ASTM D698-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))
Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft<sup>3</sup> (600 kN-m/m<sup>3</sup>))
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory compaction methods used to determine the relationship between molding water content and dry unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted in a 4 or 6-in. (101.6 or 152.4-mm) diameter mold with a 5.50-lbf (24.5-N) rammer dropped from a height of 12.0 in. (305 mm) producing a compactive effort of 12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3).Note 1
The equipment and procedures are similar as those proposed by R. R. Proctor (Engineering News Record-September 7, 1933) with this one major exception: his rammer blows were applied as "12 inch firm strokes" instead of free fall, producing variable compactive effort depending on the operator, but probably in the range 15 000 to 25 000 ft-lbf/ft3 (700 to 1200 kN-m/m3). The standard effort test (see ) is sometimes referred to as the Proctor Test.
1.1.1 Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures are to be regarded as natural occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils, or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or aggregates such as gravel or crushed rock. Hereafter referred to as either soil or material.
1.2 These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that have 30 % or less by mass of particles retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve and have not been previously compacted in the laboratory; that is, do not reuse compacted soil.
1.2.1 For relationships between unit weights and molding water contents of soils with 30 % or less by mass of material retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and molding water contents of the fraction passing 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, see Practice D 4718.
1.3 Three alternative methods are provided. The method used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material being tested. If no method is specified, the choice should be based on the material gradation.
1.3.1 Method AMold4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.Material
Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.Layers
Three.Blows per Layer
25.Usage
May be used if 25 % or less (see Section ) by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.Other Usage
If this gradation requirement cannot be met, then Method C may be used.
1.3.2 Method BMold4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.Material
Passing 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.Layers
Three.Blows per Layer
25.Usage
May be used if 25 % or less (see Section ) by mass of the material is retained on the 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.Other Usage
If this gradation requirement cannot be met, then Method C may be used.
1.3.3 Method CMold6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.Material
Passing 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.Layers
Three.Blows per Layer
56.Usage
May be used if 30 % or less (see Section ) by mass of the material is retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
1.3.4 The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used with Method A or B. Note 2Results have been found to vary slightly when a material is tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds, with the smaller mold size typically yielding larger values of density/unit weight (, pp. 21+).
1.4 If the test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of oversize fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be included in the test, corrections must be made to the unit mass and molding water content of the specimen or to the appropriate field-in-place density test specimen using Practice D 4718.
1.5 This test method will generally produce a well-defined maximum dry unit weight for non-free draining soils. If this test method is used for free-draining soils the maximum unit weight may not be well defined, and can be less than obtained using Test Methods D 4253.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026, unless superseded by this standard.
1.6.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the...
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e1
Designation:D698–07
Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using
3 3
1
Standard Effort (12400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Figure 2 was editorially corrected in July 2007.
1. Scope* 1.3.1.2 Material—Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
1.3.1.3 Layers—Three.
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory compaction meth-
1.3.1.4 Blows per Layer—25.
ods used to determine the relationship between molding water
1.3.1.5 Usage—May be used if 25 % or less (see Section
content and dry unit weight of soils (compaction curve)
1.4)bymassofthematerialisretainedontheNo.4(4.75-mm)
compacted ina4or 6-in. (101.6 or 152.4-mm) diameter mold
sieve.
with a 5.50-lbf (24.5-N) rammer dropped from a height of 12.0
1.3.1.6 Other Usage—If this gradation requirement cannot
in. (305 mm) producing a compactive effort of 12 400 ft-lbf/
3 3
be met, then Method C may be used.
ft (600 kN-m/m ).
1.3.2 Method B:
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures are similar as those proposed
1.3.2.1 Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
by R. R. Proctor (Engineering News Record—September 7, 1933) with
3
1.3.2.2 Material—Passing ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
this one major exception: his rammer blows were applied as “12 inch firm
1.3.2.3 Layers—Three.
strokes” instead of free fall, producing variable compactive effort depend-
1.3.2.4 Blows per Layer—25.
ing on the operator, but probably in the range 15 000 to 25 000
3 3
1.3.2.5 Usage—May be used if 25 % or less (see Section
ft-lbf/ft (700 to 1200 kN-m/m ). The standard effort test (see 3.1.3)is
3
sometimes referred to as the Proctor Test.
1.4 ) by mass of the material is retained on the ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm)
sieve.
1.1.1 Soilsandsoil-aggregatemixturesaretoberegardedas
1.3.2.6 Other Usage—If this gradation requirement cannot
naturaloccurringfine-orcoarse-grainedsoils,orcompositesor
be met, then Method C may be used.
mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed
1.3.3 Method C:
soils or aggregates such as gravel or crushed rock. Hereafter
1.3.3.1 Mold—6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter.
referred to as either soil or material.
3
1.3.3.2 Material—Passing ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
1.2 These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that
3 1.3.3.3 Layers—Three.
have 30 % or less by mass of particles retained on the ⁄4-in.
