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ASTM D4332-13

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing

Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages are made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in physical properties as the temperature and the relative humidity (RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the package should be placed and kept in a specified atmosphere for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of physical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.  
4.2 The conditions described in this practice are either historically accepted standard conditions or special laboratory conditions chosen to represent particular phases of the distribution environment. These special conditions do not necessarily duplicate actual field conditions, but tend to simulate them and have effects on packages and materials which may be related to their field performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides for standard and special conditioning and testing atmospheres that may be used to simulate particular field conditions that a container, package, or packaging component may encounter during its life or testing cycle.  
1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioning these containers, packages, or packaging components so that they may reach equilibrium with the atmosphere to which they may be exposed.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Mar-2013
ICS
55.020 - Packaging and distribution of goods in general
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4332-01(2006) - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5458-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Peel Cling of Stretch Wrap Film
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3332-99(2016) - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical-Shock Fragility of Products, Using Shock Machines
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5264-98(2019) - Standard Practice for Abrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the Sutherland Rub Tester
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4169-22 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
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ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6295/D6295M-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Dispensability of Light–Duty Pressure–Sensitive Film Tape (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
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ASTM D3950-17 - Standard Specification for Strapping, Nonmetallic (and Joining Methods)
Effective Date
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ASTM D7790-19 - Standard Guide for Preparation of Plastic Packagings Containing Liquids for United Nations (UN) Drop Testing
Effective Date
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ASTM D1968-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Paper and Paper Products
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
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ASTM F2825-18 - Standard Practice for Climatic Stressing of Packaging Systems for Single Parcel Delivery
Effective Date
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ASTM D951-17 - Standard Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method
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ASTM D6787/D6787M-02(2023) - Standard Specification for Repositionable Note Pad
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ASTM D4728-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
Effective Date
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ASTM D7386-16 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
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REDLINE ASTM D4332-13 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for TestingREDLINE ASTM D4332-13 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4332 − 13
StandardPractice for
Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging
1
Components for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice provides for standard and special condi- 3.1 Termsanddefinitionsusedinthispracticemaybefound
tioning and testing atmospheres that may be used to simulate in Terminology D996, Terminology E41, or Specification
particular field conditions that a container, package, or pack- E171.
agingcomponentmayencounterduringitslifeortestingcycle.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioning
4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages are
these containers, packages, or packaging components so that
made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in
they may reach equilibrium with the atmosphere to which they
physicalpropertiesasthetemperatureandtherelativehumidity
may be exposed.
(RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
package should be placed and kept in a specified atmosphere
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
physical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The conditions described in this practice are either
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
historically accepted standard conditions or special laboratory
conditions chosen to represent particular phases of the distri-
2. Referenced Documents
bution environment. These special conditions do not necessar-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ily duplicate actual field conditions, but tend to simulate them
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products
and have effects on packages and materials which may be
for Testing
related to their field performance.
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
ments
5. Atmospheric Conditions
E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning
5.1 Preconditioning Atmosphere—20 to 40°C (68 to 104°F)
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
and 10 to 35 % relative humidity.
Packaging
5.2 StandardConditioningAtmosphere— 23 6 1°C (73.4 6
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
2°F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity.
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
peratures)
NOTE 1—Average values must fall within these limits. Short-term
2.2 ISO Standard: fluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measure-
ments to vary up to 62°C (63.6°F) and 65 % relative humidity without
2233 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport Packages:
3
significant impairment of test precision.
Conditioning for Testing
NOTE 2—The standard conditioning in the United States is different
than in many other countries that use the ISO 2233 conditions.
5.3 Environmental ConditioningAtmosphere—The environ-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
mental conditions shown in Table 1 may be selected when
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersand
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
appropriate.
Current edition approved March 15, 2013. Published April 2013. Originally
NOTE 3—In the absence of a specific requirement for a particular
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4332 – 01 (2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D4332-13. atmospheric condition, use the conditioning atmosphere given in 5.2.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or NOTE4—Conditioningatthedesertcondition(seeTable1)ataconstant
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
temperature of 60°C (140°F) may have effects on some materials that do
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
not relate to effects of cyclical field conditions.
the ASTM website.
3
5.4 The measurement of temperature and relative humidity
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. of the conditioning atmosphere shall be made as close to the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4332 − 13
TABLE 1 Environmental Conditions
preconditioning or conditioning so that the water in the
Environ
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4332 − 01 (Reapproved 2006) D4332 − 13
Standard Practice for
Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging
1
Components for Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides for standard and special conditioning and testing atmospheres that may be used to simulate particular
field conditions that a container, package, or packaging component may encounter during its life or testing cycle.
1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioning these containers, packages, or packaging components so that they may
reach equilibrium with the atmosphere to which they may be exposed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Products for Testing
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
E41 Terminology Relating To Conditioning
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
2233 Packaging—Complete, Filled Transport Packages: Conditioning for Testing
2.3 Forest Products Laboratory:
4
Moisture Content vs. Relative Humidity Chart Content vs. Relative Humidity Chart
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms and definitions used in this practice may be found in Terminology D996, Terminology E41, or Specification E171.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages are made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in physical
properties as the temperature and the relative humidity (RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the package should
be placed and kept in a specified atmosphere for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of physical properties will
be meaningful and reproducible.
4.2 The conditions described in this practice are either historically accepted standard conditions or special laboratory conditions
chosen to represent particular phases of the distribution environment. These special conditions do not necessarily duplicate actual
field conditions, but tend to simulate them and have effects on packages and materials which may be related to their field
performance.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006March 15, 2013. Published November 2006April 2013. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20012006
ε2
as D4332 – 01 (2006). . DOI: 10.1520/D4332-01R06.10.1520/D4332-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4332 − 13
5. Atmospheric Conditions
5.1 Preconditioning Atmosphere—20 to 40°C (68 to 104°F) and 10 to 35 % relative humidity.
5.2 Standard Conditioning Atmosphere— 23 6 1°C (73.4 6 2°F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity.
NOTE 1—Average values must fall within these limits. Short-term fluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measurements to vary
up to 62°C (63.6°F) and 65 % relative humidity without significant impairment of test precision.
NOTE 2—The standard conditioning in the United States is different than in many other countries that use the ISO 2233 preferred conditions (G) of
20°C (68°F) and 65 % relative humidity. conditions.
5.3 Special Atmospheres—Environmental Conditioning Atmosphere—The special standard atmo
...

