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ASTM D5847-02(2012)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D-19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system must be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice must be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements.
In order for users of D-19 test methods to achieve consistently valid results, a minimum level of QC must be performed. This minimum level of QC is stipulated in this practice and by the taskgroups developing D-19 test methods. If the specific requirements outlined in this practice are not applicable to the test method, alternative QC must be defined in the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D-19.
1.2 ASTM has adopted the following:
Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control section in standard test methods generated by Committee D-19 on Water.      GENERALBy July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision, whichever is later, every D-19 Standard Test Method shall contain a QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this practice.  NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTINGAs of July 29, 1998, each collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the Results Advisor shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC section in meeting the requirements of this Practice and Practice D2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collaborative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the Results Advisor must be obtained.  OLDER VALIDATED METHODSStandard test methods that were validated using D-2777-77, D-2777-86, or D-2777-94, when ballotted for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, information derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the published method.  
1.3 Required QC sections in all applicable test methods are intended to achieve two goals. First, users of Committee D-19 test methods will be able to demonstrate a minimum competency in the performance of these test methods by comparison with collaborative study data. Second, all users of test methods will be required to perform a minimum level of QC as part of proper implementation of these test methods to ensure ongoing competency.
1.4 This practice contains the primary requirements for QC of a specific test method. In many cases, it may be desirable to implement additional QC requirements to assure the desired quality of data.
1.5 The specific requirements in this practice may not be applicable to all test methods. These requirements may vary depending on the type of test method used as well as the analyte being determined and the sample matrix being analyzed. See Explanation 1 in Appendix X1.
1.5.1 If there are compelling reasons why any of the specific QC requirements listed in this practice are not applicable to a specific test method, these reasons must be documented in the QC section of the test method.
1.5.2 With the approval of Committee D-19 on the recommendation o...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Jun-2012
ICS
13.060.45 - Examination of water in general
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.02 - Quality Systems, Specification, and Statistics
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D5847-02(2012) - Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water AnalysisASTM D5847-02(2012) - Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
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ASTM D5847-02(2012) - Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5847 −02 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Practice for
Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test
1
Methods for Water Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5847; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope will be required to perform a minimum level of QC as part of
proper implementation of these test methods to ensure ongoing
1.1 This practice provides specific, mandatory requirements
competency.
for incorporating quality control (QC) procedures into all test
methods under the jurisdiction of Committee D-19. 1.4 This practice contains the primary requirements for QC
of a specific test method. In many cases, it may be desirable to
1.2 ASTM has adopted the following:
implement additional QC requirements to assure the desired
Policy on implementation of requirements for a quality control
quality of data.
section in standard test methods generated by Committee D-19
on Water.
1.5 The specific requirements in this practice may not be
applicable to all test methods. These requirements may vary
GENERAL—By July 29, 1998, or at the next reapproval or revision,
whichever is later, every D-19 Standard Test Method shall contain a depending on the type of test method used as well as the
QC section that is in full compliance with the requirements of this
analyte being determined and the sample matrix being ana-
practice.
lyzed. See Explanation 1 in Appendix X1.
NEW COLLABORATIVE TESTING —As of July 29, 1998, each
collaborative study design shall include a QC section as part of the 1.5.1 Iftherearecompellingreasonswhyanyofthespecific
method to be tested. Prior to approval of the study design, the
QC requirements listed in this practice are not applicable to a
Results Advisor shall ascertain the appropriateness of the QC
specific test method, these reasons must be documented in the
section in meeting the requirements of this Practice and Practice
D2777, and shall advise the designer of the study of any changes QC section of the test method.
needed to fulfill the requirements of these practices. Before a collab-
1.5.2 With the approval of Committee D-19 on the recom-
orative study may be conducted, approval of the study design by the
mendation of the D-19 Results Advisor and the Technical
Results Advisor must be obtained.