1.3.3.4 Blows per Layer—56.
(19.0-mm) sieve and have not been previously compacted in
1.3.3.5 Usage—May be used if 30 % or less (see Section
the laboratory; that is, do not reuse compacted soil.
3
1.4)bymassofthematerialisretainedonthe ⁄4-in.(19.0-mm)
1.2.1 For relationships between unit weights and molding
sieve.
water contents of soils with 30 % or less by mass of material
3 1.3.4 The 6-in. (152.4-mm) diameter mold shall not be used
retained on the ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and
3 with Method A or B.
molding water contents of the fraction passing ⁄4-in. (19.0-
mm) sieve, see Practice D 4718.
NOTE 2—Results have been found to vary slightly when a material is
1.3 Three alternative methods are provided. The method
tested at the same compactive effort in different size molds, with the
smaller mold size typically yielding larger values of density/unit weight
used shall be as indicated in the specification for the material
2
(1, pp. 21+).
being tested. If no method is specified, the choice should be
based on the material gradation.
1.4 If the test specimen contains more than 5 % by mass of
1.3.1 Method A:
oversize fraction (coarse fraction) and the material will not be
1.3.1.1 Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
included in the test, corrections must be made to the unit mass
and molding water content of the specimen or to the appropri-
ate field-in-place density test specimen using Practice D 4718.
1
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticity
and Density Characteristics of Soils.
2
Current edition approved April 15, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
e1
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 698 – 00a . this standard.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D698–07
1.5 This test method will generally produce a well-defined D 854 Test Methods f
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
ϵ1
Designation:D 698–00 Designation: D 698 – 07
Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using
3 3
1
Standard Effort (12,400(12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ϵ NOTE—Figure 2 was editorially corrected in July 2007.
1. Scope*
1.1This1.1 These test methods covers laboratory compaction proceduresmethods used to determine the relationship between
molding water content and dry unit weight of soils (compaction curve) compacted ina4or 6-in. (101.6 or 152.4-mm) diameter
moldwitha5.50-lbf(24.45-N)rammerdroppedfromaheightof12.0in.(305mm)producingacompactiveeffortof12,40012 400
3 3
ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ).
NOTE 1—The equipment and procedures are similar as those proposed by R. R. Proctor (Engineering News Record—September 7, 1933) with this one
major exception: his rammer blows were applied as “12 inch firm strokes” instead of free fall, producing variable compactive effort depending on the
3
3 (700 to 1200 kN-m/m
operator, but probably in the range 15,00015 000 to 25,00025 000 ft-lbf/ft (700 to 1,200 kN-m/m ). The standard effort test (see
3.2.23.1.3) is sometimes referred to as the Proctor Test. Note2—Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures should be regarded as natural occurring fine- or
coarse-grained soils or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed soils or aggregates such as silt, gravel, or crushed
rock.
3
1.2This test method applies only to soils that have 30% or less by weight of particles retained on the ⁄4-inch (19.0-mm) sieve.
3
NOTE3—For relationships between unit weights and water contents of soils with 30% or less by weight of material retained on the ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm)
3
sieve to unit weights and water contents of the fraction passing ⁄4
1.1.1 Soils and soil-aggregate mixtures are to be regarded as natural occurring fine- or coarse-grained soils, or composites or
mixturesofnaturalsoils,ormixturesofnaturalandprocessedsoilsoraggregatessuchasgravelorcrushedrock.Hereafterreferred
to as either soil or material.
3
1.2 These test methods apply only to soils (materials) that have 30 % or less by mass of particles retained on the ⁄4-in.
(19.0-mm) sieve and have not been previously compacted in the laboratory; that is, do not reuse compacted soil.
1.2.1 For relationships between unit weights and molding water contents of soils with 30 % or less by mass of material retained
3 3
on the ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve to unit weights and molding water contents of the fraction passing ⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve, see
Practice D 4718D4718.
1.3 Three alternative proceduresmethods are provided. The proceduremethod used shall be as indicated in the specification for
the material being tested. If no proceduremethod is specified, the choice should be based on the material gradation.
1.3.1 Procedure AMethod A:
1.3.1.1 Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
1.3.1.2 Material—Passing No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
1.3.1.3 Layers—Three.
1.3.1.4 Blows per layerBlows per Layer—25.
1.3.1.5 Usage—May be used if 20%25 % or less (see Section 1.4 ) by weightmass of the material is retained on the No. 4
(4.75-mm) sieve.
1.3.1.6 Other Use—If this procedure is not specified, materials that meet these gradation requirements may be tested using
Procedures B or C. Other Usage—If this gradation requirement cannot be met, then Method C may be used.
1.3.2 Procedure BMethod B:
1.3.2.1 Mold—4-in. (101.6-mm) diameter.
3
1.3.2.2 Material—Passing ⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
1.3.2.3 Layers—Three.
1.3.2.4 Blows per layerBlows per Layer—25.
1
This test method standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture,
Plasticity and Density Characteristics of Soils.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally published as D 698–91. Last previous edition D 698–91 (1998).
ϵ1
Current edition approved April 15, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 698 – 00a .
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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