ASTM C1368-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate Strength Testing at Ambient Temperature
Standard Test Method for Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate Strength Testing at Ambient Temperature
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For many structural ceramic components in service, their use is often limited by lifetimes that are controlled by a process of SCG. This test method provides the empirical parameters for appraising the relative SCG susceptibility of ceramic materials under specified environments. Furthermore, this test method may establish the influences of processing variables and composition on SCG as well as on strength behavior of newly developed or existing materials, thus allowing tailoring and optimizing material processing for further modification. In summary this test method may be used for material development, quality control, characterization, and limited design data generation purposes. The conventional analysis of constant stress-rate testing is based on a number of critical assumptions, the most important of which are listed in the next paragraphs.
The flexural stress computation for the rectangular beam test specimens or the equibiaxial disk flexure test specimens is based on simple beam theory, with the assumptions that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity in tension and compression are identical, and the material is linearly elastic. The average grain size should be no greater than one fiftieth of the beam thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of advanced ceramics by using constant stress-rate rectangular beam flexural testing, or ring-on-ring biaxial disk flexural testing, or direct tensile strength, in which strength is determined as a function of applied stress rate in a given environment at ambient temperature. The strength degradation exhibited with decreasing applied stress rate in a specified environment is the basis of this test method which enables the evaluation of slow crack growth parameters of a material.
Note 1—This test method is frequently referred to as “dynamic fatigue” testing (Refs (1-3) ) in which the term “fatigue” is used interchangeably with the term “slow crack growth.” To avoid possible confusion with the “fatigue” phenomenon of a material which occurs exclusively under cyclic loading, as defined in Terminology E1823, this test method uses the term “constant stress-rate testing” rather than “dynamic fatigue” testing.
Note 2—In glass and ceramics technology, static tests of considerable duration are called “static fatigue” tests, a type of test designated as stress-rupture (See Terminology E1823).
1.2 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and .
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C1368 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of
Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate Strength
1
Testing at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1368; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers the determination of slow crack 2.1 ASTM Standards:
growth (SCG) parameters of advanced ceramics by using C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
constant stress-rate rectangular beam flexural testing, or ring- C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced
on-ring biaxial disk flexural testing, or direct tensile strength, Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
in which strength is determined as a function of applied stress C1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and
rate in a given environment at ambient temperature. The Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced
strength degradation exhibited with decreasing applied stress Ceramics
rate in a specified environment is the basis of this test method C1273 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic
which enables the evaluation of slow crack growth parameters Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
of a material. C1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of
Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
NOTE 1—This test method is frequently referred to as “dynamic
2
C1499 Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural
fatigue” testing (Refs (1-3)) in which the term “fatigue” is used
Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
interchangeably with the term “slow crack growth.” To avoid possible
confusion with the “fatigue” phenomenon of a material which occurs
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
exclusively under cyclic loading, as defined in Terminology E1823, this
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
test method uses the term “constant stress-rate testing” rather than
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
“dynamic fatigue” testing.
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
NOTE 2—In glass and ceramics technology, static tests of considerable
peratures)
duration are called “static fatigue” tests, a type of test designated as
stress-rupture (See Terminology E1823).
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of
1.2 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance
theInternationalSystemofUnits(SI):TheModernMetric
withtheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI)andIEEE/ASTMSI
System
10.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 The terms described in Terminologies C1145, E6, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E1823 are applicable to this test method. Specific terms
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
relevant to this test method are as follows:
3.1.2 advanced ceramic, n—a highly engineered, high-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on performance, predominately nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic
Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on
material having specific functional attributes. (C1145)
Mechanical Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
3
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C1368 – 06. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C1368-10. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C1368 − 10
3.1.3 constant stress rate,σ˙, n—a constant rate of maximum 4. Significance and Use
stress applied to a specified beam by using either a constant
4.1 For many structural ceramic components in service,
loading or constant displacement rate of a testing machine.
their use is often limited by lifetimes that are controlled by a
3.1.4 environment, n—the aggregate of chemical species
process of SCG. This test method
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1368–06 Designation: C1368 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Slow Crack Growth Parameters of
Advanced Ceramics by Constant Stress-Rate
1
FlexuralStrength Testing at Ambient Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1368; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of advanced ceramics by using constant
stress-rate rectangular beam flexural testing in which testing, or ring-on-ring biaxial disk flexural testing, or direct tensile strength,
in which strength is determined as a function of applied stress rate in a given environment at ambient temperature. The strength
degradation exhibited with decreasing applied stress rate in a specified environment is the basis of this test method which enables
the evaluation of slow crack growth parameters of a material.
2
NOTE 1—This test method is frequently referred to as “dynamic fatigue” testing (Refs (1-3) ) in which the term “fatigue” is used interchangeably with
the term “slow crack growth.” To avoid possible confusion with the “fatigue” phenomenon of a material which occurs exclusively under cyclic loading,
as defined in DefinitionsTerminology E1823, this test method uses the term “constant stress-rate testing” rather than “dynamic fatigue” testing.
NOTE 2—In glass and ceramics technology, static tests of considerable duration are called “static fatigue” tests, a type of test designated as
stress-rupture (See DefinitionsTerminology E1823).
1.2 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1145 Terminology of Advanced Ceramics
C1161 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
C1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data and Estimating Weibull Distribution Parameters forAdvanced Ceramics
C1273 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
C1322 Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics
C1499 Test Method for Monotonic Equibiaxial Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
IEEE/ASTMSI10American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The terms described in Terminologyies C1145, Terminology , E6, Terminology E616, and Definitions , and
E1823 are applicable to this test method. Specific terms relevant to this test method are as follows:
3.1.1 advanced ceramic, n—a highly engineered, high-performance, predominately nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramic material
having specific functional attributes. (C1145)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on Mechanical
Properties and Performance.
Current edition approved Jan.Dec. 1, 2006.2010. Published January 2006.2011. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as C1368 – 016.
DOI: 10.1520/C1368-106.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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...
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