OLDER VALIDATED METHODS —Standard test methods that were
OperationssectionoftheExecutiveSubcommittee,astatement
validated using D-2777-77, D-2777-86, or D-2777-94, when ballotted
giving the compelling reasons why compliance with all or
for reapproval or revision, shall contain a QC section based upon the
specificpointsofthispracticecannotbeachievedwillmeetthe
best information from the historical record. Where appropriate, infor-
mation derived from the record of the collaborative study shall be
requirements of both ASTM and this practice.
utilized for this purpose. The introduction of the QC section into
1.5.3 Test Methods developed prior to the approval of this
these standard test methods shall not be construed as a requirement
practice with a QC Section that meet the requirements of
for a new collaborative study, though the Subcommittee may opt for
such a study. Any information available regarding QC or precision/
Specification D5789 are considered in compliance with this
bias testing shall be included in the appropriate sections of the pub-
Practice.
lished method.
1.6 This practice is for use with quantitative methods and
1.3 Required QC sections in all applicable test methods are
may not be applicable to qualitative test methods.
intended to achieve two goals. First, users of Committee D-19
test methods will be able to demonstrate a minimum compe-
1.7 Presently, this practice is applicable primarily to chemi-
tency in the performance of these test methods by comparison
cal test methods. It is intended that, in future revisions, the
with collaborative study data. Second, all users of test methods
practice will be expanded to include other methods such as
microbiological methods.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.02 on Quality Systems,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Specification, and Statistics.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 1999. Last previous
...

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ASTM D5847-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In order to be certain that the end user of analytical results obtained from using an ASTM Committee D19 test method can be confident that the values have been obtained through a competent application of the test method, a demonstration of the proficiency of the analytical system shall be performed. Appropriate proficiency is demonstrated by achievement of performance criteria derived from results of the test method collaborative study. The QC measures specified in this practice shall be included in each ASTM test method, as applicable, to ensure the quality of measurements.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable for sampling condensed steam or water, such as boiler feedwater, for the collection of suspended solids and (optional) ionic solids using a 0.45-μm membrane filter (suspended solids) and ion exchange media (ionic solids). As the major suspended component found in most boiler feedwaters is some form of corrosion product from the preboiler system, the device used for this practice is commonly called a corrosion product sampler.  
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5.1 Appropriate application of this practice should result in an estimate of the test-method’s uncertainty (at any concentration within the working range), which can be compared with data-quality objectives to see if the uncertainty is acceptable.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a standard for computing the measurement uncertainty for applicable test methods in Committee D19 on Water. The practice does not provide a single-point estimate for the entire working range, but rather relates the uncertainty to concentration. The statistical technique of regression is employed during data analysis.  
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1.3 Calculation of the measurement uncertainty involves the analysis of data collected to help characterize the analytical method over an appropriate concentration range. Example sources of data include: (1) calibration studies (which may or may not be conducted in pure solvent), (2) recovery studies (which typically are conducted in matrix and include all sample-preparation steps), and (3) collections of data obtained as part of the method’s ongoing Quality Control program. Use of multiple instruments, multiple operators, or both, and field-sampling protocols may or may not be reflected in the data.  
1.4 In any designed study whose data are to be used to calculate method uncertainty, the user should think carefully about what the study is trying to accomplish and much variation should be incorporated into the study. General guidance on designing studies (for example, calibration, recovery) is given in Appendix X1. Detailed guidelines on sources of variation are outside the scope of this practice, but general points to consider are included in Appendix X2, which is not intended to be exhaustive. With any study, the user must think carefully about the factors involved with conducting the analysis, and must realize that the computed measurement uncertainty will reflect the quality of the input data.  
1.5 Associated with the measurement uncertainty is a user-chosen level of statistical confidence.  
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1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D3975-93(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Development and Use (Preparation) of Samples for Collaborative Testing of Methods for Analysis of Sediments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide guidelines for the preparation of samples for use in collaborative tests, to evaluate methods during their development, and for the evaluation of the precision and bias of proposed test methods.  
5.2 Statements of the precision and bias are a mandatory part of ASTM test methods. Such an evaluation is necessary to provide guidance to the user as to the reliability of measurements that can be expected by its use. The statements are developed on the basis of user experience (ordinarily collaborative tests) with the test method.  
