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ASTM A744/A744M-21

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service

Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for iron-chromium-nickel alloy, stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications. Alloys shall be melted by the electric furnace process with or without refining such as argon-oxygen-decarburization. Castings shall be heat treated and shall conform to the required heat treatment conditions. The materials shall conform with the prescribed chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, columbium, copper, selenium, tungsten, vanadium, iron, and nitrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel alloy stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive applications.  
1.2 This specification requires post-weld heat treatment of all weld repairs affecting surfaces intended to be wetted by the corrosive medium. For applications for which post-weld heat treatment is not considered mandatory for retention of acceptable corrosion resistance, refer to Specification A743/A743M.  
Note 1: For general corrosion-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A743/A743M. For general heat-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A297/A297M. For nickel-base alloy castings, refer to Specification A494/A494M.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.3.2 Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A744 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A744M.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2021
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM A744/A744M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceASTM A744/A744M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
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REDLINE ASTM A744/A744M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe ServiceREDLINE ASTM A744/A744M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A744/A744M −21
Standard Specification for
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for
1
Severe Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA744/A744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel alloy
stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corro-
2. Referenced Documents
sive applications. 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This specification requires post-weld heat treatment of
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
all weld repairs affecting surfaces intended to be wetted by the Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
corrosive medium. For applications for which post-weld heat
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-
treatment is not considered mandatory for retention of accept- Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant,
able corrosion resistance, refer to Specification A743/A743M.
for General Application
A494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel
NOTE 1—For general corrosion-resistant alloy castings, reference
Alloy
should be made to Specification A743/A743M. For general heat-resistant
A743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,
alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A297/A297M.
For nickel-base alloy castings, refer to Specification A494/A494M.
Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General
Application
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
Use
with the standard.
3
2.2 American Welding Society Standards:
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
AWS A5.11 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Cov-
1.3.2 Inch-poundunitsareapplicableformaterialorderedto
ered Welding Electrodes
Specification A744 and SI units for material ordered to
AWS A5.14 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare
Specification A744M.
Welding Rods and Electrodes
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3. Terminology
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1 wetted surface, n—one that contacts a corrosive envi-
ronment.
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
A01.18 on Castings. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2021. Published March 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A744/A744M – 20a. Available from The American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd.,
DOI: 10.1520/A0744_A0744M-21. Miami, FL 33126.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A744/A744M − 21
NOTE 2—Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to
4. General Conditions for Delivery
enhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical
4.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished to
properties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it is
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some
minimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order
fication A781/A781M, including any supplementary require-
to enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.
ments that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure to
comply with the general requireme
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A744/A744M − 20a A744/A744M − 21
Standard Specification for
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for
1
Severe Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A744/A744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel alloy,alloy stainless steel castings intended for particularly severe corrosive
applications.
1.2 This specification requires post-weld heat treatment of all weld repairs affecting surfaces intended to be wetted by the corrosive
medium. For applications for which post-weld heat treatment is not considered mandatory for retention of acceptable corrosion
resistance, refer to Specification A743/A743M.
NOTE 1—For general corrosion-resistant alloy castings, reference should be made to Specification A743/A743M. For general heat-resistant alloy castings,
reference should be made to Specification A297/A297M. For nickel-base alloy castings, refer to Specification A494/A494M.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.3.2 Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A744 and SI units for material ordered to Specification
A744M.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General
Application
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020March 1, 2021. Published November 2020March 2021. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
A744/A744M – 20.A744/A744M – 20a. DOI: 10.1520/A0744_A0744M-20A.10.1520/A0744_A0744M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A744/A744M − 21
A494/A494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
A743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
3
2.2 American Welding Society Standards:
AWS A5.11 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Covered Welding Electrodes
AWS A5.14 Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 wetted surface, n—one that contacts a corrosive environment.
4. General Conditions for Delivery
4.1 Except for investment castings, castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification
A781/A781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated on the purchase order. Failure to comply with the
general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between
the requirements of this specification and Spec
...

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Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.  
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A1091/A1091M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service. However, the castings are not restricted to such applications, and may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable. The specification includes one grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91, which is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after weld repairs.
This specification also prescribes the general conditions for delivery, including those for investment castings, as well as the requirements for ordering information; materials and manufacture (heat-treatment and machining); chemical composition; testing of mechanical properties (tensile testing and hardness testing); quality of castings; rework, weld repair, and retreatment; and certification and marking of castings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers creep-strength enhanced alloy steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature service (see Note 1). However, they are not restricted to such applications and the castings may be used for other applications for which the attributes of the material, as defined by this specification, are suitable.  
1.2 One grade of martensitic alloy steel, Grade C91 (UNS Number J84090), is covered (see Note 2). It is provided in two classes, differentiated by the type of heat treatment after welding. This and similar steels are characterized by a predominantly tempered martensitic or tempered Bainitic microstructure that is stabilized by the precipitation of temper-resistant particles at various precipitate nucleation sites in the microstructure. Such steels are designed to have creep-rupture strengths significantly superior to those of alloys of nominally similar compositions, but in which the precipitates or nucleation sites are absent. Since this crucial difference cannot be revealed by room-temperature mechanical property tests, these alloys require tighter controls on manufacturing and processing.
Note 1: The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are generally suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that these grades possess equal degrees of weldability; therefore, it is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish a suitable welding technique. Since these grades possess varying degrees of suitability for high-temperature service, it is also the responsibility of the purchaser to determine which grade shall be furnished, due consideration being given to the requirements of the applicable construction codes.
Note 2: The committee formulating this specification has included one grade of material that is considered to represent a type of ferritic alloy steel suitable for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts. Additional alloy steels will be considered for inclusion in this specification by the committee as the need becomes apparent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A447/A447M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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