ASTM D7140/D7140M-13(2017)

Standard Test Method to Measure Heat Transfer Through Textile Thermal Barrier Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the level of heat transfer through the thermal barrier textile material within a specific period of time.  
5.2 This test method is used to evaluate thermal barriers and determine if they are able to withstand impingement by an open flame.  
5.2.1 This test method is used to evaluate heat transfer when thermal barrier textile materials are used in conjunction with materials that demonstrate any of the following behaviors when exposed to high heat:  
break open
charring
dripping
embrittlement  
ignition
melting
shrinkage  
5.3 This test method cannot be used in place of the full scale test method TB603 or 16 CFR 1633.
Note 1: This test method is intended to be used to evaluate thermal barrier textile material, used as the thermal barrier component for mattresses that are tested to comply with California Technical Bulletin 603 (TB603) or with 16 CFR 1633, two standards which are technically identical. Data obtained by using this method is intended to provide information as to whether it would be helpful to proceed with the full scale testing.  
5.3.1 This test method can be used as part of a supplier quality assurance program.  
5.4 This test method is not intended to be used in evaluating heat transfer of thermal barrier textile materials used in protective clothing.  
5.5 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since information on interlaboratory precision is incomplete. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier shall agree to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials and establish their own interlaboratory precision and bias, and also agree on acceptability limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of heat transfer of textile materials which are used as thermal barriers when exposed to a calibrated convective and radiant energy heat source for 60 s.  
1.1.1 This standard is used to determine if the heat transfer is sufficient to ignite flammable materials which are contiguous to the textile thermal barriers.  
1.2 This standard is used as a means to differentiate textile materials.  
1.3 This test method is not intended to measure the insulation properties of materials used in protective clothing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2017
• ICS: 59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.52 - Flammability

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7140/D7140M − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method to
Measure Heat Transfer Through Textile Thermal Barrier
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7140/D7140M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of heat transfer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of textile materials which are used as thermal barriers when
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
exposed to a calibrated convective and radiant energy heat
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of
source for 60 s.
Textiles
1.1.1 This standard is used to determine if the heat transfer
2.2 Other Standards:
is sufficient to ignite flammable materials which are contiguous
State of California, Technical Bulletin 603 Requirements
to the textile thermal barriers.
and Test Procedures for Resistance of a Mattress/
1.2 This standard is used as a means to differentiate textile Boxspring Set to a Large Open Flame, January, 2004
materials.
Code of Federal Regulations – Title 16 – Consumer Product
Safety Commission Part 1633, Standard for the Flamma-
1.3 This test method is not intended to measure the insula-
bility of Mattress Sets
tion properties of materials used in protective clothing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: break
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
open, charring, dripping, embrittlement, exposure energy to
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
thermal end point, heat flux, ignition, melting, shrinkage.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3.1.1 For all terminology relating to D13.52, Flammability,
refer to Terminology D4391.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the
responseofmaterials,products,orassembliestoheatandflame
3.2 For all terminology related to Textiles see Terminology
under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate
D123.
all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A textile thermal barrier that is used to prevent transfer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of heat to flammable materials which are contiguous to this
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
barrier are exposed to a controlled radiant and convective heat
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
source for 60 s.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 The heat transfer is measured using a data collection
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
system.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.3 Performance of thermal barrier textile material is deter-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mined by the amount of heat transferred through the specimen.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved July 15, 2017. Published August 2017. Originally Available from the State of California.
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7140 – 13. DOI: Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 East
10.1520/D7140_D7140M-13R17. West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http://www.cpsc.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7140/D7140M − 13 (2017)
5. Significance and Use 6. Apparatus
5.1 This test method measures the level of heat transfer
6.1 Arrange components as shown in Fig. 1.
through the thermal barrier textile material within a specific
6.1.1 Details of the calorimeter construction are shown in
period of time.
Fig. 2.
5.2 This test method is used to evaluate thermal barriers and
6.2 Liquid propane or natural gas with appropriate reducer
determine if they are able to withstand impingement by an
and valving arrangement.
open flame.
6.3 A gas rotometer with range to give flow equivalent to 2
5.2.1 This test method is used to evaluate heat transfer when
L [0.007 ft ]/min. air at standard conditions.
thermal barrier textile materials are used in conjunction with
materials that demonstrate any of the following behaviors 6.4 Meeker or Fisher burner with 38 mm [1.5 in.] diameter
when exposed to high heat:
top and with orifice size of 1.2 mm [3/64 in.] for natural gas.
break open Propane requires a special orifice.
charring
6.5 Copper calorimeter mounted in an insulating block and
dripping
constructed as shown in Fig. 2.
embrittlement
6.5.1 Calorimeter is painted black using a high temperature
ignition
flat black stove pipe primer.
melting
shrinkage 6.6 Dimensions for two (2) mounting plates are Length 152
mm [6 in.], Width 152 mm [6 in.], each with a 76 mm [3 in.]
