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ASTM D7137/D7137M-05e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates

Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates, which have been subjected to quasi-static indentation per Test Method D 6264 or drop-weight impact per Test Method D 7136/D 7136M prior to application of compressive force. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with multidirectional fiber orientations, and which are both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
Note 1—When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact, or CAI, method.
1.2 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular composite plate, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.
Note 2—The damage tolerance properties obtained are particular to the type, geometry and location of damage inflicted upon the plate.
1.3 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, damage type, damage size, damage location, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.
1.4 This test method can be used to test undamaged polymer matrix composite plates, but historically such tests have demonstrated a relatively high incidence of undesirable failure modes (such as end crushing). Test Method D 6641/D 6641M is recommended for obtaining compressive properties of undamaged polymer matrix composites.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2005
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.05 - Structural Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7137/D7137M-05 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D7137/D7137M-07 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
Effective Date
15-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7136/D7136M-20 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8510/D8510M-23 - Standard Test Method for Local Buckling and Crippling under Axial Compressive Loading
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6264/D6264M-23 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7956/D7956M-16 - Standard Practice for Compressive Testing of Thin Damaged Laminates Using a Sandwich Long Beam Flexure Specimen
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2005

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ASTM D7137/D7137M-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite PlatesASTM D7137/D7137M-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
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ASTM D7137/D7137M-05e1 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D7137/D7137M–05
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged
1
Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7137/D 7137M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Fig. 6 was editorially corrected in May 2005.
1. Scope must be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength
standard.
properties of multidirectional polymer matrix composite lami-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nated plates, which have been subjected to quasi-static inden-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tation per Test Method D 6264 or drop-weight impact per Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Method D 7136/D 7136M prior to application of compressive
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
force. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with multidirec-
tional fiber orientations, and which are both symmetric and
2. Referenced Documents
balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.
D 792 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
NOTE 1—When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
Compression After Impact, or CAI, method.
D 3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
1.2 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular composite plate,
Materials
previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested
D 3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
under compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.
D 5229/D 5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
NOTE 2—Thedamagetolerancepropertiesobtainedareparticulartothe
trix Composite Laminates
type, geometry and location of damage inflicted upon the plate.
D 5687/D 5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
1.3 The properties generated by this test method are highly
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
dependent upon several factors, which include specimen ge-
tion
ometry, layup, damage type, damage size, damage location,
D 6264 Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance
and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not
of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a
scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the
Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force
combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.
D 6641/D 6641M Test Method for Determining the Com-
1.4 Thistestmethodcanbeusedtotestundamagedpolymer
pressive Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Lami-
matrix composite plates, but historically such tests have
natesUsingaCombinedLoadingCompression(CLC)Test
demonstrated a relatively high incidence of undesirable failure
Fixture
modes (such as end crushing). Test Method D 6641/D 6641M
D 7136/D 7136M Test Method for Measuring the Damage
is recommended for obtaining compressive properties of un-
Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Com-
damaged polymer matrix composites.
posite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
ing
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Structural Test Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D7137/D7137M–05
E 122 Practice for Calculation of Sample Size to Estimate, 3.2.2 prin
...

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5.1 It is well known that the prepreg impregnation level affects handling characteristics, tack and drape, and final part quality. Resin impregnation level is the dominant factor in the ability of removing air and volatiles from the layup during processing. Partially impregnated prepreg materials can in some applications provide higher quality, lower void content composite parts, and are becoming increasingly more common due to the desire to cure out-of-autoclave, using vacuum bag-only processes. This test can identify small changes in the material impregnation level which can assist in definition of production processes or shipping and handling procedures. The value of permeability can be used for specifying ranges as acceptance requirements for prepreg materials, thus enabling the prepreg manufacturer and user greater confidence in the ability to produce repeatable and high quality parts. This test directly determines the actual air flow propensity of the material tested without any applied compaction pressure during testing.  
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1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
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Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
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1.1 This test method covers the bearing response of pinned or fastened joints using multi-directional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers by double-shear tensile loading (Procedure A), single-shear tensile or compressive loading of a two-piece specimen (Procedure B), single-shear tensile loading of a one-piece specimen (Procedure C), or double-shear compressive loading (Procedure D). Standard specimen configurations using fixed values of test parameters are described for each procedure. However, when fully documented in the test report, a number of test parameters may be optionally varied. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of MIL-HDBK-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a bearing response test method.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 Sandwich damage resistance testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of facing geometry, facing stacking sequence, facing-to-core interface, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness, core thickness, etc.), core density, core strength, processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular sandwich panel to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force, drop-weight impact force, or impact energy.  
5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for sandwich constructions with different facing, core or adhesive materials. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and location(s), indentation or impact force magnitudes, impact energy magnitudes, as well as the force versus time curve.  
5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D8287/D8287M and Practice D8388/D8388M.  
5.2.4 Quasi-static indentation tests can also be used to identify a specific sequence of damage events (only the final damage state is identifiable after a drop-weight impact test).  
5.3 The properties obtained using these practices can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of sandwich structures with similar materials, geometry, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a sandwich structu...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying laminate quasi-static indentation and drop-weight impact test methods to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb, truss cores and fiber-reinforced cores).  
1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 Three test procedures are provided. Procedures A and B correspond to D6264/D6264M test procedures for rigidlybacked and edge-supported test conditions, respectively. Procedure C corresponds to D7136/D7136M test procedures. All three procedures are suitable for imparting damage to a sandwich specimen in preparation for subsequent damage tolerance testing in accordance with Test Method D8287/D8287M (compressive loading) and Practice D8388/D8388M (flexural loading).  
1.4 In general, Procedure A is considered to be the most suitable procedure for comparative damage resistance assessments, due to reduced influence of flexural stiffness and support fixture characteristics upon damage formation. However, the selection of a test procedure and associated support conditions should be done in consideration of the intended structural application, and as such Procedures B and C may be more appropriate for comparative purposes for some applications.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not ...

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