ASTM E1936-03(2007)
(Specification)Standard Reference Radiograph for Evaluating the Performance of Radiographic Digitization Systems
Standard Reference Radiograph for Evaluating the Performance of Radiographic Digitization Systems
SCOPE
1.1 This reference radiograph covers a series of test targets suitable for evaluating, quantifying, and documenting performance parameters of the radiographic digitization process or the electronic image reconstruction process, or both. This reference radiograph can be used for visual and electronic analysis of digitization systems. This is the first of three related standards. Subsequent standards will provide guidance on the use of the test targets and recommended system performance levels
1.2 This reference radiograph provides a series of test targets to provide a vehicle for the evaluation of spatial resolution, density contrast sensitivity, dynamic range, and spatial linearity as well as other aspects of a digitization system. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitization system with a spatial resolution down to ∼1/1000 in. [25 micrometres (μ)] a density contrast sensitivity down to 0.02 optical density (OD), a density range of 0.5 to 4.5 OD, and a film size capacity of 14 in. [355 mm] wide by 17 in. [431 mm] long.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of the spatial resolution targets (6.2 and 6.7) which are stated in SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:E1936–03 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Reference Radiograph for
Evaluating the Performance of Radiographic Digitization
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1254 Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed
Industrial Radiographic Films
1.1 This reference radiograph covers a series of test targets
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
suitable for evaluating, quantifying, and documenting perfor-
E1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
mance parameters of the radiographic digitization process or
2.2 ASME Standard:
the electronic image reconstruction process, or both. This
SectionV,Article2, MandatoryAppendixVI,DigitalImage
reference radiograph can be used for visual and electronic
Acquisition, Display, Interpretation and Storage for
analysis of digitization systems.This is the first of three related
3
Nuclear Applications
standards. Subsequent standards will provide guidance on the
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
use of the test targets and recommended system performance
Standard Reference Radiograph for Evaluating the Perfor-
levels
4
mance of Radiographic Digitization Systems
1.2 This reference radiograph provides a series of test
targets to provide a vehicle for the evaluation of spatial
3. Terminology
resolution, density contrast sensitivity, dynamic range, and
3.1 Definitions:
spatial linearity as well as other aspects of a digitization
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E1316 for definitions of terms
system. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitiza-
used in this guide.
tion system with a spatial resolution down to ;1/1000 in. [25
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
micrometres (µ)] a density contrast sensitivity down to 0.02
3.2.1 converging line pairs—the targets located on the
optical density (OD), a density range of 0.5 to 4.5 OD, and a
reference radiograph that are used to determine the spatial
film size capacity of 14 in. [355 mm] wide by 17 in. [431 mm]
resolution of the digitization system.
long.
3.2.2 parallel line pairs—the targets located on the refer-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ence radiograph that are used in conjunction with the converg-
as the standard, with the exception of the spatial resolution
ing line pairs to determine the spatial resolution of the
targets (6.2 and 6.7) which are stated in SI units.
digitization system.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety
3.2.3 reference radiograph—the single piece of industrial
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
radiographic film containing all of the reference targets de-
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
scribed in this document.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.2.4 scan line—it is a path that is one pixel high (vertical)
limitations prior to use.
by the number of pixels wide (horizontal), that is captured by
2. Referenced Documents the digitization system.The scan lines are added, one on top of
2
the other, to electronically reproduce the physical (analog) data
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in the horizontal (film width) and vertical (film length) direc-
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
tions on the display monitor.
eters
3.2.5 spatial linearity—the accuracy to which a digitization
systemreproducesthephysicaldimension.Itisassessedwithin
a single scan line and from one scan line to the next (horizontal
1
ThisreferenceradiographisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07on
and vertical directions).
Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on
Reference Radiological Images.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1936 - 03. DOI:
3
10.1520/E1936-03R07. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.asme.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromEPRINDECenter,NDEDivision,1300HarrisBlvd.,Charlotte,
the ASTM website. NC 28262.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E1936–03 (2007)
3.2.6 sp
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1936–97 Designation: E 1936 – 03 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Reference Radiograph for
Evaluating the Performance of Radiographic Digitization
1
Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1936; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This reference radiograph covers a series of test targets suitable for evaluating, quantifying, and documenting performance
parameters of the radiographic digitization process or the electronic image reconstruction process, or both. This reference
radiograph can be used for visual and electronic analysis of digitization systems. This is the first of three related standards.
Subsequent standards will provide guidance on the use of the test targets and recommended system performance levels
1.2 Thisreferenceradiographprovidesaseriesoftesttargetstoprovideavehiclefortheevaluationofspatialresolution,density
contrast sensitivity, dynamic range, and spatial linearity as well as other aspects of a digitization system. The test targets are
suitable for evaluating a digitization system with a spatial resolution down to ;1/1000 in. [25 micrometeres (µ)] a density contrast
sensitivity down to 0.02 optical density (OD), a density range of 0.5 to 4.5 OD, and a film size capacity of 14 in. (355 mm)[355
mm] wide by 17 in. (431 mm)[431 mm] long.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of the spatial resolution targets
(6.2 and 6.66.7) which are stated in SI units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitometers
E 1254 Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films
E 1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E 1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
2.2 ASME Standard:
Section V, Article 2, Mandatory Appendix VI, Digital Image Acquisition, Display, Interpretation and Storage for Nuclear
3
Applications
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
4
Standard Reference Radiograph for Evaluating the Performance of Radiographic Digitization Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Refer to Terminology E 1316 for definitions of terms used in this guide.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 converging line pairs—the targets located on the reference radiograph that are used to determine the spatial resolution of
the digitization system.
1
This reference radiograph is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on
Reference Radiological Images.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published June 1998.
1
This reference radiograph is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on
Reference Radiological Images.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E1936 - 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.
3
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
4
Available from EPRI NDE Center, NDE Division, 1300 Harris Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28262.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 1936 – 03 (2007)
3.2.2 dynamic range—the range of optical densities over which a predetermined density contrast sensitivity can be maintained
in a single image.
3.2.3image—the digital representation of the target on the reference radiograph. The image of the
...
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