G160–03 (2009)
shaking or stirring, then allowing the mix to settle for 1 h. The pH is measured with indicator paper, electrodes, or by titration.
3.5 Moisture—The soil shall be maintained at between 20 and 30 % moisture, based on the dry weight of the soil. (The percent
moisture is calculated by weighing approximately 50 mL of a representative portion and taking the portion to constant weight by
placing the soil in an oven at a temperature of 101 to 106°C.) Water lost during use as a result of evaporation shall be replaced
without deforming the soil bed. If the surrounding atmosphere is maintained at 85 to 95 % relative humidity, this loss is negligible,
however, the moisture level should be periodically measured.
4. Apparatus
4.1 SoilContainer—The container shall be any material of suitable mechanical strength and chemical/microbial resistance and,
if porous, shall be lined with impermeable material. It shall be of any size that is convenient to handle and having a depth of at
least 12.7 cm (5 in.).
4.2 External Environment—An apparatus capable of maintaining a temperature
...
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