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ASTM D2688-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion Rate in a Water System in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion Rate in a Water System in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Since the two tendencies are inseparable for a metal to corrode and for water and the materials it contains to promote or inhibit corrosion, the corrosion rate of a material in water is determined in relative, rather than absolute, terms. The relative tendency for a material to corrode is determined by measuring its rate of corrosion and comparing it with the corrosion rates of other materials in the same water environment. Conversely, the relative tendency of water to promote or inhibit corrosion can be determined by comparing the corrosion rate of a material in the water with the corrosion rates of the same material in other waters. Such tests are useful, for example, for evaluating the effects of corrosion inhibitors added to the water. Examples of systems in which this method can be used include, but are not limited to, open recirculating cooling water, closed chilled water, and hydronic heating systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosion rate in a water system, in the absence of heat transfer.  
1.1.1 This is accomplished by measuring the weight loss of metal specimens, also called coupons, and evaluating pitting. Weight loss provides the means to calculate the average corrosion rate. Pitting is a form of localized corrosion.  
1.1.2 The rate of corrosion of a metal immersed in water is a function of both the characteristics of the water itself and the materials it contains to promote or inhibit corrosion.  
1.2 The test method employs flat, rectangular-shaped metal coupons which are mounted on pipe plugs and exposed to the water flowing in piping in municipal, building, and industrial water systems using a side stream corrosion specimen rack.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2023
ICS
13.060.60 - Examination of physical properties of water
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2688-15e1 - Standard Test Method for Corrosivity of Water in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2023
Refers
ASTM D1129-13(2020)e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D1129-13(2020)e2 - Standard Terminology Relating to Water
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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ASTM D2688-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion Rate in a Water System in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)ASTM D2688-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Corrosion Rate in a Water System in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2688 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Corrosion Rate in a Water System in the
1
Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corro- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
sion rate in a water system, in the absence of heat transfer. D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1.1.1 This is accomplished by measuring the weight loss of D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of
metal specimens, also called coupons, and evaluating pitting. Water-Formed Deposits
Weight loss provides the means to calculate the average D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
corrosion rate. Pitting is a form of localized corrosion. Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
1.1.2 The rate of corrosion of a metal immersed in water is G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corro-
a function of both the characteristics of the water itself and the sion Test Specimens
materials it contains to promote or inhibit corrosion. G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
Data
1.2 The test method employs flat, rectangular-shaped metal
G31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of
coupons which are mounted on pipe plugs and exposed to the
Metals
water flowing in piping in municipal, building, and industrial
water systems using a side stream corrosion specimen rack.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
tion only and are not considered standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Since the two tendencies are inseparable for a metal to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
corrode and for water and the materials it contains to promote
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or inhibit corrosion, the corrosion rate of a material in water is
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
determined in relative, rather than absolute, terms. The relative
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tendency for a material to corrode is determined by measuring
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
its rate of corrosion and comparing it with the corrosion rates
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
of other materials in the same water environment. Conversely,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the relative tendency of water to promote or inhibit corrosion
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
can be determined by comparing the corrosion rate of a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
material in the water with the corrosion rates of the same
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
material in other waters. Such tests are useful, for example, for
evaluating the effects of corrosion inhibitors added to the
water. Examples of systems in which this method can be used
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
2
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2688 – 15 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2688-23. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2688 − 23
include, but are not limited to, open recirculating cooling most common constituents will be calcium, magnesium,
water, closed chilled water, and hydronic
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2688 − 15 D2688 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Corrosivity of Water Determination of Corrosion Rate in a
Water System in the Absence of Heat Transfer (Weight Loss
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—An editorial correction was made to 13.3.2 in July 2016.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosivity of water by evaluating pitting and by measuring the weight loss
of metal specimens. Pitting is a form of localized corrosion: weight loss is a measure of the average corrosion rate. The rate of
corrosion of a metal immersed in water is a function of the tendency for the metal to corrode and is also a function of the tendency
for water and the materials it contains to promote (or inhibit) corrosion.corrosion rate in a water system, in the absence of heat
transfer.
1.1.1 This is accomplished by measuring the weight loss of metal specimens, also called coupons, and evaluating pitting. Weight
loss provides the means to calculate the average corrosion rate. Pitting is a form of localized corrosion.
1.1.2 The rate of corrosion of a metal immersed in water is a function of both the characteristics of the water itself and the
materials it contains to promote or inhibit corrosion.
1.2 The test method employs flat, rectangular-shaped metal coupons which are mounted on pipe plugs and exposed to the water
flowing in metal piping in municipal, building, and industrial water systems using a side stream corrosion specimen rack.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015Dec. 1, 2023. Published June 2015January 2024. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
ɛ1
D2688 – 11.D2688 – 15 . DOI: 10.1520/D2688-15E01.10.1520/D2688-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2688 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D2331 Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
G1 Practice for Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens
G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion Data
G31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Since the two tendencies are inseparable for a metal to corrode and for water and the materials it contains to promote or inhibit
corrosion, the corrosiveness corrosion rate of a material or the corrosivity of water must be in water is determined in relative, rather
than absolute, terms. The relative tendency for a material to corrode is normally determined by measuring its rate of corrosion and
comparing it with the corrosion rates of other materials in the same water environment. Conversely, the relative cor
...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Radioactive Iron in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fe-55 is formed in reactor coolant systems of nuclear reactors by activation of stable iron. The 55Fe is not completely removed by waste processing systems and some is released to the environment by means of normal waste liquid discharges. Power plants are required to monitor these discharges for 55Fe as well as other radionuclides.  
5.2 This technique effectively removes other activation and fission products such as isotopes of iodine, zinc, manganese, cobalt, and cesium by the addition of hold-back carriers and an anion exchange technique. The fission products (zirconium-95 and niobium-95) are selectively eluted with hydrochloric-hydrofluoric acid washes. The iron is finally separated from Zn+2 by precipitation of FePO4 at a pH of 3.0.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of 55Fe in the presence of 59Fe by liquid scintillation counting. The a-priori minimum detectable concentration for this test method is 7.4 Bq/L.2  
1.2 This test method was developed principally for the quantitative determination of 55Fe. However, after proper calibration of the liquid scintillation counter with reference standards of each nuclide, 59Fe may also be quantified.  
1.3 This test method was used successfully with Type III reagent water conforming to Specification D1193. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1943-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Alpha Particle Radioactivity of Water 

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed for the purpose of measuring gross alpha radioactivity in water. It is used for the analysis of both process and environmental water to determine gross alpha activity which is often a result of natural radioactivity present in minerals.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of alpha particle activity of water. It is applicable to nuclides that emit alpha particles with energies above 3.9 MeV and at activity levels above 0.02 Bq/mL (540 pCi/L) of radioactive homogeneous water. This test method is not applicable to samples containing alpha-emitting radionuclides that are volatile under conditions of the analysis.  
1.2 This test method can be used for either absolute or relative determinations. In tracer work, the results may be expressed by comparison with a standard that is defined to be 100 %. For radioassay, data may be expressed in terms of alpha disintegration rates after calibration with a suitable standard. General information on radioactivity and measurement of radiation has been published in Refs (1-3)2 and summarized in Practices D3648.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5811-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Strontium-90 in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to measure the concentration of 90Sr in non-process water samples. This test method may be used to determine the concentration of 90Sr in environmental samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of radioactive 90Sr in environmental water samples (for example, non-process and effluent waters) in the range of 0.037 Bq/L (1.0 pCi/L) or greater.  
1.2 This test method has been used successfully with tap water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for samples larger than 1 L and for waters of untested matrices.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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