5.3 The availability of test samples is a key requirement for collaborative evaluation of test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes uniform general procedures for the development (preparation) and use of samples in the collaborative testing of methods for chemical analysis of sediments and similar materials.  
1.2 The principles of this practice are applicable to aqueous samples with suitable technical modifications.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6362-98(2018)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Certificates of Reference Materials for Water Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is designed to assist suppliers and users of reference materials by identifying the information necessary on the certificate of analysis of materials designated for use in ASTM test methods. This practice is specifically designed to ensure that materials suitable for use as either calibration or quality control standards are available. This practice does not define a specific certification protocol, but rather provides guidance in the development of adequate data to support the use of the material as either a calibration or quality control standard. Suppliers are referred to ISO Guide 35 for guidelines on acceptable certification protocols. End users are referred to ISO Guide 31 for a more complete description of the elements of typical certificates of analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the information that must be provided on certificates of analysis of reference materials designated to support ASTM methods. It provides end users of these materials with a defined set of data that is required to be on a certificate of analysis and provides information to assist the end user in evaluating the independence of the material. Similarly, it provides the suppliers of reference materials with a consistent format for the presentation of certification data.  
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4.1 This guide establishes basic requirements which should be met by water and environmental laboratories that generate and report test chemical analyses which the laboratory client desires to be traceable to SI units (Note 1) or certified reference materials traceable to SI units. Traceability of chemical analyses is important because it provides a uniform basis for the comparison of results from different measurement systems and because it relates those results to our current knowledge of physical laws (Note 2).
Note 1: A certified reference material traceable to SI units is a certified reference material whose value can be related with a stated uncertainty through an unbroken change of comparisons to stated references (usually national or international standards) in SI units, such as a primary measurement made in SI units or a national standard certified in SI units.
Note 2: Not all chemical analysis results can be traceable to SI units or to certified reference material’s traceable to SI units, such as turbidity and or total suspended solids.  
4.2 Many waters-related laboratories comply with ISO Guide 17025 and participate in Proficiency Testing Programs. Laboratories that are connected to the same accreditation bodies and Proficiency Test providers can be expected to report statistically similar results on the same sample. However, some test methods and some certified reference materials are not supported with data traceable to SI units. Therefore, fully compliant laboratories that are not connected to the same providers may report statistically different chemical analysis results if they used the same nontraceable test method on the same sample. This problem could be minimized if they used test methods, measurement devices, and certified reference materials that are traceable to SI units, where available.  
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SCOPE
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Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The proper use of analytical data requires adequate documentation of all inputs, that is, the source and history of the sample, laboratory performing the analysis, method of analysis, date of analysis, precision and bias of the measurements, and related quality assurance information.  
4.2 In order to have defensible data, the report must be complete and accurate, providing adequate information to evaluate the quality of the data and contain supporting information that documents sampling and analysis procedures.  
4.3 This guide contains some of the common data qualifiers or “flags” commonly used by laboratories following the good laboratory practices, the government contract program, or found in the commercial laboratories. Examples of these qualifiers are the use of (E) for estimated value, (U) for analyzed for but not detected, and (B) for analyte was found in the blank (see 8.11). The qualifiers included in this guide should help the laboratory and its customers to better understand each other by using standardized qualifiers.  
4.4 Practice D933 is a comprehensive practice for reporting water-formed constituents such as metal oxides, acid anhydrides, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for reporting inorganic and organic results of analyses of drinking water, waste water, process water, ground water, and surface water, and so forth, to laboratory clients in a complete and systematic fashion.  
1.2 The reporting of bacterial and radiological data are not addressed in this guide.  
1.3 The commonly used data qualifiers for reviewing and reporting information are listed and defined. Client and laboratory specific requirements may make use of other qualifiers. This guide does not preclude the use of other data qualifiers.  
1.4 This guide discusses procedures for and specific problems in the reporting of low level data, potential errors (Type I and Type II), and reporting data that are below the calculated method detection limit and above the analyte.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    6 pages
    English language
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