5.3 This test method cannot be used in place of the full scale
by 76 mm [3 in.] hole in center. Each plate thickness is 3 mm
test method TB603 or 16 CFR 1633.
[1/8 in.]. See Fig. 3. The bottom plate which faces the flame
NOTE 1—This test method is intended to be used to evaluate thermal
mustbemadeofsteel.Thetopplatemustalsobemadeofsteel.
barrier textile material, used as the thermal barrier component for
6.7 Any strip chart recorder with full scale deflection of at
mattressesthataretestedtocomplywithCaliforniaTechnicalBulletin603
(TB603) or with 16 CFR 1633, two standards which are technically
least 150° C [300°F] or 10 mV and sufficient sensitivity and
identical. Data obtained by using this method is intended to provide
scale divisions to read sensor response to 1°C [2° F] or 60.05
informationastowhetheritwouldbehelpfultoproceedwiththefullscale
mv.Achart speed to read exposure time to 60.01 s is required.
testing.
6.8 Specimen Holder, see Fig. 3 Three complete assemblies
5.3.1 This test method can be used as part of a supplier
are desirable.
quality assurance program.
6.9 Laboratory standard ring support and clamp are used to
5.4 This test method is not intended to be used in evaluating
hold specimen holder assembly and position the burner.
heat transfer of thermal barrier textile materials used in
protective clothing.
7. Hazards
5.5 This test method is not recommended for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments, since information on inter- 7.1 Perform the test in a hood or ventilated area to carry
laboratory precision is incomplete. In some cases the purchaser combustion products away. If air currents disturb the flame,
and the supplier shall agree to test a commercial shipment of shield the apparatus or turn off the hood while running the test,
one or more specific materials and establish their own inter- thenturnthehoodonafterthetesttoclearfumes.Exercisecare
laboratory precision and bias, and also agree on acceptability in handling the burner with the open flame. Maintain adequate
limits. separation between flame and combustible materials.
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus
D7140/D7140M − 13 (2017)
FIG. 2 Calorimeter Placement
7.2 The specimen holder and calorimeter assembly can shipment of one style of fabric as the lot. A lot may constitute
become heated during prolonged testing. Use protective gloves part of a single customer order.
when handling these hot objects.
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
NOTE 2—Some test specimens are hazardous when exposed to direct
rolls or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
flames. Use care when the ignited specimen releases combustible gases.
or piece of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s
Remove the burner using gloves and allow the sample to burn out, or
risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
smother it with a plate.
8.2 Laboratory Sample—Take a swatch extending the width
7.3 Shut off the gas supply at the cylinder and allow flame
of the fabric and approximately1m[1yd] along the machine
to burn the gas from the lines when testing is completed.
direction from each roll or piece in the lot sample. For rolls of
8. Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation fabric, take a sample that will exclude fabric from the outer
wrap of the roll or the inner wrap around the core of the roll of
8.1 Lot Sample—Randomly select the number of rolls or
fabric.
pieces of fabric directed in an applicable material specification
or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 8.3 Test Specimens—Cut and identify five test specimens
Consider the rolls or pieces of fabric to be the pr
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7140/D7140M − 13 D7140/D7140M − 13 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method to
Measure Heat Transfer Through Textile Thermal Barrier
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7140/D7140M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of heat transfer of textile materials which are used as thermal barriers when exposed
to a calibrated convective and radiant energy heat source for 60 s.
1.1.1 This standard is used to determine if the heat transfer is sufficient to ignite flammable materials which are contiguous to
the textile thermal barriers.
1.2 This standard is used as a means to differentiate textile materials.
1.3 This test method is not intended to measure the insulation properties of materials used in protective clothing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles
2.2 Other Standards:
State of California, Technical Bulletin 603 Requirements and Test Procedures for Resistance of a Mattress/Boxspring Set to a
Large Open Flame, January, 2004
Code of Federal Regulations – Title 16 – Consumer Product Safety Commission Part 1633, Standard for the Flammability of
Mattress Sets
3. Terminology
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: break open, charring, dripping, embrittlement, exposure energy to thermal
end point, heat flux, ignition, melting, shrinkage.
3.1.1 For all terminology relating to D13.52, Flammability, refer to Terminology D4391.
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.
Current edition approved March 15, 2013July 15, 2017. Published April 2013August 2017. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052013 as
D7140 – 05.D7140 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D7140_D7140M-13.10.1520/D7140_D7140M-13R17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from the State of California.
Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 East West Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http://www.cpsc.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7140/D7140M − 13 (2017)
3.2 For all terminology related to Textiles see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A textile thermal barrier that is used to prevent transfer of heat to flammable materials which are contiguous to this barrier
are exposed to a controlled radiant and convective heat source for 60 s.
4.2 The heat transfer is measured using a data collection system.
4.3 Performance of thermal barrier textile material is determined by the amount of heat transferred through the specimen.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method measures the level of heat transfer through the thermal barrier textile material within a specific period of
time.
5.2 This test method is used to evaluate thermal barriers and determine if they are able to withstand impingement by an open
flame.
5.2.1 This test method is used to evaluate heat transfer when thermal barrier textile materials are used in conjunction with
materials that demonstrate any of the following behaviors when exposed to high heat:
break open
charring
dripping
embrittlement
ignition
melting
shrinkage
5.3 This test method cannot be used in place of the full scale test method TB603 or 16 CFR 1633.
NOTE 1—This test method is intended to be used to evaluate thermal barrier textile material, used as the thermal barrier component for mattresses that
are tested to comply with California Technical Bulletin 603 (TB603) or with 16 CFR 1633, two standards which are technically identical. Data obtained
by using this method is intended to provide information as to whether it would be helpful to proceed with the full scale testing.
5.3.1 This test method can be used as part of a supplier quality assurance program.
5.4 This test method is not intended to be used in evaluating heat transfer of thermal barrier textile materials used in protective
clothing.
5.5 This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since information on interlaboratory
precision is incomplete. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier shall agree to test a commercial shipment of one or more
specific materials and establish their own interlaboratory precision and bias, and also agree on acceptability limits.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Arrange components as shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.1 Details of the calorimeter construction are shown in Fig. 2.
6.2 Liquid propane or natural gas with appropriate reducer and valving arrangement.
6.3 A gas rotometer with range to give flow equivalent to 2 L [0.007 ft ]/min. air at standard conditions.
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus
D7140/D7140M − 13 (2017)
FIG. 2 Calorimeter Placement
6.4 Meeker or Fisher burner with 38 mm [1.5 in.] diameter top and with orifice size of 1.2 mm [3/64 in.] for natural gas. Propane
requires a special orifice.
6.5 Copper calorimeter mounted in an insulating block and constructed as shown in Fig. 2.
6.5.1 Calorimeter is painted black using a high temperature flat black stove pipe primer.
6.6 Dimensions for two (2) mounting plates are Length 152 mm [6 in.], Width 152 mm [6 in.], each with a 76 mm [3 in.] by
76 mm [3 in.] hole in center. Each plate thickness is 3 mm [1/8 in.]. See Fig. 3. The bottom plate which faces the flame must be
made of steel. The top plate must also be made of steel.
6.7 Any strip chart recorder with full scale deflection of at least 150° C [300°F] or 10 mV and sufficient sensitivity and scale
divisions to read sensor response to 1°C [2° F] or 60.05 mv. A chart speed to read exposure time to 60.01 s is required.
6.8 Specimen Holder, see Fig. 3 Three complete assemblies are desirable.
6.9 Laboratory standard ring support and clamp are used to hold specimen holder assembly and position the burner.
7. Hazards
7.1 Perform the test in a hood or ventilated area to carry combustion products away. If air currents disturb the flame, shield the
apparatus or turn off the hood while running the test, then turn the hood on after the test to clear fumes. Exercise care in handling
the burner with the open flame. Maintain adequate separation between flame and combustible materials.
7.2 The specimen holder and calorimeter assembly can become heated during prolonged testing. Use protective gloves when
handling these hot objects.
NOTE 2—Some test specimens are hazardous when exposed to direct flames. Use care when the ignited specimen releases combustible gases. Remove
D7140/D7140M − 13 (2017)
76 mm [3 in.] square hole centered in the middle of each of the 152 by 152 mm [6 by 6 in.] plates.
FIG. 3 Specimen Mounting Plate
the burner using gloves and allow the sample to burn out, or smother it with a plate.
7.3 Shut off the gas supply at the cylinder and allow flame to burn the gas from the lines when testing is completed.
8. Sampling and Test Specimen Preparation
8.1 Lot Sample—Randomly select the number of rolls or pieces of fabric directed in an applicable material specification or other
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider the rolls or pieces of fabric to be the primary sampling units. In the
absence of such an agreement, take the number of fabric rolls specified in Table 1. Consider a single shipment of one style of fabric
as the lot. A lot may constitute part of a single customer order.
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability between rolls
or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll or
...