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ASTM D7790-19(2023)(Guide)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide direction for uniform conditioning methodology when conducting special preparations of plastic packagings as prescribed for conducting United Nations (UN) drop test. This guide provides a uniform approach for conditioning of plastic packaging intended for liquid hazardous materials (dangerous goods).  
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Note 1: Sources of supplementary information are listed in the Reference section (1-11).2  
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Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many materials from which containers and packages are made, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes in physical properties as the temperature and the relative humidity (RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, the package should be placed and kept in a specified atmosphere for a length of time such that subsequent measurements of physical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.  
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1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioning these containers, packages, or packaging components so that they approach or reach equilibrium with the atmosphere to which they may be exposed. This standard is commonly used for conditioning when conducting transit simulation tests.  
1.3 Practice D685 should be used as the relevant conditioning standard when quantification of box compression strength at standard atmosphere conditions is required.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5445-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Pictorial Markings for Handling of Goods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Packages are often marked with handling instructions in the language of the country of origin. While this may safeguard the consignment to some extent, it is of little value for goods consigned to, or through, countries using different languages, and of no value at all if people unloading the packages are illiterate. Pictorial symbols offer the most likely means of conveying the consignor’s intention and their adoption will, therefore, undoubtedly reduce loss and damage through incorrect handling. The use of pictorial symbols does not provide any guarantee of satisfactory handling; proper protective packaging is therefore of primary importance.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a set of symbols to be used for marking of packages or containers to indicate special handling and storage requirements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4003-98(2019)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods provide a measure of a shipping container's ability to protect a product from failure due to horizontal impacts. These measures are based on controlled levels of shock input and may be used for arriving at the optimum design of a container or system to protect a product against a specified level of shipping environment hazard.  
4.2 These test methods provide a measure of a packaged product's ability to withstand the various levels of shipping environment hazards. These measures may be used to prescribe a mode of shipping and handling that will not induce damage to the packaged product or to define the required levels of protection that must be provided by its packaging.  
4.3 Test Method A is intended to simulate the rail car coupling environment. Refer to Methods D5277 for simulating the standard draft gear portion of that environment.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended to determine the ability of a package or product to withstand laboratory simulated horizontal impact forces.  
1.2 The horizontal impacts used in these test methods are programmed shock inputs that represent the hazards as they occur in the shipping and handling environments. The environmental hazards may include rail switching impacts, lift truck marshalling impacts, and so forth. The following test methods apply:  
1.2.1 Method A, Rail Car Switching Impact—This test method simulates the types of shock pulses experienced by lading in rail car switching, with the use of a rigid bulkhead on the leading edge of the test carriage, to simulate the end wall of a railcar and shock programming devices to produce representative shock pulses. With the use of backloading, this test method may also be used to simulate compressive forces experienced by lading loads during rail car switching. It is suitable for tests of individual containers or systems as they are shipped in rail cars. It may also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of pallet patterns to determine the effect of interaction between containers during rail switching operation impacts.  
1.2.2 Method B, Marshalling Impact Tests of Unit Loads—This test method assesses the ability of unit loads to withstand the forces encountered during marshalling or loading operations.  
1.3 The test levels may be varied to represent the mode on shipping and handling used for the item under test.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6344-04(2017)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to evaluate the ability of packaging to resist the force of concentrated impacts from outside sources, such as those encountered in various modes of transportation and handling. These impacts may be inflicted by adjacent freight jostling against the package in a carrier vehicle, by accidental bumps against other freight when loaded or unloaded from vehicles, by packages bumping against one another during sorting on conveyors or chutes, or many other circumstances.  
4.2 This test method is intended to determine the ability of packaging to protect contents from such impacts, and to evaluate if there is sufficient clearance or support or both between the package wall and its contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures and equipment for testing complete filled transport packages for resistance against concentrated low-level impacts typical of those encountered in the distribution environment. The test is most appropriate for packages such as thin fluted/lighter grade corrugated boxes or stretch-wrapped packaging.  
1.2 The test result is a pass/fail determination, based on acceptance criteria previously established, and a record of the energy dissipated by the complete filled transport package during a low level concentrated impact.
Note 1: This test method discusses the conduct of the test from a prescribed height that either meets or does not meet specific acceptance criteria. It may be possible to conduct this type of testing using modified procedures that provide a numerical response. These might include an incremental test where the drop height (or mass) is increased until a specific failure occurs or an up-and-down or staircase procedure used to find the average height to failure.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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